Intramuros walled city, intra inside and muros city.
At the delta and mouth of
Pasig River.
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center of commerce
Center of movement the decision of the Spanish regime in the PH.
Kakaiba sa lahat ng pueblo na ginawa sa ating bansa.
Center of political and economic activity of Raja. Rajah Sulayman/Soliman
lives in fort santiago
Center of development and growth
Product of Entrada, Reduccion, and Doctrina
Spanish term ciudad murada.
Center of religion
Extramuros meaning outside the walls. (Chinese and the ordinary Filipinos).
Barbaric People people outside the intramuros, indios, inferior class.
Manila Cathedral center.
Rajah Sulayman supreme ruler in Metro Manila
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Lives in fort Santiago
Fort Santiago base of operations of Rajah Sulayman.
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Itinatag upang maging depensa.
Lopez de Legazpi diplomacy, tumalo kay Rajah.
Palacio del Gobernador - Palace of the Governor.
Ayuntamiento center, tirahan ng mayor ng lugar, offices of local officers.
Plaza Roma Fountain and monument of king of Spain.
1st Center or kabisera of PH Cebu.
Puerta Spanish term pertaining to Doors/gateways.
South Asia and East Asia
Center of Intramuros Fort Santiago,
Bulacan dating
The Pre Colonial Era
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The strategic location of Manila along the bay and at the mouth of Pasig River
made it an ideal location for the Tagalog and Kapampangan tribes and
kingdoms to trade with merchants from China, India, Borneo and Indonesia.
Before the first arrival of Europeans on Luzon island, the island was part of
the Majapahit empire around the 14th century, according to the epic eulogy
poem Nagarakretagama which described its conquest by Maharaja Hayam
Wuruk nag conquer sa Manila.
The region was invaded around 1485 by Sultan Bolkiah and became a part of
Sultanate of Brunei
The site of Intramuros then became a part of the Islamic kingdom of Maynila
ruled by various Datus, Rajas and the Sultan
The Spanish Era
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In 1564, Spanish explorers led by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi sailed from New
Spain (now Mexico), and arrived on the island of Cebu on Feb. 13, 1565,
establishing the first Spanish colony in the PH.
The Spaniards arrived on the island of Luzon in 1570. After quarrel and
misunderstandings between the Islamic natives and the Spaniards, they
fought for the control of the land and settlements. After several months of
warfare, the natives were defeated, and the Spaniards made a peace pact
with the tribal councils of Rajah Sulaiman III, Rajah Lakandula (Lower Manila),
and Rajah Matanda (Tondo) who handed over Manila to Spaniards.
Ciudad Insigne y Siempre Leal (English: Distinguished and Ever Loyal City)
Intramuros was settled and became the political, military and religious center
of the Spanish empire in Asia.
Construction of the Wall
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The city was in constant danger of natural and man-made disasters and
worse, attacks from foreign invaders.
In 1574, a fleet of Chinese pirates led by Limahong attacked the city and
destroyed it before the Spaniards drove them away.
The city of stone began during the rule of Governor-General Santiago de
Vera.
The city was panned and executed by Jesuit Priest, Antonio Sedeno and was
approved by King Philip IIs Royal Ordinance that was issued in San Lorenzo
de El Escorial, Spain. methods of making bricks
The succeeding governor-general, Gomez Perez Dasmarinas brought with him
from Spain
Leonardo Iturriano, a Spanish Military engineer specializing in fortifications,
headed the project.
Chinese and Filipino workers built the walls. Fort Santiago was rebuilt and
circular fort, known as Nuestra Senora de Guia, was erected to defend the
land and sea on the southwestern side of the city.
Gate of Parion pwedeng daanan ng mga Chinese
Funds came from a monopoly on playing cards and fines imposed on its
excessive play. Chinese goods were taxed for 2 years. Construction of the
walls began on 1590 and continued under many governor-generals until
1872.
The erection of the Baluarte de San Diego was also completed that year. This
bastion, shaped like an ace of spades is the southernmost point of the wall
and the first of the large pastions added to the encircling walls, then of no
great height nor of finished construction.
A moat was built around the city with the Pasig River serving as a
Inside the Colonial Intramuros
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The main square of the city of Manila was Plaza Mayor (later nown as Plaza
McKinley then Plaza de Roma) in front of the Manila Cathedral. East of the
plaza was Ayuntamiento (city hall) and facing it was the Governors Palace,
the official residence of the Spanish viceroyalties to the Philippines.
An earthquake on June 3, 1863 destroyed the 3 buldings and much of the city.
The residence of the Governor-General was moved to Malacanang Palace
located about 3 km (1.9mi) up on the Pasig River.
Inside the walls were other Roman Catholic Churches, the oldest being San
Agustin Church (Augustinians) built in 1607. The other churches built by the
different religious orders San Nicolas de Tolentino Church (recollects), San
Francisco Church (Franciscans), Third Venerable Order Church (3 rd Order of St.
Francis), Santo Domingo Church (Dominicans), Lourdes Church (Capuchins),
and the San Ignacio Church (Jesuits) has made the small walled city the City
of Churches.
Intramuros was the center of large education institutions in the country.
Convents and church-run schools were established by the different religious
orders. The Dominicans established the Universidad de Santo Tomas in 1611
and the Colegio de San Juan de Letran in 1620.
