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Basics: Basics Arrays and Dictionaries Control Flow Functions Closures Classes Enums Other Links

This document provides a short guide to using Apple's Swift programming language. It covers basics like variables, constants, strings, arrays and dictionaries. It also discusses control flow, functions, closures, classes, enums and other concepts. The guide includes code examples for printing, data types, loops, conditional statements, functions and classes. It also mentions protocols, extensions, generics and emoji/unicode support in Swift.

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igipu
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78 views1 page

Basics: Basics Arrays and Dictionaries Control Flow Functions Closures Classes Enums Other Links

This document provides a short guide to using Apple's Swift programming language. It covers basics like variables, constants, strings, arrays and dictionaries. It also discusses control flow, functions, closures, classes, enums and other concepts. The guide includes code examples for printing, data types, loops, conditional statements, functions and classes. It also mentions protocols, extensions, generics and emoji/unicode support in Swift.

Uploaded by

igipu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A short guide to using Apples new programming language, Swift.

Overview
Basics
Arrays and Dictionaries
Control Flow
Functions
Closures
Classes
Enums
Other
Links
Basics
println("Hello, world")
var myVariable = 42
let myConstant = 3.1415926
let explicitDouble: Double = 70
let label = "some text " + String(myVariable) //
Casting
let piText = "Pi = \(myConstant)" //
String interpolation
var optionalString: String? = "optional" //
Can be nil
optionalString = nil
Arrays and Dictionaries
// Array
var shoppingList = ["catfish", "water", "lemons"]
shoppingList[1] = "bottle of water"
shoppingList.count // size of array (3)
var emptyArray = String[]()
// Dictionary
var occupations = [
"Malcolm": "Captain",
"kaylee": "Mechanic"
]
occupations["Jayne"] = "Public Relations"
let emptyDictionary = Dictionary<String, Float>()
Control Flow
// for loop (array)
let myArray = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5]
for value in myArray {
if value == 1 {
println("One!")
} else {
println("Not one!")
}
}
// for loop (dictionary)
var dict = [
"name": "Steve Jobs",
"title": "CEO",
"company": "Apple"
]
for (key, value) in dict {
println("\(key): \(value)")
}
// for loop (range)
for i in -1...1 { // [-1, 0, 1]
println(i)
}
// use .. to exclude the last number
// while loop
var i = 1
while i < 1000 {
i *= 2
}
// do-while loop
do {
println("hello")
} while 1 == 2
// Switch
let vegetable = "red pepper"
switch vegetable {
case "celery":
let vegetableComment = "Add some raisins and make a
nts on a log."
case "cucumber", "watercress":
let vegetableComment = "That would make a good tea
sandwich."
case let x where x.hasSuffix("pepper"):
let vegetableComment = "Is it a spicy \(x)?"
default: // required (in order to cover all possible
input)
let vegetableComment = "Everything tastes good in s
oup."
}
Functions
Functions are a rst-class type, meaning they can be nested in
functions and can be passed around
// Function
func greet(name: String, day: String) -> String {
return "Hello \(name), today is \(day)."
}
greet("Bob", "Tuesday")
// Function that returns multiple items in a tuple
func getGasPrices() -> (Double, Double, Double) {
return (3.59, 3.69, 3.79)
}
// Args
func setup(numbers: Int...) {}
// Passing and returning functions
func makeIncrementer() -> (Int -> Int) {
func addOne(number: Int) -> Int {
return 1 + number
}
return addOne
}
var increment = makeIncrementer()
increment(7)
Closures
Functions are special case closures ({})
// Closure example.
// `->` separates the arguments and return type
// `in` separates the closure header from the closure
body
var numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
numbers.map({
(number: Int) -> Int in
let result = 3 * number
return result
})
// When the type is known, like above, we can do this
numbers = [1, 2, 6]
numbers = numbers.map({ number in 3 * number })
print(numbers) // [3, 6, 18]
Classes
All methods and properties of a class are public. If you just need
to store data
in a structured object, you should use a struct
// A parent class of Square
class Shape {
init() {
}
func getArea() -> Int {
return 0;
}
}
// A simple class `Square` extends `Shape`
class Square: Shape {
var sideLength: Int
// Custom getter and setter property
var perimeter: Int {
get {
return 4 * sideLength
}
set {
sideLength = newValue / 4
}
}
init(sideLength: Int) {
self.sideLength = sideLength
super.init()
}
func shrink() {
if sideLength > 0 {
--sideLength
}
}
override func getArea() -> Int {
return sideLength * sideLength
}
}
var mySquare = Square(sideLength: 5)
print(mySquare.getArea()) // 25
mySquare.shrink()
print(mySquare.sideLength) // 4
// If you don't need a custom getter and setter, but
still want to run code
// before an after getting or setting a property, you
can use `willSet` and `didSet`
Enums
Enums can optionally be of a specic type or on their own. They
can contain methods like classes.
enum Suit {
case Spades, Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs
func getIcon() -> String {
switch self {
case .Spades: return ""
case .Hearts: return ""
case .Diamonds: return ""
case .Clubs: return ""
}
}
}
Other
protocol: Similar to Java interfaces.
extension: Add extra functionality to an already created
type
Generics: Similar to Java. Use the where keyword to
specify the requirements of the generics.
Emoji/Unicode support
You can use any unicode character (including emoji) as variable
names or in Strings.
var ! = "Smiley"
println(!) // prints "Smiley"
let " = "#$%&"
var ': String[] = []
for ( in " {
'.append((+()
}
println(') // prints [##, $$, %%, &&]
Links
Homepage
Guide
Book
Contributing
Feel free to send a PR or mention an idea, improvement or issue!

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