Agilent ADNS-2051

Optical Mouse Sensor

Data Sheet

Description
The ADNS-2051 is a low cost
optical sensor used to implement a
non-mechanical tracking engine for
computer mice.
It is based on optical navigation
technology, which measures
changes in position by optically
acquiring sequential surface images
(frames) and mathematically determining the direction and magnitude
of movement.
The sensor is housed in a 16-pin
staggered dual inline package (DIP)
that is designed for use with the
HDNS-2100 Lens and HDNS-2200
Clip and HLMP-ED80 (639 nm LED
illuminator source). There are no
moving parts, and precision optical
alignment is not required,
facilitating high volume assembly.
The output format is two channel
quadrature (X and Y direction)
which emulates encoder phototransistors. The current X and Y
information are also available in
registers accessed via a serial port.

Default resolution is specified as

400 counts per inch (cpi), with
rates of motion up to 14 inches
per second (ips).
Resolution can also be programmed to 800 cpi.
The part is programmed via a two
wire serial port, through registers.
Theory of Operation
The ADNS-2051 is based on
Optical Navigation Technology.
It contains an Image Acquisition
System (IAS), a Digital Signal
Processor (DSP), a two-channel
quadrature output, and a two wire
serial port.
The IAS acquires microscopic
surface images via the lens and
illumination system provided by
the HDNS-2100, 2200, and
HLMP-ED80 LED. These images
are processed by the DSP to
determine the direction and
distance of motion. The DSP
generates the x and y relative
displacement values that are
converted into two channel
quadrature signals.

Features
Precise optical navigation technology
No mechanical moving parts
Complete 2D motion sensor
Serial interface and/or
quadrature interface
Smooth surface navigation
Programmable frame speed up to
2300 frames per sec (fps)
Accurate motion up to 14 ips
800 cpi resolution
High reliability
High speed motion detector
No precision optical alignment
Wave solderable
Single 5.0 volt power supply
Shutdown pin for USB suspend
mode operation
Power conservation mode during
times of no movement
On chip LED drive with regulated
current
Serial port registers
Programming
Data transfer
16-pin staggered dual inline
package (DIP)
Applications
Mice for desktop PCs,
workstations, and portable PCs
Trackballs
Integrated input devices

Outline Drawing of ADNS-2051 Optical Mouse Sensor

Pinout
Pin

Pin

Description

SCLK

Serial port clock (input)

XA

XA quadrature output

XB

XB quadrature output

YB

YB quadrature output

YA

YA quadrature output

XY_LED

LED control

REFA

Internal reference

REFB

Internal reference

OSC_IN

Oscillator input

10

GND

System ground

11

OSC_OUT

Oscillator output

12

GND

System ground

13

VDD

5.0 volt power supply

14

R_BIN

LED current bin resistor

15

PD

Power down pin, active high

16

SDIO

Serial data (input and output)

SCLK

XA

XB

YB

YA

XY_LED

REFA

REFB

A2051
YYWW

16

SDIO

15

PD

14

R_BIN

13

VDD

12

GND

11

OSC_OUT

10

GND

OSC_IN

A2051

YYWW

Figure 1. Top view.

PIN 1

0.99
(0.039)

22.30
(0.878)

9.10
(0.358)

3.18
(0.125)

5.15
(0.203)
LEAD WIDTH

0.50
(0.020)

0.25
(0.010)

1.42
(0.056)

LEAD OFFSET 1.27

(0.050)

5 TYP.

KAPTON TAPE

6.17
(0.243)

2.54
LEAD PITCH
(0.100)

12.34
(0.486)
6.02
(0.237)
13.38
(0.527)

4.55
(0.179)

5.60
(0.220)

Figure 2. Package outline drawing.

0.80
(0.032)

NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS (INCHES).
2. DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCE: 0.1 mm.
3. COPLANARITY OF LEADS: 0.1 mm.
4. LEAD PITCH TOLERANCE: 0.15 mm.
5. CUMULATIVE PITCH TOLERANCE: 0.15 mm.
6. ANGULAR TOLERANCE: 3.0 DEGREES.
7. MAXIMUM FLASH + 0.2 mm.
8. CHAMFER (25 DEGREES x 2) ON THE TAPER SIDE OF THE LEAD.

Overview of Optical Mouse Sensor Assembly

2D Assembly Drawing of ADNS-2051
Figures 3 and 4, shown with
HDNS-2100, HDNS-2200, and
HLMP-ED80.

40.53
(1.596)
39.39
(1.551)
30.32
(1.194)

Agilent Technologies provides an

IGES file drawing describing the
base plate molding features for
lens and PCB alignment.
The components interlock as
they are mounted onto defined
features on the base plate.
The ADNS-2051 sensor is
designed for mounting on a
through hole PCB, looking down.
There is an aperture stop and
features on the package that
align to the lens (see Figure 3).

1.27
(0.050)

3.50
(1.38)

2.32
(0.091)

5.10
(0.201)

12.60
(0.498)

13.88
(0.546)

11.38
(0.448)

0 REF.
1.28
(0.050)

7.50
(0.295)

1.22
(0.048)

CLEAR ZONE
0 REF.

0.80 RECOMMENDED (16 PLACES)

(0.031)

DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS (INCHES)

The HDNS-2100 lens provides

optics for the imaging of the
surface as well as illumination of
the surface at the optimum angle.
Features on the lens align it to
the sensor, base plate, and clip
with the LED. The lens also has a
large round flange to provide a
long creepage path for any ESD
events that occur at the opening
of the base plate (see Figure 4).

Figure 3. Recommended PCB mechanical cutouts and spacing (top view).

TOP VIEW
44.29
(1.744)

+x

The HDNS-2200 clip holds the

LED in relation to the lens. The
LED must be inserted into the
clip and the LEDs leads formed
prior to loading on the PCB. The
clip interlocks the sensor to the
lens, and through the lens to the
alignment features on the base
plate.

19.10
(0.752)

+y
BASE PLATE
ESD LENS RING

SIDE VIEW
PLASTIC SPRING

The HLMP-ED80 LED is recommended for illumination. If used

with the bin table, sufficient illumination can be guaranteed.

14.58
(0.574)

13.82
(0.544)

10.58
(0.417)

7.45
(0.293)

SENSOR
PCB

DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS (INCHES).

Figure 4. 2D assembly drawing of ADNS-2051 (top and side view).

CLIP

BASE PLATE
ALIGNMENT POST

HDNS-2200 (CLIP)

HLMP-ED80 (LED)
ADNS-2051 (SENSOR)

CUSTOMER SUPPLIED PCB

HDNS-2100 (LENS)

CUSTOMER SUPPLIED BASE PLATE

WITH RECOMMENDED ALIGNMENT
FEATURES PER IGES DRAWING

Figure 5. Exploded view drawing.

PCB Assembly Considerations

1. Insert the sensor and all
other electrical components
into PCB.
2. Bend the LED leads 90 and
then insert the LED into the
assembly clip until the snap
feature locks the LED base.
3. Insert the LED/clip assembly
into PCB.
4. Wave Solder the entire assembly in a no-wash solder
process utilizing solder fixture. The solder fixture is
needed to protect the sensor
during the solder process.
The fixture should be designed to expose the sensor
leads to solder while shielding the optical aperture from
direct solder contact. The
solder fixture is also used to

set the reference height of

the sensor to the PCB top
during wave soldering (Note:
DO NOT remove the kapton
tape during wave soldering).
5. Place the lens onto the base
plate.
6. Remove the protective
kapton tape from optical
aperture of the sensor. Care
must be taken to keep contaminants from entering the
aperture. It is recommended
not to place the PCB facing
up during the entire mouse
assembly process. The PCB
should be held vertically
during the kapton removal
process.

7. Insert PCB assembly over the

lens onto the base plate aligning post to retain PCB assembly. The sensor aperture ring
should self-align to the lens.
8. The optical position reference for the PCB is set by the
base plate and lens. Note that
the PCB motion due to button
presses must be minimized to
maintain optical alignment.
9. Install mouse top case. There
MUST be a feature in the top
case to press down onto the
clip to ensure all components
are interlocked to the correct
vertical height.

