THE HART FAMILY HAWKER HART & DERIVATIVESAEROGUIDE CLASSICS No 5: THE HART FAMILY Published in Great Britain by Linewrights Lid, P.O. Box 832, Ongar, Essex CMS ONH, England (© 1909 Linewrights Led The contents ofthis book are strictly copyright and may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form without the prior written consent of Linewrights Lid ISBN 0 946958 54 5 Written by Ray Rimell Edited, designed and produced by Roger Chesneau, Colour profile, cutaway and camouflage drawings by Mike Keep. Photo processing by Frank Collins. Typesetting by Typesetters Birmingham) Ltd, Smethwick, West Midlands, Colour reproduction by Columbia Offset (UK) Lid, London, ‘Monochrome reproduction by M&E Reproductions, North Fambridge, Essex. Printing and binding by Black Bear Press Lud, Cambridge. ‘The author and publisher acknowledge THIS SIGNED EDITION IS wih appreciation ihe assistance her by AVAILABLE FROM AND DISTRIBUTED brook: The shutenenty Collection; Brisk EXCLUSIVELY BY Dare and fon Gouden) Dick Ward: Bruce SILVER WINGS PUBLICATIONS LTD, Green; and Bruce Robertson, 10 LONG VIEW, All uncredited illustrations appearing inthis BERKHAMSTED, HERTS HP4 IBY UK. book are from the publisher's collection, Cover ilustration: The Hawker Hind belonging to the Shuttleworth Collection at Old Warden Aerodrome in Bediordshire is the only member of the Hart family ‘currently in airworthy condition, Back cover plate: A Hawker Demon Mk | of No 608 (North Riding) Squadron, Royal Auxiliary Air Force, in 1938, Price £5.00 net UK onlyUU TMI! He a Wes AEROGUIDE NUMBER 5uite simply the Hawker Hart was a great aero- plane, perhaps the greatest to serve with the RAF in the peacetime years between the end of one world, war and the beginning of another. When the Hart first appeared in 1928 its performance was such an improvement over previous aeroplanes of its classifi- cation that it became the outstanding warplane of its day. Designed by Hawker's gifted chief designer Sydney Camm, the Hart had its origins in Air Ministry Specification 1226 for a day bomber to replace the DH9A, a ‘Great War’ veteran, the specified power- plant ‘being the new Rolls-Royce 12-cylinder F.1 Engine. Camm lost little time in preliminary design work, and a full-sized mock-up soon appeared at Hawker’s Canbury Park Road factory in Kingston. The Hawker tender was submitted in early 1927, by which, time Rolls-Royce engineers had developed a radically different F.1 with a greatly improved power-to-weight ratio. With the new engine (later named Kestrel) expected to develop almost 500hp, Camm forecast a top speed of almost 180mph for his new aeroplane. In June 1928 the prototype Hart (J9052) made its maiden flight in the capable hands of George Bulman, subsequent flight testing at Brooklands being carried out in some secrecy. In November J9052 was at Martlesham Heath for comparison trials with the Avro Antelope and Fairey Fox Mk I!, and on virtually every count the Hart emerged as superior. Powered by a 525hp Rolls-Royce Kestrel 1B, J9052 attained a top 1. The fist of fiteen development Harts !9933— 19947), produced to Air Ministry Specification 9/29. Note the 250lb bombs. British Aerospace 2. The ex-Hawker ‘demonstration Han (G- ABMR) in spurious J9933 markings, in about 1959, British Aerospace 3. Hawker Hart K3000. A total of 415 Hart light bombers were built for the RAF during the early 1930s, MP Howley via Richard L Ward 4. Hawker Harts of No 39 ‘Squadron over the inhospitable terrain of Gilgit, India, in about 1931. P Orly via Richard L Ward 5. Four Harts of No 39(8) Squadron at Kotia, india, in 1933; note the stores racks beneath the lower wings. P Only via Richard L Ward 6. K2091, one of No 11 Squadron's Harts (Indian), seen here at the unit's Risalpur base in 1937 or 1938. Richard L Ward Collectionspeed of 184mph at 5000/t, a performance matched by production Harts, of which fifteen were. initially ordered under Specification 929. In January 1930 twelve Harts were delivered to Eastchurch, replacing No 33 (Bomber) Squadron's Horsleys there, and a second order for 32 machines was completed later that year, some of these replacing the Fairey Foxes of No 12 (Bomber) Squadron in 1936. When the Hart entered service it soon proved in air defence exercises that, because its top speed was superior to the fastest RAF fighters, it was virtually immune from interception. An aircraft from the second Hart production batch was sent to India, where it gave such a good account of itself that almost, 60 examples ~ of a variant known as the Hart (India) —were built, these aeroplanes replacing the Westland Wapitis of Nos 11 and 39 Squadrons. Soon afterwards No 60 Squadron also received numbers of Harts (India) which it retained on strength until their replacement by Bristol Blenheims in 1939. The Hart (India) was the first of a long line of Hart derivatives which included fighter, army co-opera- tion, communications, seaplane and trainer variants of the basic design as well as a bewildering number of export versions for many foreign air arms. As the variants proliferated so proper training became all important, and this was ably realised in the Hart Trainer introduced in 1932. Equipped with dual controls, almost 540 Hart Trainers were built in fourHart Day Somber Prototype ras | ‘Hart Day Bomber Prototype | mares | ; my ‘ie it worst amycooe Extent | ron aoe _, i ta Delon Osprey vito emer Twocseat Root fooce amy 6-09 kecralv toe tania Gasoer cee otis sri i “hepsi Taian i i tat ed sina ge Denton ctdaring Grame-Aiine Ko Marcu Tworseat coat i roe tan ese va vied ob Expaent tery Devin! Osprey Oserey Moray f Rosi Gépane _ Seapene i Pecupuese A eee ve fied Se ‘ustaln Osprey 'v Osprer corners ty een” Candpne Seapine reste ‘cay | oy i Hates Harty Suiss Tonal somah Gamer he Ge” ovssowcr Hind oomont Comey Seana xprtnontl earl” wea roomie Mery i Latta Swedish Portagunee terowes tty “ng Ospey Osprey Hoes: Kosrox —Keahely Nonabiterny Seapine 7 Jegosov Saceh no ve ve na Crore) Expert Expert Experimental Expert esa raise Ctter' Steamcooed Ameie oh eeay ; Poon ! vi Single ost onsis ey speryears, most of them produced during the RAF’s years of expansion in the mid-1930s when they formed the equipment of dozens of flying schools. By mid-1933 the Hawker Hart and its derivatives equipped 28 RAF squadrons both at home and abroad, at a time when the Air Ministry laid its foundations for an expansion scheme, a result of Germany's walk-out at the International Disarmament Conference. Fresh specifications were numerous, but it would be some years before the new generation of monoplane fighters and bombers saw squadron service and as an interim measure a replacement for the Hart was realised in the form of the Hawker Hind. The prototype Hind (K2915) was produced to Air Ministry Specification G.724 and made its first flight ‘on 12 September 1934, powered by the fully super- charged 640hp Rolls-Royce Kestrel V. In following months the Hawker team, under Camm, refined the design, improving the prone bomb-aimer's station, replacing the tailskid with a wheel and adopting the cut-down gunner’s cockpit of the Hawker Demon, the fighter version of the Hart. Production Hinds were fitted with ‘ram’s-horn’ exhaust pipes, a characteristic feature of the type. The entire Hind production order, some 581 aero- planes by the end of 1937, was fulfilled by the parent ‘company at its Kingston and Brooklands factories. In all, 26 RAF squadrons were equipped with the type, as were 12 Auxiliary Air Force units, while Hinds also served on the strength of over a score of training schools. The high production figure included almost three dozen machines (fitted with the Mercury VIII radial engine) for Persia; eight (together with several ex RAF Kestrel V powered machines) for Afghanistan; four for Portugal; three for Yugoslavia; three, with Mercury engines, for Latvia; and one for Switzerland. Despite the large numbers built, the Hind, the RAF’s last biplane light bomber, had disappeared from first-line units by the end of June 1939, having been replaced by monoplane Battles, Blenheims and 1. One of many Hart variants produced for overseas air arms was the general-purpose Hawker Hartbees of the South Alrican Air Force. British ‘Aerospace 2. K4636 was the first Hawker Hind of the initial production order and made its maiden flight in September 