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Logic Gate (AND, OR, XOR, NOT, Nand, Nor, and Xnor)

There are 7 basic logic gates: AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR. A logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital circuit that has 1-2 inputs and 1 output. The output represents a binary low (0) or high (1) value depending on the inputs and the type of logic gate. Common logic gates include AND (outputs 1 only if both inputs are 1), OR (outputs 1 if either or both inputs are 1), XOR (outputs 1 if the inputs are different but not both 1), and NOT (reverses the input value). More complex gates like NAND, NOR, and XNOR are combinations of these basic gates. Logic gates can be combined

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133 views

Logic Gate (AND, OR, XOR, NOT, Nand, Nor, and Xnor)

There are 7 basic logic gates: AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR. A logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital circuit that has 1-2 inputs and 1 output. The output represents a binary low (0) or high (1) value depending on the inputs and the type of logic gate. Common logic gates include AND (outputs 1 only if both inputs are 1), OR (outputs 1 if either or both inputs are 1), XOR (outputs 1 if the inputs are different but not both 1), and NOT (reverses the input value). More complex gates like NAND, NOR, and XNOR are combinations of these basic gates. Logic gates can be combined

Uploaded by

natrix029
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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logic gate (AND, OR, XOR, NOT,

NAND, NOR, and XNOR)



AND | OR | XOR | NOT | NAND | NOR |
XNOR

A logic gate is an elementary building
block of a digital circuit . Most logic
gates have to in!uts and one out!ut.
At any given moment" every terminal is
in one of the
to binary conditions low #$% or high #&%"
re!resented by different voltage levels.
The logic state of a terminal can" and
generally does" change often" as the
circuit !rocesses data. 'n most logic
gates" the lo state is a!!ro(imately
)ero volts #$ *%" hile the high state is
a!!ro(imately five volts !ositive #+, *%.
There are seven basic logic gates- AND"
OR" XOR" NOT" NAND" NOR" and
XNOR.

The AND gate is so named because" if $
is called .false. and & is called .true".
the gate acts in the same ay as the
logical .and. o!erator. The folloing
illustration and table sho the circuit
symbol and logic combinations for an
AND gate. #'n the symbol" the in!ut
terminals are at left and the out!ut
terminal is at right.% The out!ut is .true.
hen both in!uts are .true.. Otherise"
the out!ut is .false..
AND gate
Input 1 Input 2 Output
$ $ $
$ & $
& $ $
& & &

The OR gate gets its name from the fact
that it behaves after the fashion of the
logical inclusive .or.. The out!ut is .true.
if either or both of the in!uts are .true.. 'f
both in!uts are .false". then the out!ut is
.false..
OR gate
Input 1 Input 2 Output
$ $ $
$ & &
& $ &
& & &

The XOR # exclusive-OR % gate acts in
the same ay as the logical .either/or..
The out!ut is .true. if either" but not
both" of the in!uts are .true.. The out!ut
is .false. if both in!uts are .false. or if
both in!uts are .true.. Another ay of
looking at this circuit is to observe that
the out!ut is & if the in!uts are different"
but $ if the in!uts are the same.


XOR gate
Input 1 Input 2 Output
$ $ $
$ & &
& $ &
& & $

A logical inverter " sometimes called
a NOT gate to differentiate it from other
ty!es of electronic inverter devices" has
only one in!ut. 't reverses the logic
state.


Inverter or NOT gate
Input Output
& $
$ &

The NAND gate o!erates as an AND
gate folloed by a NOT gate. 't acts in
the manner of the logical o!eration
.and. folloed by negation. The out!ut
is .false. if both in!uts are .true..
Otherise" the out!ut is .true..
NAND gate
Input 1 Input 2 Output
$ $ &
$ & &
& $ &
& & $

The NOR gate is a combination OR gate
folloed by an inverter. 'ts out!ut is
.true. if both in!uts are .false..
Otherise" the out!ut is .false..
NOR gate
Input 1 Input 2 Output
$ $ &
$ & $
& $ $
& & $

The XNOR (exclusive-NOR) gate is a
combination XOR gate folloed by an
inverter. 'ts out!ut is .true. if the in!uts
are the same" and.false. if the in!uts are
different.
XNOR gate
Input 1 Input 2 Output
$ $ &
$ & $
& $ $
& & &
0sing combinations of logic gates"
com!le( o!erations can be !erformed.
'n theory" there is no limit to the number
of gates that can be arrayed together in
a single device. 1ut in !ractice" there is
a limit to the number of gates that can
be !acked into a given !hysical s!ace.
Arrays of logic gates are found in digital
integrated circuits #'2s%. As '2
technology advances" the re3uired
!hysical volume for each individual logic
gate decreases and digital devices of
the same or smaller si)e become
ca!able of !erforming ever4more4
com!licated o!erations at ever4
increasing s!eeds.

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