SCLK

OSC_IN
SERIAL PORT

SERIAL PORT

OSCILLATOR

SDIO

YA
YB
R_BIN

LED

REFA

POWER ON
RESET

IMAGE
PROCESSOR

LED
DRIVE

VOLTAGE REGULATOR
AND POWER CONTROL

QUADRATURE
OUTPUTS

QUADRATURE
OUTPUT

XA
XB

RESONATOR
OSC_OUT

XY_LED

REFB

VOLTAGE
REFERENCE

PD
VDD
GND

5 VOLT
POWER

GND

Figure 6. Block diagram of ADNS-2051 optical mouse sensor.

Design Considerations for Improving

ESD Performance
The flange on the lens has been
designed to increase the creepage
and clearance distance for electrostatic discharge. The table on
the right shows typical values
assuming base plate construction
per the Agilent supplied IGES file
and HDNS-2100 lens flange.

Typical Distance
Creepage
Clearance

Millimeters
16.0
2.1

For improved ESD performance,

the lens flange can be sealed (i.e.
glued) to the base plate. Note that
the lens material is polycarbonate

and therefore, cyanoacrylatebased adhesives or other

adhesives that may damage the
lens should NOT be used.
The trimmed lens, HDNS2100#001, is not recommended
for corded applications due to the
ESD spec requirement.

SENSOR
CLIP

PCB

LENS/LIGHT PIPE

BASE PLATE

SURFACE

Figure 7. PCB assembly.

LED

Recommended Typical Application using SDIO Pins

0.1 F

4.7 F

13
VDD

0.1 F

VDD

13

D+

11
VDD
VPP
D+

1.3 k
GND
GND QA
SHLD
VDD

VDD

QB

VREG

5 P1.0
14

10

CYPRESS
CY7C63723A-PC

12 D-

D-

12

P1.1

Z-WHEEL
ENCODER

P0.5
P0.6
P0.7

R
P0.2
P0.0

15

P0.4 18

P0.1

16

17

PD

OSC_IN

SDIO

ADNS
2051

REFA

R_BIN

M
R
BUTTONS

XA
2

XB
3

VSS 6
XTALOUT

CERAMIC RESONATOR
11

XTALIN

YB
4

YA
5

AVX
MURATA

KBR-18-00-MSA
CSALS18M0X55-B0

7
0.1 F

REFB

Z LED

SCLK

18 MHz

OSC_OUT

16
15

HLMP-ED80

SURFACE
GND
XY_LED

P0.3

GND

HDNS-2100
LENS

INTERNAL
IMAGE
SENSOR

2.2 F

8
14

R1

R1 VALUE
(k)

LED
BIN

15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0 ~ 18.0
15.0 ~ 22.0
15.0 ~ 27.0
15.0 ~ 33.0
15.0 ~ 37.0

K
L
M
N
P
Q
R
S
T
U

Figure 8. Application using SDIO pins.

Notes on Bypass Capacitors:

Caps for pins 7, 8 and 12, 13
MUST have trace lengths LESS
than 5 mm.
The 0.1 F caps must be
ceramic.
Caps should have less than
5 nH of self inductance
Caps should have less than
0.2 ESR
Surface mount parts are
recommended.

Regulatory Requirements
Passes FCC B and worldwide
analogous emission limits
when assembled into a mouse
with unshielded cable and following Agilent recommendations.
Passes EN61000-4-4/IEC801-4
EFT tests when assembled into
a mouse with unshielded cable
and following Agilent recommendations.
UL flammability level UL94 V-0.
Provides sufficient ESD creepage/clearance distance to avoid

discharge up to 15 kV when
assembled into a mouse according to usage instructions
above.
For eye safety consideration,
please refer to the technical
report available on the web site,
http://www.agilent.com
The 15.0 k resistor is determined by the absolute maximum rating of 50 mA for the
HLMP-ED80. The other resistor values for brighter bins will
guarantee good signals with
reduced power.

Alternative Application using Quadrature Output Pins

4.7 F
1.5 M
9

12
VDD

10

CYPRESS
CY7C63001A-PC

VDD
14

10

GND
SHLD

16

15

15

P0.3

6 MHz

P1.1
11
6

M
19
R
L

P0.1 2

P0.2

XTALIN

20

XTALOUT

P1.3

P1.2

P1.0

P0.5

P0.6 17

P0.4

P0.7 18

BUTTONS

GND

HDNS-2100
LENS

INTERNAL
IMAGE
SENSOR

VSS VPP
7
8

XA

OSC_IN

6
9

ADNS-2051

XB

OSC_OUT
YB
REFA

11

CERAMIC RESONATOR
18 MHz AVX
KBR-18-00-MSA
MURATA CSALS18M0X55-B0

YA

0.1 F

PD

REFB

SCLK

R_BIN

2.2 F

8
14

16 SDIO

HLMP-ED80

SURFACE
GND
XY_LED

P0.0

D+

13 D

13
VDD
12

CEXT

0.33 F

D+

0.1 F

R1

PANASONIC
EVQ SERIES ENCODER

R1 VALUE
(k)

LED
BIN

15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0 ~ 18.0
15.0 ~ 22.0
15.0 ~ 27.0
15.0 ~ 33.0
15.0 ~ 37.0

K
L
M
N
P
Q
R
S
T
U

Z-WHEEL
D- RESISTOR CONNECTION

1.5 k

ALTERNATIVE D- RESISTOR CONNECTION

7.5 k

3.3 V REGULATOR
LP2950AC
Z-3.3

Figure 9. Application using quadrature output pins.

Notes on Bypass Capacitors:

Caps for pins 7, 8 and 12, 13 MUST have trace lengths LESS than
5 mm.
The 0.1 F caps must be ceramic.
Caps should have less than 5 nH of self inductance
Caps should have less than 0.2 ESR
Surface mount parts are recommended.
SDIO and SCLK pins should be grounded if not used.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Storage Temperature
Operating Temperature
Lead Solder Temperature

Symbol
TS
TA

Supply Voltage
ESD

VDD

Input Voltage

VIN

Input Voltage

VIN

Min.
40
15

Max.
85
55
260

Units
C
C
C

5.5
2

V
kV

0.5

VDD + 0.5

0.5

3.6

0.5

Notes

For 10 seconds, 1.6 mm below seating

plane.
All pins, human body model MIL 883
Method 3015
PD, SDIO, SCLK, XA, XB, YA, YB, XY_LED,
R_BIN
OSC_IN, OSC_OUT, REF_A

Recommended Operating Conditions

Symbol
TA
VDD

Power Supply Rise Time

Supply Noise

VRT
VN

Clock Frequency
Serial Port Clock Frequency
Resonator Impendance
Distance from Lens Reference
Plane to Surface
Speed
Acceleration
Light Level onto IC

fCLK
SCLK
XRES
Z

SDIO Read Hold Time

tHOLD

80
100
100

SDIO Serial Write-Write Time

tSWW

100

SDIO Serial Write-Read Time

tSWR

100

SDIO Serial Read-Write Time

tSRW

120

SDIO Serial Read-Read Time

tSRR

120

Data Delay after PD

tCOMPUTE

3.2

SDIO Write Setup Time

tSETUP

60

PD Pulse Width
(to power down the chip)

tPDW

700

PD Pulse Width
(to reset the serial port)

tPDR

100

Frame Rate

FR

Bin Resistor

R1

S
A
IRRINC

Min.
0
4.25

Typ.
5.0

17.4

18.0

2.3

2.4

Max.
40
5.5

Units
C
volts

100
100

ms
mV

18.7
fCLK/4
55
2.5

MHz
MHz

mm

14
0.15
25,000
30,000

Notes
Register values retained for
voltage transients below
4.25 V but greater than 4 V.
Peak to peak within
0-100 MHz.
Set by ceramic resonator.

Results in 0.2 mm DOF.

(See Figure 10.)
in/sec
@ frame rate = 1500/second.
g
@ frame rate = 1500/second.
mW/m2 = 639 nm
= 875 nm
s
Hold time for valid data.
(Refer to Figure 28.)
s
Time between two write
commands. (Refer to Figure 31.)
s
Time between write and read
operation. (Refer to Figure 32.)
ns
Time between read and write
operation. (Refer to Figure 33.)
ns
Time between two read
commands. (Refer to Figure 33.)
ms
After tCOMPUTE, all registers
contain data from first image
after PD . Note that an additional 75 frames for AGC (shutter)
stabilization may be required if
mouse movement occurred
while PD was high. (Refer to
Figure 12.)
ns
Data valid time before the rising
of SCLK. (Refer to Figure 26.)
s
Pulse width to initiate the power
down cycle @ 1500 fps. (Refer
to Figure 12 and Figure 14.)
s
Pulse width to reset the serial
port @ 1500 fps (but may also
initiate a power down cycle.
Normal PD recovery sequence
to be followed. (Refer to
Figure 15.)
frames/s See Frame_Period register
section.