1935. In its general-purpose day: bomber role the Hind gave invaluable service and was built in large numbers. British Aerospace 3. An immaculate Hawker Hind, K6689 ofthe third production batch. British ‘Aerospace 4. A member ofthe family not easy to recognise from this angle: only the official ‘caption positively ident the aircraft as a Hind Trainer. British Aerospace 5. Aversion of the Hind powered by the Bristol Mercury Vill radial engine was supplied in small numbers to the Imperial Iranian Air Force. British Aerospace 6. Another version of the Hind was supplied to Latvia for general-purpose duties, ‘These were also powered by Bristol Mercury radials. British Aerospace 7. Yugoslavia purchased a rhumber of Hawker Hinds for its air force and these ccould be distinguished by the installation of the Gnome- Rhone K9 radial powerplant. British AerospaceHampdens, although a small number were retained with No. 613 Squadron at Odiham on army co- operation duties until the end of the year. ‘THE FIGHTERS Such were the qualities of the Hart bomber that a fighter version was an inevitable development. The prototype of the new aeroplane, built to Air Ministry Specification 15/30, was converted from the first Hart off the production line (}9933). It was powered by a supercharged Kestrel 1S; a second forward-firing Vickers gun was installed (on the starboard fuselage side); the bomb-aimer’s floor station was deleted; and a cut-away rear cockpit was fitted, with an angled gun ring to improve the field of fire. Demonstrating a top speed of over 182mph at 13,000ft, the new aeroplane was put into production as’ the Hart Fighter, the first six forming a flight with No. 23 Squadron at Kenley which already operated Bristol Bulldog single-seaters The new aircraft proved to be greatly superior to the Bulldog. New production orders were placed in 1932 and the aeroplane, now renamed the Demon, went on to serve with eight RAF and five Auxiliary squadrons. Manufacture of the Demon was also undertaken by Boulton Paul Aircraft of Norwich and Wolverhampton, and from October 1936 all Wolver- hampton Demons were fitted with a Frazer Nash hydraulic turret with a ‘lobster back’ shield to protect, the rear gunner from the blast of the slipstream. During 1935 Demons of Nos 23 and 41 Squadrons were despatched to the Middle East to reinforce the 1. Believed to be K1953, this aeroplane is one of six pre- production Hart Fighters built in 1931. Note the early form of gunner’s shield fited to the rear cockpit. British Aerospace 2. Renamed the Demon, the Hart fighter variant saw service with over fifteen RAF squadrons. K2986 is seen here along with five other Demons in colourful squadron decor at the Mildenhall Royal Review of 1935, Richard L Ward Collection 3. From October 1936 Hawker Demons irom the Boulton Paul works at Wolverhampton were fitted with a Frazer Nash hydraulic sun turrel. tis seen here on K5705 of No 23 Squadron, Richard L Ward Collection 4. A close-up view of the Frazer Nash tueret and lobster back’ shield on a Hawker Demon, January 1935, British Aerospace 5. An early example of the Hawker Osprey designed for naval use, Note the additional siruts bracing the lower wing, to the fuselage. British Aerospace10 RAF during the Abyssinian Crisis, and two new units, Nos 64 and 74, were formed with Demons at Heliopolis and Malta respectively. There were at least five Demon variants, including the Australian Demon, 64 of which were supplied to the RAAF, ten of these being dual-purpose trainers and target-tugs. OSPREY, AUDAX, HARDY, HECTOR In 1926, the year in which the original Air Ministry specification which resulted in the Hart was issued, there was yet another requirement, 022/26, this time for a two-seat fleet reconnaissance aeroplane. The necessary features included folding wings, provision for interchangeable wheel and float undercarriages and an airframe sturdy enough to withstand the rigours of frequent catapult launches. For three years no satisfactory design was tendered, but then the Hart prototype, on completing its initial trials, was suitably modified Two prototypes of the new aeroplane, to be called the Osprey, were ordered in 