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DC Transmission and Distribution

This document summarizes DC transmission and distribution systems. It discusses: 1) DC transmission can convey power over long distances with high voltages through overhead lines strung between poles or underground cables. 2) A good transmission system aims to maintain voltage levels for consumers, minimize power losses, limit costs, and ensure high insulation resistance for safety. 3) While DC transmission was once common, AC power is now generated and most DC power comes from converting AC power using equipment like converters and motor-generator sets.

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Saoloan Naiborhu
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104 views3 pages

DC Transmission and Distribution

This document summarizes DC transmission and distribution systems. It discusses: 1) DC transmission can convey power over long distances with high voltages through overhead lines strung between poles or underground cables. 2) A good transmission system aims to maintain voltage levels for consumers, minimize power losses, limit costs, and ensure high insulation resistance for safety. 3) While DC transmission was once common, AC power is now generated and most DC power comes from converting AC power using equipment like converters and motor-generator sets.

Uploaded by

Saoloan Naiborhu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DC Transmission and Distribution

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DC Transmission and Distribution (on photo: Xiajiaba-Shanghai, Jingping-Sunan 800! DC
Transmission "roje#t$ %t has the highest &o'tage, 'argest transmission #apa#it(, 'ongest
transmission distan#e and the most ad&an#ed te#hni)ue a'' o&er the wor'd$*
Transmission and Distribution of D.C. Power
+( transmission and distribution o, e'e#tri# power is meant its #on&e(an#e ,rom the #entra'
station where it is generated to p'a#es, where it is demanded b( the #onsumers 'i-e mi''s,
,a#tories, residentia' and #ommer#ia' bui'dings, pumping stations et#$
Electric power may be transmitted by two methods.
.$ +( o&erhead s(stem or
/$ +( underground s(stem
0nderground s(stem is espe#ia''( suited ,or dense'( popu'ated areas though it is somewhat
#ost'ier than the ,irst method$ %n o&er-head s(stem, power is #on&e(ed b( bare #ondu#tors o,
#opper or a'uminium whi#h are strung between wooden or stee' po'es ere#ted at #on&enient
distan#es a'ong a route$ The bare #opper or a'uminium wire is ,i1ed to an insu'ator whi#h is itse',
,i1ed onto a #ross-arm on the po'e$
The number o, #ross-arms #arried b( a po'e depends on the number o, wires it has to #arr($ 2ine
supports #onsist o, (.* po'e stru#tures and (/* tower$
"o'es whi#h are made o, wood, rein,or#ed #on#rete or stee' are used up to 33 -! whereas stee'
towers are used ,or higher &o'tages$ The underground s(stem emp'o(s insu'ated #ab'es whi#h
ma( be sing'e, doub'e or trip'e-#ore et#$
A good system whether overhead or underground should fulfil the following requirements :
.$ The &o'tage at the #onsumer4s premises must be maintained within 5 6 or 5 37 o,
the de#'ared &o'tage, the a#tua' &a'ue depending on the t(pe o, 'oad8$
/$ The 'oss o, power in the s(stem itse', shou'd be a sma'' per#entage (about .07* o,
the power transmitted$
9$ The transmission #ost shou'd not be undu'( e1#essi&e$
6$ The ma1imum #urrent passing through the #ondu#tor shou'd be 'imited to su#h a &a'ue
as not to o&erheat the #ondu#tor or damage its insu'ation$
:$ The insu'ation resistan#e o, the who'e s(stem shou'd be &er( high so that there is no
undue 'ea-age or danger to human 'i,e$
It may, however, be mentioned here that these days all production of power is as a.c. power
and nearly all d.c. power is obtained from large a.c. power systems by using converting
machinery like synchronous or rotary converters, solid-state converters and motor-generator
sets etc.
There are man( sound reasons ,or produ#ing power in the ,orm o, a'ternating #urrent rather than
dire#t #urrent$
Typical power system
;igure . - T(pi#a' power s(stem ,or obtaining d$#$ power ,rom a$#$ power
igure ! shows a t(pi#a' power s(stem ,or obtaining d.c. power ,rom a.c. power$ <ther
detai's su#h as instruments, swit#hes and #ir#uit brea-ers et#$ ha&e been omitted$
Two !".# k$ alternators run in para''e' and supp'( power to the station bus-bars$ The &o'tage
is stepped up b( 9-phase trans,ormers to 33 -! ,or transmission purposes88 and is again stepped
down to .9$8 -! at the sub-station ,or distribution purposes$
igure ! shows on'( three methods #ommon'( used ,or #on&erting a$#$ power to d$#$ power at
the substation$

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