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49 views

Unit 4 Background2

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api-246172196
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT 3 Overview

Math Background
Use Rounding to Estimate Sums and Differences
Rounding
Students learn how to round numbers to the nearest ten or nearest hundred. They
first establish the tens or hundreds above and the tens or hundreds below the
number they are rounding. Then they determine, using place value, place-value drawings, or
Secret Code Cards, which ten or hundred is closer to the number they are rounding.
Round to the Nearest Hundred
Hundreds Above
and Below Place-Value Drawings Secret Code Cards
Round to the Nearest Ten
Tens Above
and Below Place-Value Drawings Secret Code Cards
300
3 0 0
60
6 0 0
4
4
300
3 0 0 0 0
60
6 0
4
4
4 has fewer than 5 ones, so
round down to the existing ten.
370
364
360
364 is less than
365 (halfway),
so round down to 360.
364 has less than 5
ones, so round down
to 360.
364 Underline the place to which you are rounding.
300
3 0 0
60
6 0 0
4
4
300
3 0 0
60
6 0 0
4
4
64 has more than 5 tens, so
round up to the next hundred.
400
364
300
364 is more than
350 (halfway),
so round up to 400.
364 has more than 5
ten-sticks, so round
up to 400.
364 Underline the place to which you are rounding.
Teaching Unit 3 (Continued)
78318.U03_Overview_265A-265J 5/4/06 9:57 AM Page 272
Estimating Sums and Differences
For rounding to estimate sums or differences, students round each number to the
nearest ten or nearest hundred, and then add or subtract.
There are 48 children on one bus and 33 on another bus. About how many
children are there altogether?
48 rounds to 50
33 rounds to 30.
Add 50 and 30 to get an estimate of 80.
Rounding Money Amounts
Students round money amounts to the nearest dime or nearest dollar, using the
rules for rounding. If the amount is equal to or more than half of the next whole
dime (or dollar) amount, round up. If it is less than half of the next whole dime
(or dollar) amount, round down.
Round $3.62 to the Nearest Dime
Underline the place to which you are
rounding. Find the digit to the right
of the dimes place. Since 2 is less
than half of a dime, round down to
the lesser dime: $3.60.
$3.70
$3.62
$3.60
Data in Tables and in Bar Graphs
A major focus of this unit is learning to understand tables and bar graphs. As
students interact with these data formats, they continually write and solve problem
situations and pose questions for their classmates from the data they can read in
these formats.
Working with bar graph scales builds on students earlier work with understanding
the scale in rulers and how it is built from small lengths. This helps students see the
lengths involved in bar graphs, and the bars in bar graphs help students think of
the bar graph scale, rulers, and number lines as a length model (for example, the
6 does not mean that point, it means 6 of the length units used in the scale). Work
with both horizontal and vertical bar graph scales helps to prepare students for
work with such scales on coordinate grids in Unit G.
Working with tables helps students learn to look across rows and down columns.
This helps to prepare them for the array and area situations they will encounter in
Unit 4 in multiplication and division situations. Students will continue to interact
with tables in Units 4 and 5 where they will use the multiplication table and solve
small scrambled mini-multiplication tables called Missing Number Puzzles. Students
return to a focused use of tables in Unit 7, where tables summarize measurement
information.
Unit 3 Overview
Round $3.62 to the Nearest Dollar
Underline the place to which you are
rounding. Find the digits to the right of
the dollars place. Since 62 is more than
half of a dollar, round up to the greater
dollar: $4.00.
$4.00
$3.62
$3.00
$3.62 is less than
$3.65 (halfway),
so round down to $3.60.
$3.62 is more than
$3.50 (halfway),
so round up to $4.00.
78318.U03_Overview_265A-265J 5/4/06 9:57 AM Page 273

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