1931 (completed to Naval Specification 19/30) and were followed by a modest production order for 20 machines. The 1. The Audax army co- operation version appeared in 1931 and replaced the ‘Armstrong Whitworth Atlas and Westland Wapiti in RAF service. British Aerospace 2. An Osprey Mk Ill with a dark fuselage fight sash. J D R Rawlings via Richard L Ward 3. Osprey floatplanes served aboard a number of HM ships during the mid-1930s, D Green via Richard L Ward 4, Hawker Audax K4852 of No 26 Squadron. D Green via Richard L Ward 5. A camouflaged Audax, 3105, in the Middle East. F Taylor via Richard Ward 6, Hawker Hector prototype 3719 with the distinctive Napier Dagger installation that distinguished this variant, British Aerospace 7. Hawker Hardy K4053 in the Middle East. Richard L Ward CollectionOspreys (with wheeled undercarriages) were distri- buted between No 404 Flight (HMS Courageous) and No 409 Flight (HMS Eagle). A further batch, of seventeen machines, was ordered later, some of these aircraft serving as gunnery spotters aboard the light cruisers Achilles and Leander. A contract for the Osprey 1! with floats followed, most of the fourteen production aeroplanes serving with No 711 Squadron on a number of British heavy cruisers. By 1933 the principal production aircraft, the Hawker Osprey Mk Ill, had appeared, over 50 being delivered between 1933 and 1935. This variant was powered by the 630hp Kestrel IIMS engine. For reasons of space it is impossible to detail each and every one of the many Hart variants produced but mention must be made of several significant deriva- tives. One such was the Audax - the army co- operation version of the Hart built to Air Ministry Specification 7/31 — of which over 700 were built. It could be rapidly distinguished by its long exhaust pipes and the message collection hook pivoting on the undercarriage spreader bar. The Hardy was similar to the Audax but was designed for more general duties and service in the Near East, where a few saw operational use in World War Il. The most easily recognisable of the Hart variants was the Hector, a replacement for the Audax, powered by the 805hp Napier Dagger IIMS (which drastically trans- formed the sleek lines of the original Hart nose) and featuring straight wings in place of its predecessors’ slightly swept planform. ‘THE HART FAMILY: PRODUCTION Han wos Fury 262) Pon7 1 (Norn 2 Demon 306 (Nimrod a Osprey 138 oS Bre Cosal 350) Hardy 8 Fro 1 Gast 1 + ne Swedish production of 2 Hartbe Gre des Hind 582 Fine Atiean production of 65 Hector 79 tec Total 3075 Note:The price of Ha, without an engine, was quoted at £1750 fora awe but aera and £1375 for ane manulactured by Vicker 1. K3012 was one of several Perseus-pawered Hart fitted with an enclosed canopy and ski undercarriage for col: weather operations in Canada. British Aerospace 2. A Jupiter-powered Hart wearing the chulian registration G-ABTN. British Aerospace 3. Har K1102 was fitted with asteam-cooled Kestrel ‘engine and an experimental semi-enclosed cabin for the pilot. British Aerospace 4. The service serial K6926 ‘was allotted to the Hawker IPV-4 ‘private venture’ aircraft for trials purposes. British Aerospace 5. The experimental installation of a Panther radial engine in a Hawker Hart aiftame provides an intimate slimpse of cockpit internals and the Vickers gun installation. Briush Aerospace 6, K3036 was the Hart PV12, used by Rolls-Royce as an ‘engine testbed. British ‘Aerospace 7. The naval version of the snappy Hawker Fury single- seat fighter was the Nimrod, This photograph shows the single example to be delivered to Japan. British ‘Aerospace 8, Nimrod Mk K2912 of 800 Naval Air Squadron, seen here aboard the aircraft carrier HMS Courageous in May 1934. / D R Rawlings via Richard L Ward 9, The sleekest of all the Hawker single-seat fighter designs was the Fury I, fited with the 640hp Kestrel VI ‘engine which provided some 20 per cent more power than the Kestrel IS of the Mk 1 version. British Aerospace1. Several examples of the Hart family have survived the ravages of time but only one remains in an airworhy condition, This isthe ex Aighan Hind owned by the Shuttleworth Trust. The ‘aeroplane has been lovingly restored over many years and currently beats the colouril ‘markings of No 15 Squadron RAF. Itis this beautifully ‘maintained example of the breed which forms the main subject of the photo essay ‘which appears on this and the following pages. 