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Esther Hospital
MOTHERS CLASS
Basics of STI, HIV and AIDS
April 9, 2014
What is STI?
It is an infetion pri!aril" trans!itte# thro$%h se&$al ontat, '$t !a"
also 'e trans!itte# thro$%h non(se&$al !eans)
Co!!on STIs*
Bacteria Viral Protozoal Fungal Skin
Parasites
1) +onorrhea 1)+enital
herpes
1)
Triho!onas
1)
Can#i#iasis
1) ,$'i Lie
2) S"philis 2)+enital
-arts
2) Sa'ies
( passe# on
'" lose
'o#" ontat
. #o not
re/$ire
at$al
penetrati0e
intero$rse
1) Chla!"#ia 1)+enital
!oll$s$!
4) Chanroi# 4) HI2
3) Hepatitis
4
o!!on Signs and S"!#to!s of STI
,ain passin% $rine
Se0ere ithiness
,ain #$rin% intero$rse
5ello6ish7a'nor!al #ishar%es
8lerations
A'#o!inal pain
Co!!on 4aterial STI*
1) $onorrhea
Ca$se# '" 'ateria alle# neisseria %onorrheae
8s$al in$'ation perio# is 1 to 9 #a"s
Can 'e sprea# thro$%h se&$al ontat
Can a:et %enital, throat an# an$s
S"!#to!s
5ello6ish7 ,$r$lent #ishar%e ;t$lo<
,el0i in=a!!ation in 6o!en
Srotal s6ellin% in !en
2) hla!"dia
Ca$se# '" Chlamydia trachomatis
Can infet the er0i&, $rethra, ret$!, throat an# e"es
Also >no6n as the silent STI
S"!#to!s
,el0i in=a!!ation
?ishar%e
Monali@a +a" S) A%$lan, RA
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Srotal s6ellin% in !en
1) S"#hilis
Ca$se# '" spirohete trepone!a palli#$!
Chroni s"ste!i #isease ;9(90 #a"s<
The or%anis! !o0es thro$%h s>in or !$$s !e!'rane an# into the
'loo#strea!
Can 'e trans!itte# thro$%h !other to hil#, 'loo# transf$sion, se&$al
ontat
S"!#to!
Lesions
Co!!on 2iral STI*
1) $enital Warts
Ca$se# '" h$!an papillo!a 0ir$s ;H,2<
Trans!itte# #iretl" fro! s>in to s>in #$rin% se&$al ontat
S"!#to!s
Lesions
-art" %ro6ths
2) $enital Her#es
Ca$se# '" herpes si!ple& 0ir$s 2
In$'ation perio# is 2(12 #a"s
S"!#to!s
M$ltiple, painf$l shallo6 $lers
,ainf$l $rination
What is HIV?
H%&A' ( This 0ir$s an onl" infet h$!an 'ein%s
I&&%'()D*FII*'+ ) The e:et of the 0ir$s is to reate a #eBien" ;a fail$re
to 6or> properl"< 6ithin the 'o#"s i!!$ne s"ste!
VI,%S) This or%anis! is a retro 0ir$s, 6hih !eans it an repro#$e itself '"
ta>in% o0er the
!ahiner"
of the h$!an ell
Monali@a +a" S) A%$lan, RA
1
hain of HIV Infection
Four Bod" Fluids -no.n To Trans!it HIV
1) 4loo#
2) Se!en
1) 2a%inal 7 Cer0ial Cl$i#
4) 4reast!il>
What Is AIDS?
A/%I,*D ( The infetion !a" 'e trans!itte# fro! one person to another
I&&%'* ( The i!!$ne s"ste! is o!pro!ise#
D*FII*'+( The 'o#" an no lon%er B%ht o: infetionsD in#i0i#$al !a" s$:er
fro! t6o or !ore opport$nisti infetions
S+'D,(&*( A person e&perienes a olletion of s"!pto!s 6hih o$l# 'e fatal
What Is An (##ortunistic Infection?
