Scribd
Upload
801 views3 pages

MAT244 Khanin MIDTERM SOLUTIONS

This document provides solutions to problems on a midterm test involving differential equations. The high-level summaries are: 1) The differential equation for a function with a specific slope property is dy/dx = xy. An example solution is y = Dex^2/2. 2) The uniqueness theorem does not guarantee a unique solution for the given initial value problem due to discontinuity in the partial derivative. Two solutions are found: y = (x^2/3)^(3/2) and y ≡ 0. 3) Two first-order differential equations are solved: y' + 3x^2y = x^2e^-x^3 yields y = e^-x

Uploaded by

RevownSada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
801 views3 pages

MAT244 Khanin MIDTERM SOLUTIONS

This document provides solutions to problems on a midterm test involving differential equations. The high-level summaries are: 1) The differential equation for a function with a specific slope property is dy/dx = xy. An example solution is y = Dex^2/2. 2) The uniqueness theorem does not guarantee a unique solution for the given initial value problem due to discontinuity in the partial derivative. Two solutions are found: y = (x^2/3)^(3/2) and y ≡ 0. 3) Two first-order differential equations are solved: y' + 3x^2y = x^2e^-x^3 yields y = e^-x

Uploaded by

RevownSada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Midterm test SOLUTIONS

1. (18 pts)
a) Write a differential equation describing a function y(x) with the
following property: the slope of the tangent to the graph at a point
(x, y) is the product of the coordinates x and y.
Solution.
.

dy
= xy.
dx
b) Give an example of such a function by solving the differential equation.
Solution. Separating the variables, we have
Z
dy Z
= xdx,
y
x2
+ C,
2
2
y = Dex /2 .

ln |y| =

2. (20 pts)
a) Does the Existence and Uniqueness Theorem guarantee the uniqueness of a solution for the initial value problem
dy

= x 3 y, y(0) = 0?
dx
Solution. No, as the partial derivative of the right-hand side with
respect to y is

(x 3 y)
x
= xy 2/3 =
3
y
y2
which is not continuous at (0, 0).
Solve the initial value problem to see if the solution is unique.
Solution. Separating the variables, we have
dy
= xdx, or y 0

3 y
The first equation produces the solution y = (x2 /3)3/2 to our initial
value problem, however, the second equation y 0 is also a solution.
Hence, the solution is not unique.
3. (20 pts) Solve the following first-order differential equations:
3
a) y 0 + 3x2 y = x2 ex
Solution. This is a first order linear equation. The integrating factor
is
R 2
3
e 3x dx = ex .
Multiplying by it, we have
3

(ex y)0 = x2 ,
3

ex y = x3 /3 + C,
1

2
3

y = ex (x3 /3 + C).
b) y 0 1 =

yx+1

Solution. We make a substitution v = y x + 1. Then y = v + x 1,


and y 0 = v 0 + 1. Hence,

v 0 = v.
Solving this separable equation, we obtain


v=

x+c
2

and


y=

x+c
2

2

2

+x1

4. (18 pts) Population of fish at a fish farm measured in thousands


is described by a logistic differential equation with harvesting:
dP
= 0.1P (9 P ) 2.
dt
a) Find the equilibrium soultions and draw a phase diagram to classify
them as stable/unstable.
Solution. Setting the right-hand side equal to zero, we have
P (9 P ) 20 = 0,
P 2 9P + 20 = 0,
(P 4)(P 5) = 0,
hence the equilibrium solutions are P 4 and P 5. The phase
diagram is
< (4) > (5) < .
b) If the initial population is P (0) = 3 (thousand), will there be a
moment t > 0 when P (t) = 3.5? With this initial population is the
farm going to be sustainable? (You do not have to solve the equation).
Solution. Since P (t) decreases if P (0) < 4, such a moment of time
will not exist. The farm will not be sustainable as eventually P (t) = 0.
5. (10 pts) Use the Wronskian to verify that the functions e2x and
cos x are linearly independent. (Justify your reasoning carefully).
Solution. The Wronskian is

e2x
cos x

W = 2x
2e
sin x

= e2x (sin x + 2 cos x).

Since W (0) = 2 6= 0, the Wronskian is not identically zero, and


therefore the functions are linearly independent.
6. (14 pts) Find the general solutions of the equation:
y 00 + 2y 0 3y = 0.
Solution. The characteristic equation is
r2 + 2r 3 = 0,
(r + 1)2 = 4,
r1 = 3, r2 = 1.
Hence, y = c1 e3x + c2 ex .

You might also like