2 1988 a thorough tengine overhaul allowed visitors to the Shuttleworth Collection at Old Warden a rare glimpse of the engine compartment of the Hind and ‘much of its fuselage structure. The Trust's example is one of two ex Afghan Air Force Hinds in the UK, the other forming part of the Sydney ‘Camm Memorial Collection atthe RAF Museum. RL Rimell 3, The extension of the Shuttleworth Hind’s spinner is, a claw, or dog, for use with the Hucks powered aeroplane starter, a device bbased on a Model T Ford chassis and frequently demonstrated at Old Warden, 4, The six-branch exhaust system of the Shuttleworth find’s Kestrel V engine contrasts strongly with 5... the distinctive three- branch ‘ram’s-horn’ version of ‘many other examples, and of this Hartbees which is preserved at the South African War Museum at Saxonwvald BGreen 6. With the various engine Panels removed, the close cowling of the Rolls-Royce Kestrel becomes evident. The ‘640hp Kestrel V gave the Hind a sprightly performance with speeds in excess of ‘over 16,0008. 7. The radiator bath of the Shuttleworth Hind. The unit was retractable; one of the retraction arms is just visible 8. In this view the offset Paxition of the Potts oil cooler is clearly evident, Note the quick-release fasteners around the edges of the ol Cooler inspection panel and the forward undercarriage leg attachment points16 HAWKER OSPREY Mk 1 SEAPLANE BASIC SPECIFICATION Dimensions: Span 374 Oin, (folded) 15f 754in; length 31ft 94in, landplane configuration) 29% in; height 12f Sin, (landplane) 10 Sin wing area 339 sq ft Powerplant: One Roll Royce Kestrel IIMS rated at 630hp. Weights: Empty (landplane) 34001b; loaded 5560, (landplane) 49001. Performance: Maximum speed 144mph, (landplane) T65mph; service ceiling 20,700f, (landplane) 23,5008: climb rate 120084 ‘min, (landplane) 16004/min; endurance over 2h, KEY TO CUTAWAY 1. Starter dog, 2. Watts wooden propeller. 3. Rolls-Royce Kestrel IMS V12 liquid-cooled engine. Exhaust manifold Header tank. 3. Centre-section struts, Wing centre-section gravity fuel tank, Main fuel tank. Oil tank Oil cooler. Retractable radiator. Pilot’ instrument panel. Gun sight Pilot’s control column, 3. 0.303in Vickers gun, Pilots seat, Bomb sight mounting. Wind-driven generator, Pilot's headrest. ‘Ammunition drums. Pitot/static tube. Interplane ‘N’ stu. 23. Universal gun mounting, 24. 0.303in flexibly mounted Lewis gun, 25. Automatic wing slots 26, Aileron actuator. 27. Aerial reel mounting, 28. Ait fuselage structure, 29. Artester hook (for use in landplane configuration) 30. Elevator control cables, 31. Rudder control cables, 32. Tailplane support struts, 33. Fin/rudder construction, 34, Water rudders, 35. Water rudder control cables 36. 1121b bombs, 37. Float support struts, 38. Short Type 1 floats.331841. One of several Hawker Hart demonstrators was given the civil registration G-ABMR, and this aeroplane, which gave numerous displays in Europe during the early 1930s, was powered by a succession of Kestrel variants, twas mainly because of G- ABMR'S foreign tours that such large numbers of Hart variants were sold to overseas air forces. The aeroplane was maintained in flying condition by Hawker Aircraft after World War I, for a tim ‘wearing a distinctive royal blue colour scheme wth gold trim. Latterly it appeared in spurious No 57 Squadron markings, and itis now displayed in the RAF Museum. British Aerospace 2. Cenire-section details of the Shuttleworth Hind, Note the aerodynamic fairing at the base of the forward starboard strut and the almost universal use of streamlined bracing, known to all ex RAF riggers and fitters as ‘Rafwires’ 3. Rear starboard fuselage, the fabric covering being reinforced with thin ply around the slots through ‘which pass the elevator control cables. 