It is an infetion or !ali%nan" that atta>s the 'o#" '" ta>in% a#0anta%e of
an i!!$ne s"ste! that has 'een se0erel" 6ea>ene# '" an a#0ane# HI2
infetion
*0a!#les of (##ortunistic Infections
Monali@a +a" S) A%$lan, RA
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HIV Trans!ission ,isk 12 Sexual transmission of HIV
HIV Trans!ission ,isk 3: Infected Blood and blood products
4loo# transf$sion fro! an HI2(infete# #onor . sharin% of infete#
s"rin%es an# nee#les
HIV Trans!ission ,isk 4: Mother to Child
Cro! an HI2(infete# !other to her hil# E ?$rin% pre%nan"
Enat$ral #eli0er"
E 'reast(fee#in%
Actiities !hat Do "ot Allo# HIV !ransmission
Casual contacts (sharing food and utensils, shaking hands, hugging or
kissing, coughing, sneezing, using public phone, visiting a hospital)
Feces, urine, saliva, sweat, tears
Donating blood
Sharing toilets
nsect bites
Swimming pools
$reention : Ho# can I protect m%self from HIV?
ABD* of Pre5ention
A4STIAEACE* ?o not ha0e se&) In the ase of a#olesents, #ela"in% se&$al
#e'$t ;a%e of Brst se&$al eno$nter< 6ill help)
BE !ono%a!o$s* Ha0e OAE se&$al partner
orret an# onsistent $se of COA?OM an# safer se& praties
DO AOT inFet #r$%s
*#$ation . Earl" #etetion
Pre5enting HIV Trans!ission thru Blood 6 Blood Products
o 4loo# safet" pro%ra!s
Monali@a +a" S) A%$lan, RA
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o 8ni0ersal prea$tions
o Har! re#$tion pro%ra!
Pre5enting HIV Trans!ission fro! HIV)Positi5e &other to Ba7"
HI2(positi0e 6o!en an still %i0e 'irth to HI2(ne%ati0e 'a'ies if the"
follo6 ertain prea$tions*
Ta>e AR2s #$rin% pre%nan"
?eli0er the 'a'" thr$ aesarian operation
8se infant for!$la instea# of 'reast !il>
,e!e!7er89
?r$% $se an# e&essi0e alohol inta>e an i!pair an in#i0i#$als
#eision(!a>in% proess, p$ttin% hi!7her in a sit$ation 6here infetion
!a" o$r)
The ris> of HI2 trans!ission an 'e re#$e# if in#i0i#$als 6o$l# han%e
their ris>" 'eha0iors an# praties)
E#$ation is i!portant) ,eople sho$l# 'e pro0i#e# 6ith orret,
a$rate, an# relia'le infor!ation on ho6 the" an protet the!sel0es
fro! HI2)
Ho# #ill i &no# if i am HIV positie?
HIV Anti)Bod" Testing ) A persons HI2 stat$s an onl" 'e #eter!ine#
thro$%h HI2 anti'o#" testin%
Access to HIV Screening
G Voluntar" counseling 6 testing :VT; < in#i0i#$als 6illin%
to$n#er%o testin% of their o6n free 6ill
= Pro5ider)initiated counseling 6 testing :PIT; H a sit$ation
6here #otors eno$ra%e patients to $n#er%o testin%

lient)Initiated ounseling 6 Testing
HI2 testin% is stritl" 0ol$ntar", onB#ential, an# !$st 'e ao!panie# '"
pre( an# post(test o$nsellin%
HIV Testing
Monali@a +a" S) A%$lan, RA
HIV Testing Facilities
Soial h"%iene linis
?OH(liense# OC- linis
Are#ite# HI2 o$nselin% . testin%
enters ;pri0ate an# p$'li failities<
Treat!ent h$'s ;e&) ,+H, San La@aro
Hospital, RITM
What if I test #ositi5e?
See> earl" !e#ial treat!ent
A#opt a health" lifest"le an# positi0e attit$#e)
Treat!ent and are
Re%$lar 'loo# test to #eter!ine C?4 o$nt an# 0iral loa#
,ro0ision of anti(retro0iral #r$%s
Treat!ent of opport$nisti infetions
In su!!ar"8
STI, %enerall" a/$ire# thr$ $nsafe se&$al ontat, is a$se# '"
!iroor%anis!s that
inl$#e HI2) A person 6ith STI is th$s !ore 0$lnera'le to HI2)
HIV, a/$ire# in the sa!e !anner as !ost STIs, is a !iroor%anis!
that atta>s an# #estro"s the h$!an i!!$ne s"ste!) This lea#s to a
on#ition >no6n as AIDS, 6here the 'o#" no lon%er has a f$ntionin%
i!!$ne s"ste! to 6ar# o: opport$nisti infetions an# !ali%nanies,
6hih $lti!atel" pro0e fatal)
'ntil A Cure Is (ound)
the onl% e*ectie preention is "+! to allo# the irus to enter
the bod%