Refer to Figure 8.

Parameter
Operating Temperature
Power Supply Voltage

1500
15 K

15 K

37 K

ADNS-2051

HDNS-2100

OBJECT SURFACE

Figure 10. Distance from lens reference plane to surface.

AC Electrical Specifications
Electrical Characteristics over recommended operating conditions. Typical values at 25C, VDD = 5.0 V, 1500 fps, 18 MHz.

Rise and Fall Times:

SDIO

XA, XB, YA, YB

ILED

Max.

Units
s

tPUPD

50

ms

tPU

30

ms

tr

30

ns

tf

16

ns

tr

50

ns

tf

20

ns

tr

40

ns

tf

200

ns

Serial Port Transaction Timer

tSPTT

Transient Supply Current

IDDT

Typ.
700

0.7

0.9

1.0

20

37

mA

Notes
From PD
Time uncertainty due to firmware delay. (Refer to Figure 12.)
From PD to valid quad signals
705 sec + 75 frames. (Refer to
Figure 12.)
From VDD to valid quad
signals
705 sec + 40 frames
CL = 30 pF (the rise time is
between 10% and 90%)
CL = 30 pF (the fall time is
between 10% and 90%)
CL = 30 pF (the rise time is
between 10% and 90%)
CL = 30 pF (the fall time is
between 10% and 90%)
With HLMP-ED80 LED (the rise
time is between 10% and 90%)
With HLMP-ED80 LED (the fall
time is between 10% and 90%)
Serial port will reset if current
transaction is not complete
within tSPTT. (Refer to Figure 36.)
Max. supply current during a
VDD ramp from 0 to 5.0 V with
> 500 s rise time. Does not
include charging current for
bypass capacitors.

Power Up from VDD

Min.

Power Up from PD

Symbol
tPD

Parameter
Power Down

DC Electrical Specifications
Electrical Characteristics over recommended operating conditions. Typical values at 25C, VDD = 5.0 V, 18 MHz.
Parameter
DC Supply Current
(mouse moving)

Symbol
IDD AVG

Peak Supply Current

(mouse moving)

IDD PEAK

20

DC Supply Current
(mouse not moving)

IDD

12

25

mA

DC Supply Current
(power down)
SCLK, SDIO, PD
Input Low Voltage
Input High Voltage
Output Low Voltage
Output High Voltage
Output Low Voltage
(XA, XB, YA, YB)
Output High Voltage
(XA, XB, YA, YB)
Output Low Voltage
(XY_LED)
XY LED Current

IDDPD

170

240

0.8

V
V
V
V
V

@ IOL = 2 mA (SDIO only)

@ IOH = 2 mA (SDIO only)
@ IOL = 0.5 mA.

@ IOH = 0.5 mA .

Refer to Figure 11.

VIL
VIH
VOL
VOH
VOL

Min.

Typ.
15

Max.
25

Units
mA

mA

0.5 * VDD
0.7
0.6 * VDD
0.4

VOH

0.6 * VDD

VOL

1.1

ILED

Typ15% 630/R1

Typ + 15% A

ILED
VREFA

3.3

REF_A (power down mode)

VREFA

3.3

500

NORMALIZED ILED %

R1 Value
LED current (typical)

80
60

40

20
R = 15 k
R = 30 k
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

VOL (V)

Figure 11. Typical I-V characteristic of

ADNS-2051 XY_LED pin.

10

1.5 K to 3.0 V or GND,

PD = low.
1.5 K to 3.0 V or GND,
PD = high.

Typical LED Current Table

100

Refer to Figure 11, see table

below.
R1 < 200 .

XY LED Current
(fault mode)
REF_A (normal mode)

Notes
No load on XA, XB, YA, YB,
SCLK, SDIO. Excluding LED
current.
No load on XA, XB, YA, YB,
SCLK, SDIO. Excluding LED
current.
No load on XA, XB, YA, YB,
SCLK, SDIO. Excluding LED
current.
PD = high; SCLK, SDIO = GND
or VDD; V DD = 4.25 V to 5.25 V.

3.5

k
mA

15
42

18
35

22
29

27
23

33
19

37
17

PD Pin Timing
PD

IDD
75 FRAMES
tpd

705 s
tpupd
tCOMPUTE (SEE FIGURE 15)

Figure 12. PD timing normal mode.

PD

I LED

PD
tPDW

SCLK

700 s
REGISTER
READ OPERATION

tCOMPUTE

(POWER DOWN)

Figure 13. PD timing sleep mode.

Figure 14. PD minimum pulse width.

PD
OSCILLATOR
START
250 s

RESET
COUNT

INITIALIZATION

455 s

NEW ACQUISITION
2410 s

LED
CURRENT

SCLK
705 s

OPTIONAL SPI TRANSACTIONS

WITH OLD IMAGE DATA

SPI TRANSACTIONS
WITH NEW IMAGE DATA
tCOMPUTE

AT DEFAULT FRAME RATE

Figure 15. Detail of PD falling edge timing.

Quadrature Mode Timing

The output waveforms emulate
the output from encoders. With
the resolution set to 400 cpi,
from one to five quadrature states
can exist within one frame time.
The minimum state time is
133 s. If the resolution is
11

800 cpi, then up to ten quadrature states can exist within a

frame time. If the motion within
a frame is greater than these
values, the extra motion will be
reported in the next frame. The
following diagrams (see Figures
16, 17, and 18) show the timing

for positive X motion, to the right

or positive Y motion, up. If a
power down via the PD pin occurs during a transfer, the transfer will resume after PD is
de-asserted. The timing for that
quadrature state will be increased
by the length of the PD time.

X MOTION TO THE RIGHT

Y MOTION UP
XA/YA
FIVE OR MORE

133 s

133 s

133 s

133 s

133 s

133 s

133 s

133 s

133 s

133 s

XB/YB

XA/YA
FOUR

267 s

XB/YB

XA/YA
THREE

400 s

XB/YB

XA/YA
TWO

133 s

533 s

XB/YB

XA/YA
ONE

667 s
XB/YB

~ 667s @ 1500 FRAMES/SECOND

ONE FRAME

Figure 16. Quadrature states per frame (400 cpi mode).

12

X MOTION TO THE RIGHT

Y MOTION UP

XA/YA
TEN OR MORE

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

XB/YB

XA/YA
NINE

133 s

XB/YB

XA/YA
EIGHT

200 s

XB/YB

XA/YA
SEVEN

266 s

XB/YB

XA/YA
SIX
XB/YB

~ 667s @ 1500 FRAMES/SECOND

ONE FRAME

Figure 17. Quadrature states per frame (800 cpi mode).

13

333 s

X MOTION TO THE RIGHT

Y MOTION UP
XA/YA
FIVE

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

66.7 s

400 s

XB/YB

XA/YA
FOUR

476 s

XB/YB

XA/YA
THREE
XB/YB

XA/YA
TWO

66.7 s
XB/YB

XA/YA
ONE
XB/YB

~ 667s @ 1500 FRAMES/SECOND

ONE FRAME

Figure 18. Quadrature states per frame (800 cpi mode).

14

Quadrature State Machine

The following state machine
shows the states of the quadrature pins. The two things to note
are that while the PD pin is asserted, the state machine is
halted. Once PD is de-asserted,
the state machine picks up from
where it left off. State 0 is entered after a power up reset.

PD

PD

+1
STATE 0

STATE 2
-1
STATE

+1

-1

-1

+1

PD

A
0
0
1
1

0
1
2
3

-1
STATE 1

X AND Y
OUTPUT
B
0
1
0
1

STATE 3
+1

PD

Figure 19. Quadrature state machine.

Quadrature Output Waveform

The two channel quadrature outputs are 5.0 volt CMOS outputs.
The x count is used to generate
the XA and XB signals, and y
count is used for the YA and YB
signals.

YA

XA

DOWN MOTION
(- DIRECTION)

LEFT MOTION
(-DIRECTION)
XB

YB
-1

-1

-1

-1

MOTION COUNT

-1

-1

-1

-1

MOTION COUNT

YA

XA
RIGHT MOTION
(+ DIRECTION)
XB

UP MOTION
(+ DIRECTION)
YB

+1

+1

+1

+1

Figure 20. Quadrature output waveform.

