Crossflow Scrubbers
High Efficiency
Wet Scrubbers for
Corrosive Acid Gases,
Odors, and Other
Chemical Applications
www.tri-mer.com
Design Criteria
Tri-Mer Crossflow Scrubbers operate at
velocities between 150 and 500 ft./min. The
exact velocity depends on these variables:
1. inlet load
2. outlet requirement (removal efficiency, generally
expressed as a mass emissions number, such as
lbs./hr.)
3. volumetric flow (CFM)
4. inlet gas temperature
5. total gas stream profile (residuals in gas stream in
addition to the primary contaminant)
6. site constraints, such as height restrictions and other
architectural/plant limitations.
Design Discussion
Velocity
The velocity through the scrubber is a key design element. Velocity
translates into residence time. Residence time requirements in the
system can vary from 1/2 second to several seconds. This time variable
is specified by Tri-Mer engineering on an individual system basis.
Inlet/outlet load factors.
For a specific system design guarantee, regarding removal efficiency,
it is necessary to have a definition regarding input vs. output. This
number is usually expressed as mass emission per hour, in vs. out.
Volumetric expressions, including ppmv, are also appropriate. With this
information, as either a measured or calculated number, it is possible to
provide a specific efficiency guarantee.
Volumetric flow
The gas flow through the scrubber system, expressed in cu. ft/min., is
an important factor in the design of the scrubber vessel.
Since residence time in the scrubber is a critical design consideration,
the volume of air passing through the scrubber directly affects the
cross sectional area.
Inlet gas temperature
Tri-Mer Crossflow Systems are engineered to accommodate inlet
temperatures from ambient to over 2000F. High temperature systems
require a gas quench unit, integral to the system. It is important to know
the temperature variables whenever temperatures are elevated.
Gas stream profile
Understanding the gas stream variables, including residuals in
the gas stream in addition to the primary contaminant, is crucial.
These residuals may not be of primary interest from the standpoint
of removal efficiency, but could affect system chemistry, or, if
particulates are involved, may restrict flow if not accommodated.
System blow-down rates
Each systems blow-down rate is determined by the specific chemistry
involved within that scrubber. As an example, systems requiring low
ppb outputs would require higher water blow-down capacities than
systems operating with higher output dynamics. Specific multistage
systems may require multiple blow-down points to a final treatment
tank.
Liquid-to-gas ratio
This ratio is determined by the items discussed earlier. System
removal requirements (efficiency) will play an important role in
determining this ratio. Tri-Mer engineering will be responsible for
specific calculations.
System Mechanics
Control Panels
Tri-Mer scrubber packages are available with electrical control panels,
which can incorporate these features:
Panel-mount flowmeters, pH controls, flow indicators, ORP controls,
alarms and auxiliaries.
PLC options. Most customers specify a dedicated PLC interface
for scrubber operation. Auxiliary loop tie-ins can be made to specific
plant processes, so that system chemistry is activated automatically.
This provides the user with maximum control and flexibility.
Control screens
Tri-Mer HMIs depict system status in full detail, and in a form
most useful to plant personnel. Valve positions, liquid and air flow
conditions, pH, reduction or oxidation potential and other required
parameters are available at-a-glance. System alarms and other
process interrupt functions are detailed through the HMI.
Pre-wiring
Skid-mounted: Tri-Mer
systems under 40,000 cfm
are available completely
skid-wired prior to
shipment. Larger systems:
available pre-wired to
terminal boxes specific to
the equipment. This greatly
simplifies field wiring.
Piping
All piping modules depicted in this brochure are pre-assembled and
pre-tested at Tri-Mer. Each piping module is carefully assembled,
mated to the appropriate pump and coupled to the scrubber. Piping
materials typically supplied are PVC and FRP. Double-containment
piping is available where codes require.
Packing
The standard random
dump section of the
wet scrubber system
incorporates ultra high
efficiency TRI-PACKS
tower packing, originally
engineered for use with
Tri-Mers TRI-NOX
MULTI-CHEM system.
