Paul Jones

American Pageant Chapter 2

1. Walter Raleigh
Sir Walter Raleigh, Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall[1] (c. 1552 – 29 October 1618), was a
famed English aristocrat, writer, poet, soldier, courtier, and explorer.
Raleigh was born to a Protestant family in Devon, the son of Walter Raleigh and Catherine
Champernowne. Little is known for certain of his early life, though he spent some time in
Ireland, in Killua Castle, Clonmellon, County Westmeath, taking part in the suppression of
rebellions and participating in two infamous massacres at Rathlin Island and Smerwick, later
becoming a landlord of lands confiscated from the Irish. He rose rapidly in Queen Elizabeth I's
favour, being knighted in 1585, and was involved in the early English colonisation of the New
World in Virginia under a royal patent. In 1591 he secretly married Elizabeth Throckmorton,
one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting, without requesting the Queen's permission, for which he
and his wife were sent to the Tower of London. After his release, they retired to his estate at
Sherborne, Dorset.
2. Sir Francis Drake
Sir Francis Drake, Vice Admiral (1540 – 27 January 1596), was an English sea captain,
privateer, navigator, slaver, a renowned pirate, and politician of the Elizabethan era. Queen
Elizabeth I awarded Drake a knighthood in 1581. He was second-in-command of the English
fleet against the Spanish Armada in 1588, subordinate only to Charles Howard and the
Queen herself. He died of dysentery in January 1596[1] after unsuccessfully attacking San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
3. Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Queen of
Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called the Virgin Queen,
Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty.
The daughter of Henry VIII, she was born a princess, but her mother, Anne Boleyn, was
executed two and a half years after her birth, and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate. Her
brother, Edward VI, bequeathed the crown to Lady Jane Grey, cutting his sisters out of the
succession. His will was set aside, and in 1558 Elizabeth succeeded the Catholic Mary I,
during whose reign she had been imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting
Protestant rebels.
4. John Smith
Captain John Smith (c. January 1580–June 21, 1631) Admiral of New England was an
English soldier, explorer, and author. He is remembered for his role in establishing the first
permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia, and his brief
association with the Native American girl Pocahontas during an altercation with the Powhatan
Confederacy and her father, Chief Powhatan. He was a leader of the Virginia Colony (based
at Jamestown) between September 1608 and August 1609, and led an exploration along the
rivers of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay.
5. Lord De La Warr
Thomas West, 3rd (or 12th) Baron De La Warr (July 9, 1577 – June 7, 1618) was the
Englishman after whom the bay, river, American Indian tribe, and U.S. state, all later called
"Delaware", were named.
6. John Rolfe
John Rolfe (c. 1585 – 1622) was one of the early English settlers of North America. He
is credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the Colony of
Virginia and is known as the husband of Pocahontas, daughter of the chief of the Powhatan
Confederacy.
7. Lord Baltimore
Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (August 8, 1605 – November 30, 1675), usually
called Cecil, was an English coloniser who was the first proprietor of the Maryland colony. He
received the proprietorship that was intended for his father, George Calvert, the 1st Lord
Baltimore, who died shortly before it was granted.
8. Nation-state
The nation-state is a certain form of state that derives its political legitimacy from
serving as a sovereign entity for a nation as a sovereign territorial unit.[1] The state is a
political and geopolitical entity; the nation is a cultural and/or ethnic entity. The term "nation-
state" implies that the two geographically coincide, and this distinguishes the nation state from
the other types of state, which historically preceded it.
9. Joint stock company
A joint stock company (JSC) is a type of business entity: it is a type of corporation or
partnership involving two or more legal persons. Certificates of ownership (or stocks) are
issued by the company in return for each financial contribution, and the shareholders are free
to transfer their ownership interest at any time by selling their stockholding to others.
10. Slavery
Slavery is a form of forced labor in which people are considered to be, or treated as,
the property of others. Slaves can be held against their will from the time of their capture,
purchase or birth, and deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to receive
compensation (such as wages). Evidence of slavery predates written records, and has
existed to varying extents, forms and periods in almost all cultures and continents. In some
societies, slavery existed as a legal institution or socio-economic system, but today it is
formally outlawed in nearly all countries. Nevertheless, the practice continues in various forms
around the world.
11. House of Burgesses
The Virginia House of Burgesses was the elected lower house in the legislative
assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619. Over time, the name
came to represent the entire official legislative body of the Colony of Virginia, and later, after
the American Revolution, the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
12. Royal Charter
In medieval Europe, royal charters were used to create cities (ie, localities with
recognized legal rights and privileges). The date that such a charter was granted is
considered to be when a city was "founded", regardless of when the locality originally began
to be settled.
13. Proprietor (plural proprietors)
1. An owner
2. A sole owner of an unincorporated business, also called a sole proprietor
3. One of the owners of an unincorporated business, a partner
4. (history) One or more persons to whom a colonial territory is assigned, like a fief,
including its administration
14. Indentured servitude
An indentured servant is a laborer under contract to an employer for a fixed period of
time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for their transportation, food, drink, clothing,
lodging and other necessities. Unlike a slave, an indentured servant is required to work only
for a limited term specified in a signed contract.
 15. Sea dogs
Pirates that have the Queen’s permission to be pirates, as long as they use there evil ways against
Spain. Defeated Spain’s Invincible Armada. Sir Francis Drake was one of them.
16. Virginia Company
The Virginia Company refers collectively to a pair of English joint stock companies chartered by
James I on 10 April 1606 with the purposes of establishing settlements on the coast of North America.
The two companies, called the "Virginia Company of London" (or the London Company) and the
"Virginia Company of Plymouth" (or Plymouth Company) operated with identical charters but with
differing territories. An area of overlapping territory was created. Within the area of overlap, the two
companies were not permitted to establish colonies within one hundred miles of each other. The
Plymouth Company never fulfilled its charter, and its territory that later became New England was then
also claimed by France.
17. English Restoration
The English Restoration, or simply put as the Restoration began in 1660 when the English, Scottish
and Irish monarchies were all restored under Charles II after the Commonwealth of England that
followed the English Civil War. The term Restoration may apply both to the actual event by which the
monarchy was restored, and to the period immediately following the event.
Iroquois Confederacy
18. Jamestown
In December 1606, the Virginia Company of London sent an expedition to establish a settlement in
the Virginia Colony, which became Jamestown. After an unusually lengthy trip sailing across the
Atlantic Ocean from England, the three ships, the Susan Constant (sometimes known as the Sarah
Constant), the Godspeed, and the Discovery (smallest of the three) reached the New World at the
southern edge of the mouth of what is now known as the Chesapeake Bay. The ships left Blackwall,
now part of London, with 104 men and boys; 39 of which were the ships' crew, by Captain Christopher
Newport. The voyage was uncommonly long; one of the passengers was found dead in the Caribbean.
After 144 days, it is recorded that 103 of them finally arrived in the New World; there were no women
on the first ships.
19. Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a Christian reform movement in Europe which is generally
deemed to have begun with Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses in 1517 although a number of
precursors such as Johannes Hus predate that event. The Reformation is considered to have ended with
the Peace of Westphalia in 1648; however, many of the denominations that arose during that period
continue to exist and Protestantism constitutes one of the branches of Christianity today.