4. Port plywood, fabric- covered fuselage panel removed to reveal internal details ofthe Shuttleworth Hind, Note the ply reinforcement around the cable exit, as seen externally in the photograph alongside, Aso of interest are the tubular ‘guides for both elevator and rudder control cables and the rubber binding of the metal structure to avoid chafing of the lower (rudder) cable runs ‘which are entirely internal. 5. In order to fly the Hind without a rear passenger, anid still maintain the desired CG, ‘weights totalling 100Ib are fitted either side of the fuselage. 6. Access to the relatively high Hind cockpits was aided by two internal steps covered by sprung flaps and one. sturdy external ‘step-up 7. Clear panels let into the lower fuselage sides provided increased illumination for the observer/bomb aimer, who took up a prone position prior to releasing the ordnancea 1. An official photograph revealing the light alloy construction of the Hawker Hart's empennage and rear fuselage structure. To the basic tubular framework were added light plywood vertical supports and a number of lateral stingers which gave the fuselage its pleasing shape. The light-gauge tubing used for tail construction may be noted. British Aerospace 2. The elegant tal surfaces of the Har family are emphasized in this study of the Shuttleworth Hind, Points to nate include the fabric stitching covered by strips of fabric prior to final doping: the generous gap between the horizontal tailplane and the base of the fin; and the style of the control horns 3. Starboard tailplane detail showing the balanced elevator and fin bracing to advantage. Despite ‘appearances, all surfaces, ‘apart from the fin, are doped in aluminium, 4, Starboard tailplane underside with appropriate stencil legends applied in black dope following the manufacturer's original practice. Note the drain holes at each rib station running the length ofthe trailing edges of both fying and control surfaces, allowing the egress fof moisture which would otherwise be trapped within the structure 5. Starboard rear fuselage derail, showing the ply. reinforced exit slot for the doubled rudder control cables. Below the tailplane (which was adjustable for trimming) the fuselage is covered with alloy panels easily removable for access to the tail post and mounting. bracket for the tallwhee! (which latter was introduced (on the Hind, replacing the sprung talskid of the Hart, This view also clearly ilustrates the hollow alloy fairings around the tailplane bracing struts 6. Port rear fuselage detail, showing the elevator control hhom and cable guides under the leading edge of the tailplane, the lower rudder hhinge and the doubled contol cables,1. Worthy of close study is this exaggerated aspect of the Shuttleworth Hind which reveals interplane strut deiails, the disposition of the ‘metal panels on the fuselage, the bomb aimer’s ‘illuminating’ panels and the trough for the Vickers machine gun (the weapon itself not fited on the Shuttleworth Hind). Note the airspeed indicator (pitot head) fon the forward interplane strut and the sturdy Vickers oleo-sprung undercarriage 2, Two overhead gravity fuel tanks were installed in the ccentre-section of the upper wing and in this photograph the twin fuel cocks can be seen. Note the lacing around the periphery of the leather cockpit coaming 3. Hind upper wing centre: Section as viewed from the port side; the fuel tank plumbing is evident from this Angle. The main fuel tank was situated on the upper fuselage longerons between the Centre-section struts. 4, A streamlined faring neatly conceals the fixing point for the forward port-side centre- section strut. Note the inspection flap behind the leading edge of the starboard upper wing. 5. Port upper wing tip, showing the leading-edge slot and the Frise aileron. Just visible behind the rearmost interplane struts the aileron control horn. Note the method of applying the wing fabric covering by ‘stitching’ bolts together and applying them to the airframe at 45 degrees ~ common practice for fabric applied in this manner, with the strongest fibres laced at right angles to the airstream, enabling the covering to cope better with conditions of heavy airloading. The practice was rnot new, having been pioneered before World War Tron many early types. 