15

MOTION COUNT

-1

-1

-1

-1

MOTION COUNT

Typical Performance Characteristics

Performance characteristics over recommended operating conditions. Typical values at 25C, VDD = 5.0 V, 18 MHz.
Parameter
Path Error (Deviation)

Symbol
PERROR

Min.

Typ.
0.5

Max.

Units
%

Notes
Path Error (Deviation) is the error from the
ideal cursor path. It is expressed as a
percentage of total travel and is measured
over standard surfaces.

The following graphs (Figures 21, 22, 23, and 24) are the typical performance of the ADNS-2051 sensor,
assembled as shown in the 2D assembly drawing with the HDNS-2100 Lens/Prism, the HDNS-2200 clip, and the
HLMP-ED80 LED (page 3, Figure 4).
TYPICAL RESOLUTION vs. HEIGHT

1.0

450

0.9

400

0.8

350
300
250
200
150
100

DOF
DOF
RECOMMENDED
OPERATING
REGION
WHITE PAPER
MANILA FOLDER

RELATIVE RESPONSE

COUNTS PER INCH

500

0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3

50

BURL FORMICA

0.2

DARK WALNUT

0.1

BLACK COPY

0
400

-50
1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5

Figure 21. Typical resolution vs. Z (comparative surfaces).[2,3]

600

700

800

900

1000

Figure 22. Wavelength responsitivity.[1]

TYPICAL RESOLUTION vs. HEIGHT

AT DIFFERENT LED CURRENT LEVELS
[BRIGHTNESS] (MANILA FOLDER)
450

TYPICAL RESOLUTION vs. HEIGHT

AT DIFFERENT LED CURRENT LEVELS
[BRIGHTNESS] (BLACK COPY)
450

400

400
Z

300
250
200

DOF
DOF

RECOMMENDED
OPERATING
REGION

150
100
50

100%
75%
50%

0
1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5
HEIGHT mm (2.4 = NOMINAL FOCUS)

Figure 23. Typical resolution vs. z (manila

folder and LED variation).[2,3]

350
COUNTS PER INCH

350
COUNTS PER INCH

500

WAVELENGTH (nm)

HEIGHT mm (2.4 = NOMINAL FOCUS)

300
250
200
150

Z
DOF
DOF

100
50
0

RECOMMENDED
OPERATING
REGION

-50
1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5
HEIGHT mm (2.4 = NOMINAL FOCUS)

Figure 24. Typical resolution vs. z (black copy

and LED variation).[2,3]

Note:
1. The ADNS-2051 is designed for optimal performance when used with the HLMP-ED80 (red LED 639
nm). For use with other LED colors (i.e., blue, green), please consult factory. When using alternate
LEDs, there may also be performance degradation and additional eye safety considerations.
2. Z = Distance from Lens Reference plane to Surface.
3. DOF = Depth of Field.

16

100%
75%
50%

Synchronous Serial Port

The synchronous serial port is
used to set and read parameters
in the ADNS-2051, and can be
used to read out the motion information instead of the quadrature
data pins.

SDIO:

The data line.

PD:

A third line is sometimes

involved. PD (Power
Down) is usually used to
place the ADNS-2051 in
a low power mode to
meet USB suspend specification. PD can also be
used to force re-synchronization between the
micro-controller and the
ADNS-2051 in case of an
error.

The port is a two wire, half duplex

port. The host micro-controller
always initiates communication;
the ADNS-2051 never initiates
data transfers.

SCLK
CYCLE #

Write Operation
Write operations, where data is
going from the micro-controller
to the ADNS-2051, is always initiated by the micro-controller and
consists of two bytes. The first
byte contains the address (seven
bits) and has a 1 as its MSB to
indicate data direction. The second byte contains the data. The
transfer is synchronized by SCLK.
The micro-controller changes
SDIO on falling edges of SCLK.
The ADNS-2051 reads SDIO on
rising edges of SCLK.

SCLK: The serial port clock. It

is always generated by
the master (the microcontroller).

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

A6

A5

A4

A3

A2

A1

A0

D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

SCLK

SDIO

SDIO DRIVEN BY MICRO-CONTROLLER

Figure 25. Write operation.

120 ns 120 ns

SCLK

SDIO
120 ns, MIN.
tsetup = 60 ns, MIN.

Figure 26. SDIO setup and hold times

SCLK pulse width.

17

DON'T
CARE

Read Operation
A read operation, which means
that data is going from the
ADNS-2051 to the microcontroller, is always initiated by
the micro-controller and consists
of two bytes. The first byte
contains the address, is written
by the micro-controller, and has a
0 as its MSB to indicate data

SCLK
CYCLE #

direction. The second byte contains the data and is driven by the
ADNS-2051. The transfer is synchronized by SCLK. SDIO is
changed on falling edges of SCLK
and read on every rising edge of
SCLK. The micro-controller must
go to a high Z state after the last
address data bit. The ADNS-2051
will go to the high Z state after

A6

A5

A4

A3

A2

A1

the last data bit (see detail B

in Figure 28). One other thing
to note during a read operation
is that SCLK will need to be
delayed after the last address
data bit to ensure that the
ADNS-2051 has at least 100 s to
prepare the requested data. This
is shown in the timing
diagrams below.

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

SCLK
SDIO

A0

SDIO DRIVEN BY MICRO-CONTROLLER

SDIO DRIVEN BY ADNS-2051

DETAIL "A"

DETAIL "B"

Figure 27. Read operation.

120 ns, MAX.

tHOLD
100 s, MIN.

DETAIL "A"

SCLK
MICROCONTROLLER
TO ADNS-2051
SDIO HANDOFF

60 ns, MIN.
SDIO

A1

120 ns, MAX.

0 ns, MIN.
A0
120 ns, MIN.

Hi-Z

D7

D6

0 ns, MIN.

Figure 28. Microcontroller to ADNS-2051 SDIO handoff.

DETAIL "B"

120 ns, MIN.

SCLK

ADNS-2051 TO
MICROCONTROLLER
SDIO HANDOFF

10 ns, MAX.
SDIO

D0

RELEASED BY 2051

R/W BIT OF NEXT ADDRESS

DRIVEN BY MICRO

Figure 29. ADNS-2051 to microcontroller SDIO handoff.

Note:
The 120 ns high state of SCLK is the minimum data hold time of the ADNS-2051. Since the falling edge of SCLK
is actually the start of the next read or write command, the ADNS-2051 will hold the state of D0 on the SDIO line
until the falling edge of SCLK. In both write and read operations, SCLK is driven by the micro-controller.
Serial port communications is not allowed while PD (power down) is high. See Error Detection and
Recovery regarding re-synchronizing via PD.
18

Forcing the SDIO Line to the

Hi-Z State
There are times when the SDIO
line from the ADNS-2051 should
be in the Hi-Z state. If the microprocessor has completed a write
to the ADNS-2051, the SDIO line
is Hi-Z, since the SDIO pin is still
configured as an input. However,
if the last operation from the
microprocessor was a read, the
ADNS-2051 will hold the D0 state
on SDIO until a falling edge of
SCLK.

To place the SDIO pin into the

Hi-Z state, raise the PD pin for
100 s (min). The PD pin can
stay high, with the ADNS-2051 in
the shutdown state, or the PD pin
can be lowered, returning the
ADNS-2051 to normal operation.
The SDIO line will now be in the
Hi-Z state.

100 s

PD

Hi-Z

SDIO

Figure 30. SDIO Hi-Z state and timing.

Required timing between Read

and Write Commands (tsxx)
There are minimum timing
requirements between read and
write commands on the serial
port.
tSWW >100 s

If the rising edge of the SCLK for

the last data bit of the second
write command occurs before the
100 microsecond required delay,
then the first write command may
not complete correctly.

SCLK
ADDRESS

DATA

WRITE OPERATION

ADDRESS

DATA

WRITE OPERATION

Figure 31. Timing between two write commands.

tSWR >100 s

If the rising edge of SCLK for the

last address bit of the read
command occurs before the 100
microsecond required delay, then
the write command may not
complete correctly.

SCLK
ADDRESS

DATA

WRITE OPERATION

Figure 32. Timing between write and read commands.