In the UltraScrub version,
secondary stages incorporate a rigid packing section called
RP1, developed by Tri-Mer for use in the staged interface design.
RP1 insures molecular contact between the gas or fume being
scrubbed and the ionized salts in a way that insures reliable, low limit
performance.
Pumps
Pumps for the Crossflow scrubber systems are offered in two
categories: ANSI horizontal units, and vertical submerged head units.
Exhaust blowers
In the Tri-Mer standard design, materials of construction include
polypropylene, PVC or FRP. The inlet cone is laminar flow-molded;
its bell-shaped design insures smooth air entry, with minimal system
effect loss. The impeller design is backwardly inclined, flat blade
(or air foil wheel). Wheels are available in Class 2, 3 or 4 categories,
depending on pressure requirements. Materials of construction for fan
impellers are mild steel with FRP coating, stainless steel, and special
alloys such as Hastelloy.
Mist eliminators
Mist elimination is a critical
part of wet scrubber design.
Tri-Mers minimum design
requirement is 95% on 10
micron droplets. Higher
efficiency mist eliminators are
available for 99% at 2 microns
for applications requiring extremely low output numbers and the
highest degree of mist elimination.
Fabrication
The standard material of construction for Tri-Mers crossflow
system is UV-stabilized polypropylene. Optional materials include
UV-stabilized PVC and alloys such as 316 stainless steel.
To assure highest strength at corners and seams, Tri-Mer
technicians use programmable extrusion welding systems. The
extrusion welder operates under high temperature and pressure,
grinding and melting virgin polypropylene and extruding it through
a die. The molten material is mated to virgin sheet stock to form a
molecular bond equal in strength to solid sheet.
To insure seamless structural integrity, Tri-Mer technicians
use specially engineered, programmable welders. A hot blade
heats the material; when the blade is lowered, the system fuses
the sheet ends, creating a bond equal in strength to seamless
virgin grade material.
Standard arrangements include one and nine. Vibration isolation is
available for the inlet and outlet duct; spring isolation is available for
the fan base. The fan discharge depends on stack requirements and
fan position. The fan package is then metered to the appropriate
scrubber and tested.
To insure full strength at all bend sites, Tri-Mer uses an
automatic bend system. A heated knife serrates sheet stock at
the bend site. When ejected, the machine creates a corner equal
in strength to unfabricated virgin grade material. Corners formed
in this manner eliminate corner welds, which inevitably cause
structural weaknesses.
Tri-Mers Horizontal Crossflow
A
Packed bed
Distribution headers
Recirculation piping & valves
Recirculation pumps (dual back-up option shown)
Basket strainers (optional)
Secondary pack spray headers
Second stage packed section
Mist eliminator
Inlet control damper (optional)
Exhaust blower (dual back-up option shown)
Exhaust stack
Butterfly dampers (optional)
Pressure drop indicators
pH probe
Level switches
Control panel
Support frame (optional)
A
B
G
F
H
M
C
N
Single Fan Installation
A
L
Manual or automatic damper
(optional)
A
I
J
C
D
E
A
A
Horizontal Crossflow Scrubber Vertical Pump Option
A
Vertical pumps
pH probe
Packed bed
Level controls
Mist eliminator
Internal recirculation tank
Piping package
Fresh water make-up
Internal Tank/ANSI Pumps
This version of the horizontal packed scrubber
system incorporates standard ANSI pumps,
which recirculate the scrubbing liquor. Pump
construction is based on specific chemistry;
standard pump heads are available in FRP,
polypropylene and stainless steel. Other
materials are available for unique applications.
Piping
Recirculation tank
Scrubber internals
The recirculation tank in this model is
designed internal to the system. Tank
dimensions are determined by the scrubber
model and will vary in capacity.
Recirculation piping, valves and auxiliaries
are constructed of materials compatible with
the application. ANSI pump versions can
incorporate basket strainers or Y strainers,
flow sensor fittings, pressure gages and other
options.
The standard scrubber uses ultra high
efficiency TRI-PACKS random dump packing
in depths from 2 to 15 or more, depending on
the application.