6, Starboard lower wing root, neatly firing the fuselage-to- swing gap. 7. Starboard interplane strut and forward landing wit 8, Port lower wing tip, showing the cord wrapping of the wing structure for ground handling purposes.1. G-AMPR, the ex-Hawker demonstration Har, in 9933 uise, photographed in its element during 1961. It has since been grounded and currently wears the equally spurious serial 19941 in its present location at the RAF Museum, Hendon. Alongside is an example of the Hart Trainer and also an Afghan Hind which is fited with bomb racks, flare brackets pick-up hook, underwing panniers and other military equipment typical of that carried by these workhorses, Al three of these classic survivors are worthy of close attention by aviation enthusiasts. British Aerospace 2, Port undercarriage whee! of the Shuttleworth Hind, Hawker Aircraft specified an ‘800mm x 150mm Dunlop for theie Hat Il design, 3. Starboard undercarriage leg and wheel detail. Note the brake cables. 4. In this view ofthe fuselage Underside the port retraction arm for the radiator is clearly seen. Also visible is the clear panel let into the fuselage belly for use by the bomb aimer and, alongside ths, the venturi pipe for the turn and bank indicator. 5. Starboard lower fuselage detail, showing the forward undercarriage leg fixture and the wide alloy fairing to cover the oleo. 6. Tallwhee! detail of the Shuttleworth Hind,26 1. Pilot's and gunner/bomb aimer’s positions on the Hawker Hind, The angled ‘gun ring was designed to improve the arc offre. 2. Detail of the rear Universal ‘gun mounting for the Lewis machine gun. Note the bungee cord and pulleys providing the necessary tensioning, 3. Par of the Hind instrument panel. The principal instruments visible are (from left right) the air speed indicator, the turn and bank indicator, he boost pressure gauge, the oil pressure gauge, the oil temperature gauge, and the radiator and temperature gauge. The third row, at extreme right, includes the starter switch and oxygen regulation instruments, and the standard RAF compass is just visible beyond the pilot's control column. 4. With its side panels removed, the Shuttleworth Hind reveals intimate details of the cockpit area rarely seen, including the cartridge ejection chute for the Vickers sgun and the large wheel for trimming the tailplane; also visible are the elevator control hom and rudder cable pulleys. The Shuttleworth Hind is bereft of most military equipment: in the 1930s the interior of a service machine would be a good deal more cluttered than this! 5. The Universal gun ring as fitted to most versions of the Hawker Hart family. British Aerospace 6. Lewis machine gun as fitted to the Shuttleworth Hind. Note the stowage clip fon the fuselage to hold the muzzle in place. 7. A.wide vatiety of stores ccould be slung beneath the wings of the Fart family, Here Audax K3717 carties four 2016 practice bombs on its inboard rack. F Taylor via Richard L Ward 8. Clutches of 112Ib bombs are seen on the tacks of this Audax in 1939. Richard L Ward Collection 9. The Hawker Hartbees preserved in Saxonwald, South Africa carries 20lb practice bombs below its ‘wings. B Green ereHAWKER AUDAX TRAINER No 18 Elementary & Reserve Flying Training School, 1938 Spinner: Trainer Yellow Propeller: Polished natural wood Al roundels Type ‘): Bright blue! whiteybright re ieerete red Note: K3712 is shown painted in the ‘shadow- shaded! camouflage scheme, with the upper surfaces of the lower wing finished in lighter colouring than the remainder of the scheme in ‘order to compensate for the shadows thrown by the upper wing Interplane struts Trainer Yellow Exhaust pipes: Trainer Yellow Undensing / sera: Black ‘Trainer Yellow 1:72 scale29 Uppersuriace ‘camouflage: Dark Earth Upper mainplane tips: Trainer Yellow | | S Exhaust manifolds: Stained bronze Uppersurface ‘camouflage: Dark Green ‘ : - SEs i K& La | / / i Uppersurface camoutlage: Light Green | Elevators: Trainer Yellow Uppersurface ‘camouflage: Dark Green Undercarriage and wheel covers: Uppersurtace ‘camouflage: Dark Earth Uppersurface ‘camouflage: Light Earth Tailin serials: Black Fuselage serials Trainer Yellow Fuselage