19

ADDRESS
NEXT READ OPERATION

The falling edge of SCLK for the

first address bit of either the read
or write command must be at
least 120 ns after the last SCLK
rising edge of the last data bit of
the previous read operation.

tHOLD >100 s

tSRW, tSRR >120 s

SCLK
ADDRESS

DATA

ADDRESS

READ OPERATION

Figure 33. Timing between read and either write or subsequent read commands.

SCLK
DATA
PD
>1 s

Figure 34. Timing between SCLK and PD rising edge.

20

NEXT READ
OR WRITE OPERATION

Error Detection and Recovery

1. The ADNS-2051 and the
micro-controller might get
out of synchronization due to
ESD events, power supply
droops or micro-controller
firmware flaws. In such a
case, the micro-controller
should raise PD for 100 s.
The ADNS-2051 will reset the
serial port but will not reset
the registers and be prepared
for the beginning of a new
transmission.
2. The ADNS-2051 has a transaction timer for the serial port.
If the sixteenth SCLK rising
edge is spaced more than
approximately 0.9 seconds
from the first SCLK edge of the
current transaction, the serial
port will reset.
3. Invalid addresses:
Writing to an invalid
address will have no effect.
Reading from an invalid
address will return all zeros.
4. Collision detection on SDIO
The only time that the
ADNS-2051 drives the SDIO
line is during a READ
operation. To avoid data
collisions, the microcontroller should relinquish
SDIO before the falling edge
of SCLK after the last

address bit. The

ADNS-2051 begins to drive
SDIO after the next rising
edge of SCLK. The
ADNS-2051 relinquishes
SDIO within 120 ns of the
falling SCLK edge after the
last data bit. The microcontroller can begin driving
SDIO any time after that. In
order to maintain low power
consumption in normal
operation or when the PD
pin is pulled high, the
micro-controller should not
leave SDIO floating until the
next transmission (although
that will not cause any
communication difficulties).

nothing else) and be prepared

for the beginning of future
transmissions after PD goes
low.
7. The micro-controller can verify
success of write operations by
issuing a read command to the
same address and comparing
written data to read data.
8. The micro-controller can verify
the synchronization of the
serial port by periodically
reading the product ID
register.

5. In case of synchronization
failure, both the ADNS-2051
and the micro-controller may
drive SDIO. The ADNS-2051
can withstand 30 mA of short
circuit current and will withstand infinite duration short
circuit conditions.

Notes on Power up and the Serial

Port
The sequence in which VDD, PD,
SCLK, and SDIO are set during
powerup can affect the operation
of the serial port. The diagram
below shows what can happen
shortly after powerup when the
microprocessor tries to read data
from the serial port.

6. Termination of a transmission
by the micro-controller may
sometimes be required (for
example, due to a USB suspend interrupt during a read
operation). To accomplish this
the micro-controller should
raise PD. The ADNS-2051 will
not write to any register and
will reset the serial port (but

This diagram shows the VDD rising to valid levels, at some point
the microcontroller starts its program, sets the SCLK and SDIO
lines to be outputs, and sets them
high. It then waits to ensure that
the ADNS-2051 has powered up
and is ready to communicate. The
microprocessor then tries to read
from location 0x00, Product_ID,

VDD

PD

SCLK
ADDRESS = 0x00
SDIO

PROBLEM AREA

Figure 35. Power up serial port watchdog timer sequence.

21

DATA = 0x02

and is expecting a value of 0x02.

If it receives this value, it then
knows that the communication to
the ADNS-2051 is operational.
The problem occurs if the
ADNS-2051 powers up before the
microprocessor sets the SCLK
and SDIO lines to be outputs and
high. The ADNS-2051 sees the
raising of the SCLK as a valid
rising edge, and clocks in the
state of the SDIO as the first bit
of the address (sets either a read
or a write depending upon the
state).
In the case of SDIO low, then a
read operation has started. When
the microprocessor begins to
actually send the address, the
ADNS-2051 already has the first
bit of an address. When the seventh bit is sent by the micro, the
ADNS-2051 has a valid address,
and drives the SDIO line high
within 120 ns (see detail A in
Figure 27 and Figure 28). This
results in a bus fight for SDIO.
Since the address is wrong, the
data sent back will be incorrect.

1. Serial Port Watchdog Timer

Timeout
VDD
> tSPTT
PD

SCLK
ADDRESS = 0x00

DATA = 0x02

SDIO

Figure 36. Power up serial port watchdog timer sequence.

If the microprocessor waits at

least t SPTT from VDD valid, it will
ensure that the ADNS-2051 has
powered up and the watchdog
timer has timed out. This
assumes that the microprocessor
and the ADNS-2051 share the
same power supply. If not, then
the microprocessor must wait
tSPTT from ADNS-2051 VDD
valid. Then when the SCLK
toggles for the address, the
ADNS-2051 will be in sync with
the microprocessor.
2. PD Sync
4 ms

In the case of SDIO high, a write

operation is started. The address
and data are out of synchronization, and the wrong data will be
written to the wrong address.

VDD

PD

SCLK

Two Solutions
There are two different ways to
solve the problem, waiting for the
serial port watchdog timer to
time out, or using the PD line to
reset the serial port.

ADDRESS = 0x00

Figure 37. Power up serial port PD sync sequence.

The PD line can be used to resync

the serial port. If the microprocessor waits for 4 ms from V DD
valid, and then outputs a valid PD
pulse (see Figure 15), then the
serial port will be ready for data.

22

DATA = 0x02

SDIO

Resync Note
If the microprocessor and the
ADNS-2051 get out of sync, then
the data either written or read
from the registers will be incorrect. An easy way to solve this is
to output a PD pulse to resync
the parts after an incorrect read.

SPI communication code for the Cypress CY7C63000 or CY7C63001

(Please consult factory for the CY7C63722 or CY7C63723 codes)
The following code can be used to implement the SPI data communications. See the schematic in Figure 9.
;
;
;
;
;
;

Notes:

CY7C63001 20pin package

ADNS-2051
SDIO line connected to pin5 (P1.0)
PD connected to pin 16 (P1.1)
SCLK line connected to pin15 (P1.3)

; I/O port
Port1_Data:
equ
Port1_Interrupt: equ
Port1_Pullup:
equ

01h
05h
09h

;
; Port bit definitions
SDIO:
equ 01h
PD:
equ 02h
SCLK:
equ 08h
Pt1_Current:
equ 00h
;
; GPIO Isink registers
Port1_Isink:
equ 38h
Port1_Isink0:
equ 38h
Port1_Isink1:
equ 39h
Port1_Isink3:
equ 3Bh
;
;
; data memory variables
spi_addr:
equ 40h
spi_data:
equ 41h
bit_counter:
equ 44h
port1_wrote:
equ 45h
;
;
;
;

;
;
;
;

bit 0
bit 1
bit 3
port1 current setting

;
;
;
;

address
data of
SPI bit
what we

mov A, Pt1_Current
iowr Port1_Isink0
iowr Port1_Isink1
iowr Port1_Isink3

;
;
;
;

select DAC setting

isink current Port 1 bit[0]
isink current Port 1 bit[1]
isink current Port 1 bit[3]

mov A, 0h
iowr Port1_Pullup

; enable Port 1 bit [7:0] pullups

mov A, ~(PD|SDIO)
mov [port1_wrote], A
mov A, [port1_wrote]
iowr Port1_Data

; turn on the ADNS-2051

There are possible

instructionsbefore
It is assumed that
These instructions

Resync_sensor:

23

of spi writes
spi writes
counter
wrote last

initialize Port 1

mov A, 0
iowr Port1_Interrupt
;
;
;
;

; GPIO data port 1

; Interrupt enable for port 1
; Pullup resistor control for port 1

; PD low, SCLK, SDIO

; disable port 1 interrupts

problems with the SPI port if the microcontroller starts executing

the ADNS-2051 sensor has powered up. See page 18 for details.
power to the microcontroller is OK if the next instructions can be executed.
will reset the SPI port of the sensor.