Internal Tank/Vertical Pumps
This option uses various lines of standard,
corrosion-resistant vertical recirculation
pumps. These pumps are incorporated into
the design of the scrubber and are rigidly
mounted as a unit on the scrubber body.
This precludes the need for suction piping,
because the pump head is submerged
in the recirculation liquor. Alternatives for
construction of the pump head generally
include polypropylene, PVC and CPVC.
Vertical pumps can be installed in a series,
with two or more pumps mounted on larger
systems, in order to increase recirculation flow
rates to meet high demand, or provide pump
redundancy.
Recirculation tank
In this version, as in the ANSI version
discussed above, the recirculation tank is
internal to the scrubber. Pumps and residual
hardware are mounted to the recirculation
tank, which allows the smaller systems to be
skid-mounted and pre-piped.
Piping
Piping modules are mounted to each vertical
pump, supplying recirculation liquor to the
scrubber. In versions where multiple pumps
are installed, each has a dedicated supply
piping system. Auxiliaries such as flow
sensors, control valves and pressure gages
are available.
External Recirculation Dry Sump
This version of the horizontal system is
available with ANSI or vertical pump systems.
The system is not limited in size by the type
of pump available. Both large capacity
ANSI and vertical pumps are available in
this version. Standard pump materials of
construction for both versions include FRP,
polypropylene and stainless steel.
Recirculation tank
The recirculation tank in this version is located
remotely from the scrubber. As an example,
the scrubber can be located on the roof, with
the recirculation system on the factory floor.
This allows easiest access for maintaining
pH controls, chemical feed systems, valves,
pumps and associated peripherals. This
system is widely specified by users in cold
climates and wherever freeze conditions exist.
Piping
Piping packages for the remote tank versions
connect the scrubber feed and drain piping,
unifying the system into a single operating
package. Materials of construction vary with
the application and typically include PVC and
FRP. Standard peripherals are available as
described in the above two sections.
Mist eliminators
Rigid frame mist eliminators are featured in the
systems design, insuring zero droplet carrythrough.
System capacities
250 cfm through 100,000 cfm for all systems.
Scrubber internals/ mist eliminators
This version features the same options as the ANSI
version.
UltraScrub
This option incorporates staged gas flow
compression.
Capacities
The vertical pump version is generally available
from 50 cfm through 40,000 cfm. Larger capacity
systems usually require ANSI pumps for most
efficient operation.
Scrubber internals/mist eliminators
This Tri-Mer model is also available in three versions,
including single-stage units, and multi-stage wet
sections has a long, successful track record with multistage wet scrubbing processes, which incorporate
technologies developed by us for industrial odor
control. We also offer a model capable of incorporating
TRI-NOX MULTI-CHEMTM technology, which requires
two or three stages.
Capacities
System capacities are theoretically unlimited;
however, due to shipping restrictions, 120,000 cfm
is a recommended limit for standard fabrication of
individual units.
