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2.4 - Dividing Polynomials PDF

This document discusses dividing polynomials using long division and synthetic division. It introduces the remainder theorem and factor theorem. Examples are provided to illustrate dividing polynomials using long division and synthetic division. The remainder theorem and factor theorem are applied to find the values of functions and factors of polynomials.

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Amanda Martinez
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93 views25 pages

2.4 - Dividing Polynomials PDF

This document discusses dividing polynomials using long division and synthetic division. It introduces the remainder theorem and factor theorem. Examples are provided to illustrate dividing polynomials using long division and synthetic division. The remainder theorem and factor theorem are applied to find the values of functions and factors of polynomials.

Uploaded by

Amanda Martinez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Section 2.

4
Dividing Polynomials;
Remainder and Factor Theorems
Long Division of Polynomials
and
The Division Algorithm
Long Division of Polynomials
Long Division of Polynomials
2

3 2 9 6 5 x x x
12 5 x
4
13
3x
2
9 6 x x
12 8 x
13
3 2 x

Long Division of Polynomials with Missing Terms


2 3
3 2
2
2

x +5x -3 x 3x 2
x +5x 3x
-5x 6x 2
-5x 25x 15
31x- 17



5 x
2
31 17
5 3
x
x x


You need to leave a hole when you have
missing terms. This technique will help
you line up like terms. See the dividend
above.
Example
Divide using Long Division.
3 2
2 5 6 4 +7 x x x
Example
Divide using Long Division.
2 4 3
2 1 8 3 +5 1 x x x x x
Dividing Polynomials Using
Synthetic Division
Comparison of Long Division and Synthetic
Division of X
3
+4x
2
-5x+5 divided by x-3
Steps of Synthetic Division dividing 5x
3
+6x+8 by x+2
Put in a 0 for the missing term.

2 5 + 7 - 1
Using synthetic division instead of long division.
Notice that the divisor has to be a binomial of
degree 1 with no coefficients.
5
10
3
6
5
2
5
5 3
2
2 5 7 1
x
x
x x x


Thus:
Example
Divide using synthetic division.
3 2
3 5 7 8
4
x x x
x

The Remainder Theorem


If you are given the function f(x)=x
3
- 4x
2
+5x+3 and
you want to find f(2), then the remainder of this
function when divided by x-2 will give you f(2)
f(2)=5

2
(1) for f(x)=6x 2 5 is
1 6 -2 5
6 4
6 4 9
f(1)=9
f x
Example
Use synthetic division and the remainder
theorem to find the indicated function value.
3 2
( ) 3 5 1; f(2) f x x x
The Factor Theorem
Solve the equation 2x
3
-3x
2
-11x+6=0 given that 3 is
a zero of f(x)=2x
3
-3x
2
-11x+6. The factor theorem
tells us that x-3 is a factor of f(x). So we will use
both synthetic division and long division to show
this and to find another factor.
Another factor
Example
Solve the equation 5x
2
+ 9x 2=0 given
that -2 is a zero of f(x)= 5x
2
+ 9x - 2
Example
Solve the equation x
3
- 5x
2
+ 9x - 45 = 0 given
that 5 is a zero of f(x)= x
3
- 5x
2
+ 9x 45.
Consider all complex number solutions.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)


3 2
Divide 2 8 3 x x x x
2
2
2
2
8
4 2
4 14
34
4 14
3
x x
x x
x x
x x
x



(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
3 2
Use Synthetic Division and the Remainder
Theorem to find the value of f(2) for the function
f(x)=x +x - 11x+10
2
0
5
12

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