mov A,~(SCLK|SDIO|PD) ; set the SCLK, SDIO and PD lines low

and [port1_wrote], A
mov A, [port1_wrote]
iowr Port1_Data

; If the power to the sensor needs more time

; to stabilize, insert a delay here
call
call
call
call
call
call

;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;

delay700us
delay700us
delay700us
delay700us
delay700us
delay700us

mov A, (SCLK|SDIO|PD
or [port1_wrote], A
mov A, [port1_wrote]
iowr Port1_Data

; set the SCLK, SDIO and PD lines high

; this shuts down the oscillator and
; resets the SPI port

call delay700us

; wait for the PD to reset the part

mov A, ~PD
and [port1_wrote], A
mov A, [port1_wrote]
iowr Port1_Data

; set the PD line low to put the sensor

; back into normal operation

call
call
call
call
call
call

; wait about 4 milliseconds for the sensor

; oscillator to stabilize

delay700us
delay700us
delay700us
delay700us
delay700us
delay700us

; sensor SPI port now in sync

ReadSPI routine
Includes delays for long traces or cables between the uP and ADNS-2051
Has correct timing of SCLK and SDIO
On entry:
spi_addr = Address of SPI register in the ADNS-2051
spi_data = undefined
On exit
spi_addr = undefined
spi_data = register contents from ADNS-2051

ReadSPI:
Waitrspi:

mov
mov
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
dec
jnz

A, 64
[bit_counter], A

Waitrspi2:

mov
mov
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
dec
jnz

; wait 200us (optional)

; (about 3us per loop)

[bit_counter]
Waitrspi

mov A,~80h
and [spi_addr], A
call writeaddr

24

; wait about 4 milliseconds for the sensor

; oscillator to stabilize

A,64
[bit_counter], A

[bit_counter]
Waitrspi2

; read address
; lower MSB of address (read)
; wait 200us (about 3us per loop)(100us minimum required)
; wait for data to be ready

nextr:

rd1:
rdx:

;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;

mov A, 0h
mov [spi_data], A
mov A, 08h
mov [bit_counter], A
mov A, SDIO
or [port1_wrote], A
mov A, [port1_wrote]
iowr Port1_Data
mov A, ~SCLK
and [port1_wrote], A
mov A, [port1_wrote]
iowr Port1_Data
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
mov A,[spi_data]
asl
mov [spi_data], A
iord Port1_Data
and A, SDIO
jz rdx
mov A, 01h
or [spi_data], A
mov A, SCLK
or [port1_wrote], A
mov A, [port1_wrote]
iowr Port1_Data
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
dec [bit_counter]
jnz nextr
ret

; write a 1 to SDIO
; lower SCLK

;
;
;
;
;

wait for cable to settle

if ADNS-2051 is connected to
IC via short PCB traces,
then the number of NOPs can
reduced or eliminated

; shift next bit

; shift next bit
; read SDIO

; raise SCLK

; wait for cable to settle

WriteSPI routine
Includes delays for long traces or cables between the uP and ADNS-2051.
Has correct timing of SCLK and SDIO
On entry:
spi_addr = Address of SPI register in the ADNS-2051
spi_data = Data to be written to the SPI register
On exit
spi_addr = undefined
spi_data = undefined

WriteSPI:
Waitspi:

mov
mov
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
dec
jnz

A, 64
[bit_counter], A

; wait 200us (optional)

; about 3us per loop

[bit_counter]
Waitspi

mov A, 80h
or [spi_addr], A

25

; clear the data

; write address
; set MSB of address (write)

call writeaddr
jmp wrdata
writeaddr:
nexta:

addr1:
addr0:
addrx:

wrdata:
nextw:

wr1:
wr0:
wrx:

26

mov A, 08h
mov [bit_counter], A
mov A, ~SCLK
and [port1_wrote], A
mov A, [port1_wrote]
iowr Port1_Data
mov A, [spi_addr]
asl
mov [spi_addr], A
jnc addr0
mov A, SDIO
or [port1_wrote], A
jmp addrx
mov A, ~SDIO
and [port1_wrote], A
mov A, [port1_wrote]
iowr Port1_Data
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
mov A, SCLK
or [port1_wrote], A
mov A, [port1_wrote]
iowr Port1_Data
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
dec [bit_counter]
jnz nexta
ret
mov A, 08h
mov [bit_counter], A
mov A, ~SCLK
and [port1_wrote], A
mov A, [port1_wrote]
iowr Port1_Data
mov A, [spi_data]
asl
mov [spi_data], A
jnc wr0
mov A, SDIO
or [port1_wrote], A
jmp wrx
mov A, ~SDIO
and [port1_wrote], A
mov A, [port1_wrote]
iowr Port1_Data
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
mov A, SCLK
or [port1_wrote], A

; 8 bits to shift out

; lower SCLK

; shift next bit

; raise SDIO
; lower SDIO
; wait for cable to settle

; raise SCLK
; ADNS-2051 reads the address bit
; wait for cable to settle

; 8 bits of data
; lower SCLK

; shift next bit

; raise SDIO
; lower SDIO
; wait for cable to settle

; raise SCLK

mov A, [port1_wrote]
iowr Port1_Data
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
dec [bit_counter]
jnz nextw
ret
delay700us:
waitd0:

mov A, ffh
mov [bit_counter], A
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
dec [bit_counter]
jnz waitd0
ret

; ADNS-2051 reads the data bit

; wait for cable to settle

; wait for 710us

; reuse bit_counter

; 2us

Example calling syntax

;
;
;
;

WriteSPI
Set register 0a to 40h, LED blink mode
mov A, 0ah
mov [spi_addr], A
mov A, 40h
mov [spi_data], A
call WriteSPI

;
;
;
;

move address into A

move address into spi_addr
move data into A
move data into spi_data
call WriteSPI routine, on return,
spi_addr and spi_data will be undefined

ReadSPI
Read register 02h, the motion register
mov A, 02h
mov [spi_addr], A
call ReadSPI

27

;
;
;
;
;
;

;
;
;
;

move address into A

move address into spi_addr
call ReadSPI, on return, data is in spi_data,
spi_addr is undefined

Registers
The ADNS-2051 can be programmed through registers, via the serial port, and configuration and motion
data can be read from these registers.
Address
0x00
0x01
0x02
0x03
0x04
0x05

Register
Product_ID
Revision_ID
Motion
Delta_X
Delta_Y
SQUAL

Address
0x06
0x07
0x08
0x09
0x0a
0x0b

Register
Average_Pixel
Maximum_Pixel
Reserved
Reserved
Configuration_bits
Reserved

Product_ID
Address: 0x00
Access: Read
Reset Value: 0x02
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Field PID7
PID6 PID5
PID4 PID3
PID2
Data Type: Eight bit number with the product identifier.

1
PID1

Address
0x0c
0x0d
0x0e
0x0f
0x10
0x11

Register
Data_Out_Lower
Data_Out_Upper
Shutter_Lower
Shutter_Upper
Frame_Period_Lower
Frame_Period_Upper

0
PID0

USAGE: The value in this register does not change, it can be used to verify
that the serial communications link is OK.

Revision_ID
Address: 0x01
Access: Read
Reset Value: 0xNN
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Field RID7
RID6 RID5
RID4 RID3
RID2
Data Type: Eight bit number with current revision of the IC.

1
RID1

0
RID0

USAGE: NN is a value between 00 and FF which represent the current design

revision of the device.

Motion
Access: Read
Bit
7
Field
MOT
Data Type: Bit field

6
Reserved

Address: 0x02
Reset Value: 0x00
5
4
FAULT
OVFY

3
OVFX

2
Reserved

1
Reserved

0
RES

USAGE: Register 0x02 allows the user to determine if motion has occurred since the last time it was read. If so, then the
user should read registers 0x03 and 0x04 to get the accumulated motion. It also tells if the motion buffers have
overflowed and whether or not an LED fault occurred since the last reading. The current resolution is also shown.