Technical Data
Model
Number
C/F
Typical
Air Flow
Through
Scrubber 1
Internal
Recirculation
Tank With ANSI
Pumps
Internal
Recirculation
Tank
With Vertical
Pumps
External
Recirculation
Tank Dry Sump
Scrubber
Typical
Recirculation
Tank Size
CFM
LxWxH
LxWxH
LxWxH
Diameter x H
2,5,6
2,5,6
2,5,6,7
50 - 100
7-10 x 3-2 x 2-6
7-10 x 3-0 x 2-6
6-6 x 1-0 x 2-0
1-6 x 2-0
100 - 300
7-10 x 3-6 x 2-6
6-6 x 4-0 x 3-0
6-6 x 1-6 x 2-0
1-6 x 2-0
300 - 500
7-10 x 3-6 x 2-10
6-6 x 4-0 x 3-4
6-6 x 1-8 x 2-0
1-6 x 2-6
500 - 1000
7-10 x 3-6 x 3-4
6-6 x 4-0 x 3-10
6-6 x 2-0 x 2-4
1-6 x 2-6
1000 - 2000
7-10 x 4-4 x 4-0
7-0 x 4-10 x 4-6
7-0 x 3-0 x 2-8
1-6 x 2-6
2000 - 3000
7-10 x 5-0 x 4-8
7-0 x 5-6 x 5-2
7-0 x 3-2 x 2-8
2-0 x 2-6
3000 - 5000
9-10 x 6-6 x 5-2
7-6 x 7-6 x 6-0
7-6 x 4-2 x 3-2
2-0 x 2-6
5000 - 7000
10-10 x 6-10 x 5-11
7-6 x 7-10 x 6-9
7-6 x 4-6 x 4-0
2-6 x 2-6
7000 - 9000
10-10 x 7-6 x 6-4
8-0 x 8-6 x 7-2
8-0 x 5-6 x 5-4
3-0 x 2-6
10
9000 - 11,000
10-10 x 7-8 x 6-10
8-0 x 8-8 x 7-8
8-0 x 6-0 x 5-8
3-0 x 3-0
11
11,000 - 14,000
11-10 x 8-6 x 7-6
8-6 x 9-6 x 8-4
8-0 x 6-6 x 6-2
3-0 x 3-6
12
14,000 - 17,000
13-0 x 11-0 x 9-0
9-0 x 11-6 x 9-10
9-0 x 9-0 x 7-6
3-6 x 3-6
14
17,000 - 20,000
13-0 x 11-6 x 9-6
9-6 x 12-0 x 10-4
9-6 x 9-0 x 7-8
3-6 x 4-0
15
20,000 - 24,000
13-0 x 11-6 x 9-6
10-0 x 12-0 x 10-4
10-0 x 9-0 x 8-0
3-6 x 4-0
16
24,000 - 28,000
14-4 x 11-7 x 10-6
10-0 x 12-1 x 11-4
10-0 x 9-6 x 8-2
3-6 x 4-6
17
28,000 - 32,000
14-4 x 11-8 x 10-6
10-0 x 12-2 x 11-4
10-0 x 9-8 x 8-6
3-6 x 4-6
18
32,000 - 40,000
14-4 x 13-11 x 10-8
11-6 x 14-5 x 11-6
11-6 x 10-0 x 9-0
4-0 x 4-6
19
40,000 - 50,000
15-4 x 16-0 x 11-0
11-6 x 16-6 x 12-0
11-6 x 11-6 x 10-6
4-6 x 5-0
20
50,000 - 60,000
16-4 x 19-0 x 11-6
N/A
12-6 x 14-0 x 11-0
5-0 x 5-0
21
60,000 - 70,000
16-4 x 22-6 x 11-6
N/A
14-0 x 17-0 x 11-0
6-0 x 5-6
22
70,000 - 80,000
19-0 x 24-0 x 12-0
N/A
15-6 x 19-6 x 11-0
6-0 x 6-0
23
80,000 - 90,000
19-0 x 27-0 x 12-0
N/A
16-0 x 20-0 x 11-0
6-0 x 6-6
24
90,000 - 100,000
19-8 x 29-0 x 12-0
N/A
18-0 x 28-0 x 11-0
6-6 x 6-6
25
100,000 - 4
N/A
NOTES:
1. Chart based on approximately 300-450 fpm velocity.
2. Chart dimensions are approximate. Consult Tri-Mer sales engineering for exact size
based on performance requirements. Chart dimensions based on 5-0 packing depth.
3. Recirculation tank size will depend on application, use chart for typical requirements.
4. For applications over 100,000 cfm consult Tri-Mer sales engineering for best options.
5. In all cases UltraScrub will add 3-6 to overall length.
6. Dimensions do not include fan. Consult Tri-Mer sales engineering for single and dual
fan dimension data.
7. Height dimension does not include external recirculation tank.
8. Consult Tri-Mer sales engineering for recirculation rates, pump and fan h.p.
www.tri-mer.com
CORPORATION
1400 Monroe St. P.O. Box 730 Owosso, MI 48867-0730
Phone (989) 723-7838 FAX (989) 723-7844
Email: [email protected]
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