sides: Trainer Yellow Black30 Hawker Hart, No 11 Squadron, May 1938 Silver doped, natural metal forward fuselage, Red fuselage £ stripes: yellow wheel covers: black and white squadron marking on fin. Black serials Hawker Osprey Mik I, 803 Naval Ai Squadron, HMS Hermes, 1935 Siver doped, Cerux Grey forward fuselage. Green fuselage sash with white number; gold, blue, white and black squadron badge with black, yellow and white hornet superimposed. Black serial numbers, Red float stipes. Hawker Hart Trainer, RAF College, Cranwell, 1934 Siver doped, natural metal forward fuselage. Red and siker wheel covers. Black serial and code let. Hawker Turret Demon Mk I, 2 No 23 Squadron, 1937 z Siiver doped, natural metal : forward fuselage. Red and blue squadron markings along fuselage; siver wheel covers. Black serial vy. Hawker Hind Mk |, No 103 oe a Squadron, late 1936 = Silver doped, natural metal =—— = 4 forward fuselage. Yellow whee! covers; yellow fuselage number FE tutlned in black. Black soil31 Hawker Audax, No 28 Squadron, December 1939 Siiver doped, natural metal forward tuslage. Blue whee! ‘covers lack serial and code eters. Hawker Hardy Mk 1, No 30 Squadron, c1937 Silver doped, natural metal forward fuselage. Black squadron marking on fin; red wheel covers. Black serials (outlined in white actoss red and blue portions of stripes. Hawker Australian Demon, No 22 Squadron RAAF, 1936 Silver doped, natural metal forward fuselage. Blue fuselage bands; dak blue wheel covers Black seria Hawker Hartbees, SAAF, 1937 Silver doped, natural metal forward fuselage. Orange, white and blue national markings. Red fuselage stripe; ted and black fn. Black serial and code leer, E Hawker Estonian Hart, mid 1930s Silver doped, natural metal Ze : forward fuselage, Blue, black and = ‘white national markings. Slack fuselage number with blue ‘shadow’32 Hawker Hector, Irish Air Corps, 1940 Dark Green and Dark Earth ccamouilage, silver undersuraces {Green and orange national markings, om white quae 09 fuselage only; 20in wide green, white and orange underw stripes, Black useage and tunderwing numbers Hawker Osprey Mk ill (Madified), Marine Aircrat Establishment, Felixstowe, 1935 Siver doped, Cerrax Grey forward fuselage. Black serial numbers Red oat stripes. Hawker Hind, Latvian Air Force, 1938-39 Clive green uppersurtaces, ser doped undersuraces, natural metal forward fuselage, National markings red on white disc (no disc on upper wing surface Black serial number outed in white Hawker Jugolay Hind, 1938 Silver doped, natural metal forward fuselage Light blue, ‘white and red national markings Black fuselage number Hawker Persian Audax, 1936 Silver doped, light grey forward fuselage. Green, white and red rational markings. Black cowling and fin and rudder numberIs your reference library complete? LUnemights publications provide ‘unrivalled pictorial coverage of {eros slat rom the 1950 up tothe pres dy, wit the ace on high-quality, rina! Photographs in large format, face up by «concise, perinent commentary sd precision ine Aris Pach ce ha fale felour cover including, nthe ‘Asoctins ranges a super presentation prof, and most fave addition, four pages of raat colo photogrphs Produced withthe discerning ust n ind, these books ‘0d opi an acl reference Wary forall ho are ners In pale nation PHANTOM SQUADRONS by Richatd L Ward ‘69pp. 21 photos, 20 ne drawings. ‘conbound HUNTER SQUADRONS by Richard L Ward (pp, 201 photos, 67 ne drawings EAP by Bill Gunston opp, 1 phos, 12 Une drawings AEROGUIDES ach pp. average 90 photos and 10 Tine doings Hasser Seley Harr GR MT ae ¢ 14 SkvHAWE. McDowell Dols 4-49 Shan 15 INTRUDER Gee 29: HORNET Nope Douglas F184 Hore 2: TORNADO ADV ‘nara Tornado Mk 29082 meu Geel Dynamics FTE 2a THUNDERROLT arch Repub 4-108 Tanderble 24: TORNADO Ibs Fonts Torado CRM 25: TIGER SQUADRON PHANTOM Donnell Douglas FA}UK) Pho 2: VARRIER GR S Brash Aeaspace Hare GR M3 AEROGUIDE CLASSICS Tach pp average 85 pos ad 19 ine dinetngs 1: SerTFIRE Supermarine Spire MY Messerschnit Bf 1098 Sc LANCASTER Awotancser Mk 4-swoRDASH Fave Swordich Mk Hower Hart ont dereines Linewrights Ltd P.O Box 832, Ongar, Essex CM5 ONH975856199608 11 6 Hawker Lemon Mh J