28

Field Name
MOT

Reserved
FAULT

OVFY

OVFX

Reserved
Reserved
RES

Description
Motion since last report or PD
0 = No motion
1 = Motion occurred, data ready for reading in Delta_X and Delta_Y registers
Reserved for future
LED Fault detected set when R_BIN is too low or too high, shorts to VDD or Ground
0 = No fault
1 = Fault detected
Motion overflow Y, Y buffer has overflowed since last report
0 = No overflow
1 = Overflow has occurred
Motion overflow X, X buffer has overflowed since last report
0 = No overflow
1 = Overflow has occurred
Reserved for future
Reserved for future
Resolution in counts per inch
0 = 400
1 = 800

Notes for Motion:

1. Reading this register freezes the Delta_X and Delta_Y register values. Read this register before reading the Delta_X and Delta_Y registers. If
Delta_X and Delta_Y are not read before the motion register is read a second time, the data in Delta_X and Delta_Y will be lost.
2. Agilent RECOMMENDS that registers 0x02, 0x03 and 0x04 be read sequentially.
3. Internal buffers can accumulate more than eight bits of motion for X or Y. If either one of the internal buffers overflows, then absolute path data
is lost, and the OVFX or OVFY bit is set. These bits (OVFX and OVFY) are cleared once some motion has been read from the Delta_X and Delta_Y
registers, and if the buffers are not at full scale. Since more data is present in the buffers, the cycle of reading the Motion, Delta_X and Delta_Y
registers should be repeated until the motion bit (MOT) is cleared. Until MOT is cleared, either the Delta_X or Delta_Y registers will read either
positive or negative full scale. If the motion register has not been read for a long time, at 400 cpi it may take up to 16 read cycles to clear the
buffers, at 800 cpi, up to 32 cycles.
4. FAULT is a sticky bit that is cleared by reading the Motion register. It signifies that an LED fault has occurred since the last time the motion
register was read. Once an LED fault has cleared, the hardware will drive the LED normally.

Delta_X
Address: 0x03
Access: Read
Reset Value: 0x00
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Field
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
X2
Data Type: Eight bit 2s complement number.

1
X1

0
X0

USAGE: X movement is counts since last report. Absolute value is determined

by resolution. Reading clears the register.

29

MOTION

-128

-127

-2

-1

+1

+2

+126

+127

DELTA_X

80

81

FE

FF

00

01

02

7E

7F

Delta_Y
Address: 0x04
Access: Read
Reset Value: 0x00
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Field
Y7
Y6
Y5
Y4
Y3
Y2
Data Type: Eight bit 2s complement number.

1
Y1

0
Y0

USAGE: Y movement is counts since last report. Absolute value is determined

by resolution. Reading clears the register.
MOTION

-128

-127

-2

-1

+1

+2

+126

+127

DELTA_Y

80

81

FE

FF

00

01

02

7E

7F

Address: 0x05
Reset Value: 0x00
4
3
2
SQ4
SQ3
SQ2

1
SQ1

Surface_Quality
Access: Read
Bit
7
6
Field
SQ7
SQ6
Data Type: Eight bit number.

5
SQ5

0
SQ0

USAGE: SQUAL is a measure of the number of features visible by the sensor in

the current frame. The maximum value is 255. Since small changes in the
current frame can result in changes in SQUAL, variations in SQUAL when
looking at a surface are expected. The graph below shows 250 sequentially
acquired SQUAL values, while a sensor was moved slowly over white paper.
SQUAL is nearly equal to zero, if there is no surface below the sensor.
SQUAL VALUES (WHITE PAPER)

192
128
64
0

25

50

75

100

125

150

The focus point is important and could affect the squal value, the
graph below showing another setup with various z-height. The graph
clearly shows that the squal count is dependent on focus distance.
Note:
This graph is obtained by getting multiple readings over different heights.

175

200

225

250

1.4
NORMALIZED SQUAL COUNTS

SQUAL VALUE

256

1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
X+ 3
X
X 3

0.2
0
-1.0 -0.8 -0.5 -0.3

0.25

0.5

0.75 1.0

DELTA FROM NOMINAL FOCUS (mm)

Figure 38. Typical mean squal vs. Z (white paper).

30

Average_Pixel
Access: Read
Bit
7
6
Field
0
0
Data Type: Six bit number.

5
AP5

Address: 0x06
Reset Value: 0x00
4
3
2
AP4
AP3
AP2

1
AP1

0
AP0

USAGE: Average Pixel value in current frame. Minimum value = 0,

maximum = 63. The average pixel value can be adjusted every frame. Shown
below is a graph of 250 sequentially acquired average pixel values, while the
sensor was moved slowly over white paper.

AVERAGE PIXEL VALUE

AVERAGE PIXEL (WHITE PAPER)

64
48
32
16
0

25

50

Maximum_Pixel
Access: Read
Bit
7
6
Field
0
0
Data Type: Six bit number.

75

5
MP5

100

Address: 0x07
Reset Value: 0x00
4
3
2
MP4 MP3
MP2

125

150

1
MP1

175

200

225

250

175

200

225

250

0
MP0

USAGE: Maximum Pixel value in current frame. Minimum value = 0,

maximum value = 63. The maximum pixel value can be adjusted every frame.
Shown below is a graph of 250 sequentially acquired maximum pixel values,
while the sensor was moved slowly over white paper.

MAXIMUM PIXEL VALUE

MAXIMUM PIXEL (WHITE PAPER)

64
48
32
16
0

25

50

75

100

Reserved

Address: 0x08

Reserved

Address: 0x09

31

125

150

Configuration_bits
Access: Read/Write
Bit
7
Field
RESET
Data Type: Bit field

6
LED_MODE

Address: 0x0a
Reset Value: 0x00
5
4
Sys Test
RES

3
PixDump

2
Reserved

1
Reserved

0
Sleep

USAGE: Register 0x0a allows the user to change the configuration of the sensor. Shown below are the bits, their
default values, and optional values.

Field Name
RESET

LED_MODE

Sys Test

RES

Pix Dump

Reserved
Reserved
Sleep

Reserved

32

Description
Power up defaults (bit always reads 0)
0 = No effect
1 = Reset registers and bits to power up default settings (bold entries)
LED Shutter Mode
0 = Shutter mode off (LED always on) (even if no motion up to 1 sec.)
1 = Shutter mode on (LED only on when the electronic shutter is open)
System Tests (bit always reads 0)
0 = No tests
1 = perform all system tests, output 16 bit CRC via Data_Out_Upper and Data_Out_Lower registers.

Note: Since part of the system test is a RAM test, the RAM will be overwritten with the default values
when the test is done. If any configuration changes from the default are needed for operation, make
the changes AFTER the system test is run. This operation requires substantially more time to
complete than other register transactions.
Resolution in counts per inch
0 = 400
1 = 800
Dump the pixel array through Data_Out_Upper and Data_Out_Lower, 256 bytes
0 = disabled
1 = dump pixel array
Reserved
Reserved
Sleep Mode
0 = Normal, fall asleep after one second of no movement (1500 frames/s)
1 = Always awake
Address: 0x0b

Data_Out_Lower
Access: Read
Bit
7
Field DO7

6
DO6

5
DO5

Data_Out_Upper
Access: Read
Bit
7
6
5
Field DO15 DO14 DO13
Data Type: Sixteen bit word.

Address: 0x0c
Reset Value: undefined
4
3
2
1
DO4
DO3
DO2
DO1

0
DO0

Address: 0x0d
Reset Value: undefined
4
3
2
1
DO12 DO11 DO10
DO9

0
DO8

USAGE: Data can be written to these registers from the system self test, or the
pixel dump command. The data can be read out 0x0d, or 0x0d first, then 0x0c.

System test result 1:

System test result 2:

Data_Out_Upper
FE
4D

Data_Out_Lower
D4
10

Pixel Dump command

Pixel Address

Pixel Data (Lower 6 bits)

Once the pixel dump command is given, the sensor writes the address
and the value for the first pixel into the Data_Out_Upper and
Data_Out_Lower registers. The MSB of Data_Out_Lower is the status
bit for the data. If the bit is high, the data are NOT valid. Once the MSB
is low, the data for that particular read are valid and should be saved.
The pixel address and data will then be incremented on the next frame.
Once the pixel dump is complete, the PixDump bit in register 0x0a
should be set to zero. To obtain an accurate image, the LED needs to
be turned on by changing the sleep mode of the configuration register
0x0a to always awake.

33

Note
One of two results returned. These
values are subject to change with
each device design revision.

