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The Golden Ratio & The Golden Rectangle: Abstract-This Report Is Showing The Importance

This document summarizes three methods for determining the ratio between the sides of a golden rectangle: analytical, numerical, and iterative. The analytical method derives the ratio as the positive solution to a quadratic equation, yielding a value of 1.618. The numerical method plots the defining equation and finds the x-value where it equals 0. The iterative method recursively expands the ratio's continued fraction, with the value converging to 1.618 as the number of iterations increases. Tables show the calculated ratios and errors for each method. The document also defines the golden ratio and introduces the concept of the golden rectangle.

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Khaled HA
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156 views5 pages

The Golden Ratio & The Golden Rectangle: Abstract-This Report Is Showing The Importance

This document summarizes three methods for determining the ratio between the sides of a golden rectangle: analytical, numerical, and iterative. The analytical method derives the ratio as the positive solution to a quadratic equation, yielding a value of 1.618. The numerical method plots the defining equation and finds the x-value where it equals 0. The iterative method recursively expands the ratio's continued fraction, with the value converging to 1.618 as the number of iterations increases. Tables show the calculated ratios and errors for each method. The document also defines the golden ratio and introduces the concept of the golden rectangle.

Uploaded by

Khaled HA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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King Saud University

College of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Dept
Computer Simulation of Engineering Systems (GE-501)
Mini Project-2

The Golden Ratio & The Golden Rectangle


Khalid Al-Hamawi
Assigned to: Professor Adel Abdennour
24-9-2013

Abstractthis report is showing the importance


of the golden ratio and the relationship between it
and the golden rectangle. Then finding the ratio
between the rectangle's sides that makes it a
golden rectangle using 3 methods.

Expressed algebraically:
The tow values a and b are said to be in the
golden ratio if:
(1)
Equation (1) can be written as:

i.

Introduction:
The golden ratio is the most controversial
number through history. It makes works that
based on it very creative and beautiful. It is one
of the beauty's secrets and standers.
It has been significantly noticed in the nature.
The golden ration has been noticed even in living
things especially the human. That gives it
incredible glamour and special beauty.
This ratio is very important for those who have
interest in art, Painting, drawing, architecture,
decoration and others who invent things valuable
and beautiful.

ii.

The Golden Ratio value():


The golden ratio is a proportion between two
values which achieved when the ratio of the
bigger value to the smaller one is equal to the
ratio of sum of the two values to the bigger
one.Figure1 illustrates the geometric aspect
of golden ratio .
a

(2)
By definition, it is shown that:
(3)
Multiplying each side by :
(4)
The roots of equation (4) using the quadratic
formula are:

(5)

Here a= 1, b= -1, c= -1 form equation (4) and by


substitution in equation (5):
1 = 1.618
, 2 = -0.618
But because is a ration between positive values
so it is positive.
iii. The Golden Rectangle:
The golden rectangle is one whose side lengths
are in the golden ratio. Figure2 illustrates the
golden rectangle.

a+b
Figure 1: Line segments in the golden ratio

2. Numerical method:
Equation (7) can be transformed to:
( )

Figure2: The golden Rectangle

The value of that makes the rectangle in figure2


is a golden rectangle can be found by:
Analytical method.
Numerical method.
Iterative method.

(11)

as shown in figure3 and by using matlab to plot


equation (11) it was found that the value of that
makes f()=0 is =1.618 .

1. Analytical method:
From Figure2 and the definition of the golden
ratio:
(6)
Or:

Figure 2: f() for rang of [0,5]

(7)
Multiplying equation (7) by :

(8)
And equation can be rearranged as:

3. Iterative method:
Equation (3) can be expanded recursively to
obtain a continued fraction for the golden ratio:
(12)

(9)
The roots of equation (9) using the quadratic
formula are:

(13)

(10)

Here a= 1, b= -1, c= -1 form equation (9) and by


substitution in equation (10):
,
1 = 1.618
2 = -0.618
Neglecting negative root of because is length
of a shape hence it cannot be negative. Therefore
the value of that makes the rectangle in figure2
a golden rectangle is = 1.618033989.

Table1 shows values of for different number of


iterations (n) using MATLAB and the error
between this method and the analytical one using
MATLAB.

Table1: value of for different iterations (n)

1
3
5
7
9
11

1
1.5
1.6
1.6154
1.6176
1.618

iv.

E(error)=a Analytically - a matlab


0.618
0.118
0.018
0.0026
0.00035294
2.2472e-050

Final Shape:
Figure4 shows the plotting of the golden
rectangle that in figure2 using MATLAB.

vi.

References:
[1]. M. Livio. The Golden Ratio, Broadway
Books, 2002
[2]. L.E. Sigler. Fibonaccis Liber Abaci,
Springer, New York, 2002.
[3]. N. Lopez, M. Nunez, I. Rodrguez, F.
Rubio. Introducing the Golden Section to
Computer Science, Proc. of the First IEEE
International Conference on Cognitive
Informatics (ICCI02), 2002

Figure 3:The final shape of the golden rectangle using MATLAB

v.

Conclusion:
The Golden Ratio is great but it is one among
hundreds of other techniques to achieve
balanced and aesthetically pleasing designs. It
must be used only when it is appropriate does
not conflict with other rules or conditions that
are more appropriate in the surrounding
environment otherwise it will disrupt the
product or design. There are millions of
beautiful designs out there that do not follow
the Golden Ratio yet they are pleasing to the
eye and are perfectly balanced so it must be
used wisely and only where it is needed.

Appendix
% King Saud University-Engineering college-Electrical Engineering Dept
% KSA-Riyadh 9/24/2013
% Mini project 2 by khalid Alhamawi Assigned to Professor Adel
Abdennour
%======================================================================
% First :
graph
f(a)= 1/a-( a-1) over interval
(0 < a < 5).
%======================================================================
f=@(a) 1./a -(a-1);
ezplot(f,[0,5])
a = fzero(f,2)
hold on
grid on
plot(a,0,'r*')
ylabel('f(a)');
text(a+.2,.75,'f(a)=0')
text(a+.2,.25,'a=1.618')
%====================================================================
% Second: estimate a for different values of n (iterations).
%====================================================================
for j=1:6
n=input('number of iterations= ')
x(1)=inf;
for i=2:n
x(i)=1/(1+x(i-1));
end
a(j)=1+(1/(1+x(n)));
e(j)=1.618-a(j);
end
disp(['a=' num2str(a)])
disp(['e=' num2str(e)])
%=================================================================
% Third: Ploting the final shape
%=================================================================
a = (1+sqrt(5))/2;
x = [0 a a 0 0];
y = [0 0 1 1 0];
u = [1 1];
v = [0 1];
figure
plot(x,y,'r',u,v,'r--')
text(a/2,1.05,'a')
text((1+a)/2,-.05,'a - 1')
text(-.05,.5,'1')
text(.5,-.05,'1')
axis equal
axis off
set(gcf,'color','white')

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