Pixel Address Map

(Looking through the HDNS-2100 Lens)
LAST PIXEL
FF EF DF CF BF AF 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F 0F
FE EE DE CE BE AE 9E 8E 7E 6E 5E 4E 3E 2E 1E 0E
FD ED DD CD BD AD 9D 8D 7D 6D 5D 4D 3D 2D 1D 0D
FC EC DC CC BC AC 9C 8C 7C 6C 5C 4C 3C 2C 1C 0C
FB EB DB CB BB AB 9B 8B 7B 6B 5B 4B 3B 2B 1B 0B
FA EA DA CA BA AA 9A 8A 7A 6A 5A 4A 3A 2A 1A 0A
F9 E9 D9 C9 B9 A9 99 89 79 69 59 49 39 29 19 09
F8 E8 D8 C8 B8 A8 98 88 78 68 58 48 38 28 18 08
F7 E7 D7 C7 B7 A7 97 87 77 67 57 47 37 27 17 07
F6 E6 D6 C6 B6 A6 96 86 76 66 56 46 36 26 16 06
F5 E5 D5 C5 B5 A5 95 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 05
F4 E4 D4 C4 B4 A4 94 84 74 64 54 44 34 24 14 04
F3 E3 D3 C3 B3 A3 93 83 73 63 53 43 33 23 13 03
F2 E2 D2 C2 B2 A2 92 82 72 62 52 42 32 22 12 02
F1 E1 D1 C1 B1 A1 91 81 71 61 51 41 31 21 11 01
F0 E0 D0 C0 B0 A0 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 00
FIRST PIXEL

TOP X-RAY VIEW OF MOUSE

POSITIVE Y

LB

RB

16

1
A2051
YYWW

POSITIVE X

Figure 39. Directions are for a complete mouse, with the HDNS-2100 lens.

34

Pixel Dump Pictures

The following images (Figure 40) are the output of the pixel dump command. The data ranges from zero for complete
black, to 63 for complete white. An internal AGC circuit adjusts the shutter value to keep the brightest feature (max.
pixel) in the mid 50s.

(a) White Paper

(b) Manila Folder

(c) Neoprene Mouse Pad (Gray)

(d) USAF Test Chart Group 3, Element 1

8 line pairs per mm

Figure 40. Pixel dump pictures.

35

Shutter_Lower
Access: Read
Bit
7
Field
S7

6
S6

Shutter_Upper
Access: Read
Bit
7
6
Field
S15
S14
Data Type: Sixteen bit word.

5
S5

Address: 0x0e
Reset Value: 0x64
4
3
2
S4
S3
S2

1
S1

0
S0

5
S13

Address: 0x0f
Reset Value: 0x00
4
3
2
S12
S11
S10

1
S9

0
S8

USAGE: Units are clock cycles; default value is 64. Read Shutter_Upper first,
then Shutter_Lower. They should be read consecutively. The shutter is
adjusted to keep the average and maximum pixel values within normal
operating ranges. The shutter value can be adjusted to a new value on every
frame. When the shutter adjusts, it changes by 1/16 of the current value.
Shown below is a graph of 250 sequentially acquired shutter values, while the
sensor was moved slowly over white paper.
SHUTTER VALUES (WHITE PAPER)

SHUTTER VALUE
(CLOCK CYCLES)

800
600
400
200
0

25

50

75

100

125

150

NORMALIZED SHUTTER VALUE (COUNTS)

The focus point is important and could affect the shutter value. The
graph below shows another setup with various z-height. This graph
clearly shows that the shutter value is dependent on focus distance.
TYPICAL SHUTTER vs. Z (WHITE PAPER)
3.5
3.0

X+ 3
X
X 3

2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
-1.0 -0.8 -0.5 -0.3

0.25

0.5

0.75 1.0

DISTANCE FROM NOMINAL FOCUS (mm)

Figure 41. Typical shutter vs. Z (white paper).

Note: This graph shows average readings over different heights.

36

175

200

225

250

The maximum value of the shutter is dependent upon the frame rate
and clock frequency. The formula for the maximum shutter value is:
Max. Shutter Value =

Clock Frequency
2816
Frame Rate

For a clock frequency of 18 MHz, the following table shows the maximum shutter value. 1 clock cycle is 55.56 nsec.

Frames/second
2300
2000
1500
1000
500

Max Shutter
Decimal
5010
6184
9184
15184
33184

Frame_Period_Lower
Access: Read/Write
Bit
7
6
Field
FP 7
FP 6

Shutter
Upper
13
18
23
3B
81

Hex
0x1392
0x1828
0x23E0
0x3B50
0x81A0

Address: 0x10
Reset Value: 0x20
4
3
2
FP 4
FP 3
FP 2

5
FP 5

Frame_Period_Upper
Address: 0x11
Access: Read/Write
Reset Value: 0xd1
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Field FP15
FP14
FP13
FP12 FP11
FP10
Data Type: Sixteen bit 2s complement word.

Lower
92
28
E0
50
A0

1
FP 1

0
FP 0

1
FP 9

0
FP 8

Default Max. Shutter

USAGE: The frame period counter counts up until it overflows. Units are clock
cycles. The formula is:
Counts (hex)

Clock Rate
= Counts (decimal)
Frame Rate

Counts (2s complement hex)

For an 18 MHz clock, here are the Frame_Period values for popular frame rates.

Frames/second
2300*
2000*
1500
1000
500

Counts
Decimal
7826
9000
12000
18000
36000

Hex
0x1E92
0x2328
0x2EE0
0x4650
0x8CA0

2s Comp
0xE16E
0xDCD8
0xD120
0xB9B0
0x7360

Frame_Period
Upper
Lower
E1
6E
DC
D8
D1
20
B9
B0
73
60

*Note:
To optimize tracking performance on dark surfaces, it is recommended that an adaptive frame
rate based on shutter value be implemented, for frame rates greater than 1500. Changing the
frame rate results in changes in the maximum speed, acceleration limits, and dark surface
performance.
To read from the registers, read Frame_Period_Upper first followed by Frame_Period_Lower.
To write to the registers, write Frame_Period_Lower first followed by Frame_Period_Upper.

37

Default Frame Time

Minimum Frame Time

IC Register State after Reset (power up or setting bit 7, register 0x0a)

Address
Register
Value
Meaning
0x0
Product_ID
0x02
Product ID = 2 (Fixed value)
0x01
Revision_ID
0xNN
Revision of IC (Fixed value). (For each device design revision.)
0x02
Motion
0x00
No Motion
LED = No Fault
No X data overflow
No Y data overflow
Resolution is 400 counts per inch
0x03
Delta_X
0x00
No X motion
0x04
Delta_Y
0x00
No Y motion
0x05
SQUAL
0x00
No image yet to measure
0x06
Average_Pixel
0x00
No image yet to measure
0x07
Maximum_Pixel
0x00
No image yet to measure
0x08
Reserved

0x09
Reserved

0x0a
Configuration_bits
0x00
Part is not Reset
LED Shutter Mode is off
No System tests
Resolution = 400 counts per inch
Pixel Dump is disabled
Sleep mode is enabled
0x0b
Reserved

0x0c
Data_Out_Lower
undefined
No data to read
0x0d
Data_Out_Upper
undefined
No data to read
0x0e
Shutter_Lower
0x64
Initial shutter value
0x0f
Shutter_Upper
0x00
Initial shutter value
0x10
Frame_Period_Lower 0x20
Initial frame period value (corresponds to 1500 fps)
0x11
Frame_Period_Upper 0xd1
Initial frame period value (corresponds to 1500 fps)

38

Optical Mouse Design References

Application Note AN1179
Navigation Surface Consideration
Eye Safety calculation AN1228
Assembly Procedure for Agilent
Mouse Sensors.
Ordering Information
Specify part number as follows:
ADNS-2051 = Sensor IC in a
16-pin staggered DIP,
20 per tube.
ADNB-2050 = Sensor IC and
HDNS-2100 round lens bundle
kit, 1000 pc incremental
ADNB-2051 = Sensor IC and
HDNS-2100#001
Round lens bundle kit,
1000 pc incremental
HDNS-2100 = Round Optical
Mouse Lens
HDNS-2100#001 = Trimmed
Optical Mouse Lens
HDNS-2200 = LED Assembly Clip
(Black)
HDNS-2200#001 = LED
Assembly Clip (Clear)
HLMP-ED80 = LED

39

www.agilent.com/semiconductors
For product information and a complete list of
distributors, please go to our web site.
For technical assistance call:
Americas/Canada: +1 (800) 235-0312 or
(408) 654-8675
Europe: +49 (0) 6441 92460
China: 10800 650 0017
Hong Kong: (+65) 271 2451
India, Australia, New Zealand: (+65) 271 2394
Japan: (+81 3) 3335-8152(Domestic/International), or 0120-61-1280(Domestic Only)
Korea: (+65) 271 2194
Malaysia, Singapore: (+65) 271 2054
Taiwan: (+65) 271 2654
Data subject to change.
Copyright 2002 Agilent Technologies, Inc.
January 9, 2002
5988-4289EN