ThePowerWorld Simulator
CaseEditor
I1:SimulatorCaseEditor
2014PowerWorld Corporation
Overview
Simulatorseamlesslyintegratestwofunctions
oncecommonlyseparatedinpowerflow
software:
Graphicalpowersystemcaseeditor
PowerFlowpackagewithmanyrelatedanalysis
tools:
ContingencyAnalysis,TimeStepSimulation,Sensitivity
Analysis,LossAnalysis,FaultAnalysis,OPF,PVQV,ATC,
SCOPF
Also,TransientStabilityandDistributedComputing
haverecentlybecomeavailable
I1:SimulatorCaseEditor
2014PowerWorld Corporation
StartingSimulator
Onstartup,click
File ontheribbon
toaccesstheFile
Menu
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ModesofOperation
Thegraphicalpowersystemcaseeditorand
thepowerflowpackageareimplementedin
Simulatorstwodistinctmodes:
EditMode
RunMode
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EditMode
Tasks
Createnewpowerflowcases
Modifyexistingcases
Abilities
Casescanbemodifiedeithergraphicallyorviatext
displays
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RunMode
Standalonepowerflow
Powerflowanalysistoolsandsensitivities
ContingencyAnalysis
TimeStepSimulation
OptimalPowerFlow(OPF)
PVandQVCurveTools(PVQV)
AvailableTransferCapability(ATC)
SecurityConstrainedOPF(SCOPF)
SensitivityAnalysis
LossAnalysis
FaultAnalysis
TransientStability
Geomagnetically InducedCurrent(GIC)
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EditMode
Usedtocreateanewcaseormodifyanexisting
case.
UsetheRibbonbuttonstoswitchbetween
modes.
YoucanswitchtoEditModeatjustaboutany
timeduringasimulation.
ThetoolsandtechniquesofEditModewillbe
introducedbycreatinganewpowerflowcase
andbymodifyinganexistingcase.
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CreatingaNewCase
ClicktheFileMenu,thenselectNewCase.
ModeisautomaticallyswitchedtoEdit.
Promptedtosaveanyexistingcase.
Displaythenturnstodefaultoneline
backgroundcolor.
Casemaybebuiltbygraphicallyplacingobjects
ontheoneline.
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Enteringabus
Clickanywhereontheoneline andselectthe
Drawribbontab.
Inordertoinsertabus,selectNetwork Bus
Selectpointonscreen.
BusOptions dialogisdisplayed
setbusnumberto1
setbusnametoONE
checkSystemSlackBus field
selectOK
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BusOptionsDialog
Eachelectricalislandneedsaslackbusfor
powerbalance(pickupslack)
SelectOK to
savechangesAND
closethedialog
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Usedtocustomize
oneline
appearance
Usedtocancelbus
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EnteringaGenerator
SelectNetwork Generator fromtheDraw
ribbontab.
Clickondesiredbus.
GeneratorOptions dialogisdisplayed
Enter0 intheMWOutput fieldoftheMWand
VoltageControltab
MakesureAnchored boxischecked
ClickOKtoacceptdefaultvaluesofremainingfields
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GeneratorDialog
Terminal
busnumber
andname.
Status
Cost
models
Usedto
customize
display
appearance
Voltage/reactive
powercontrol
fields
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Rotor
shape
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OnelineDiagram
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SavingtheCase
Tosavetheworkdonesofar,selectSaveCase,
fromtheFileMenu.
Beforecaseissaved,validationisruntomake
suretherearenoerrors.
ValidationresultsaredisplayedinMessageLog
display.Toviewthemessagelog,clickonLog
buttonintheToolsribbontab
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DefaultSaveCaseFormats
Thepowerflowcaseitselfissavedusingthe
PowerWorldBinaryformat(*.pwb).
TheonelineissavedusingthePowerWorld
Displayformat(*.pwd).
Savingtheonelineinformationinaseparate
fileallowsusing:
Multipleonelineswiththesamecase
Asingleonelinewithdifferentcases
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EnteringaSecondBus
AgainselecttheDrawribbontab,Network Bus
ClicktotherightofthebusONE
SetbusnametoTWO
Tomodelaload,selectAttachedDevicestab,click
AddorEditBusLoad,setConstantPowerMW to200
andConstantPowerMvar to100.
SelectNetwork Loadtoenteraloadsymbol
SetOrientation toup
EnsureAnchored boxischecked
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UndoOnelineActions
Accidentaleditsononelinediagramcanbeundone
FoundonDraw ribbontab
DoesnotworkwithCaseInformationDisplays
Doesnotaffectchangestopowerflowcase
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EnteringaTransmissionLine
Transmissionlinesaredrawnasaseriesofline
segments
Toenteratransmissionlinebetweenbuses1and2
SelecttheDraw ribbontab,Network TransmissionLine.
Clickonbus1.Thisbeginsprocessofinsertingtheline.
Movecursortodesiredlocation,thenleftclicktoentera
segment,doubleclickonterminalbustoend.
Note:Clickinganddraggingmousewhendrawing
transmissionlinesisusuallyNOTrecommended.This
willproduceacurvedlinewithmanysegments.
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EnteringaTransmissionLine
Afterdoubleclicking,TransmissionLine/Transformer
Options dialogisdisplayed
From andToBuses andCircuit aresetautomatically
SetSeriesResistance to0.02
SetSeriesReactance to0.08
SetShuntCharging to0.1.
SetShuntConductance to0.
SetLimitA(MVA) ratingfieldto400.
selectOK
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TransmissionLineDialog
Terminal
busesare
usuallyset
automatically
Line
parameters
Linestatus
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Simulator
allowseight
different
limits
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TextFields
Descriptivetextfieldscanbeaddedtotheoneline by
selectingBackground TextfromtheDrawribbon
tab.
EntertextFirstCase towardstopofoneline
Tochangefontandbackgroundcoloroftextfields:
Selectthetextfield
SelecttheFormatbutton
Changethefonttoblue,26pointandthebackgroundto
white.
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BusFields
Busfieldsshowinformationaboutbusdevices,
includingloadsandgenerators.
Fieldscanbeenteredautomatically,or
manually.ChooseFieldintheDraw ribbontab.
Canchoosetypeoffield,digitstorightandleft
ofdecimal,andwhetherornotitisanchored.
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LineFields
Linefieldsshowinformationabout
transmissionlinesandtransformers.
Forlinefields,flowisalwaysspecifiedatan
endofthetransmissionlineortransformer.
Endisnormallydeterminedautomaticallyby
insertionpoint.
JustlikeTextFields,BusandLinefieldscanbe
formattedusingtheoptionsintheFormatting
ribbongroup.
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SolvingtheCase
Tosolvethecase,clickonRunMode.
OnlypermittedtochangetoRunModeifthere
arenoerrors.Notethatasystemslackbus
mustbeset.
Toanimatethesimulation,gototheTools
ribbontabandselectthePlay buttoninthe
PowerFlowToolsribbongroup.
Ifnotvisible,clickonLogtoseeabackstage
viewofthepowerflowsolution.
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CaseOptions
Tomodifyanimatedlineflows,selectthe
Onelines ribbontab Oneline Display
Options.IntheDialog:
clickontheAnimatedFlowsPage
checkShowFlowSymbols
checkUseFillColor
clickonActualMWFillColor
selectalightgreencolor
selectOK
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InsertingPieCharts
Piechartsareusuallyautomaticallyinserted.
Formanuallyinserting,selecttheDraw ribbon
tab,Pies/Gauges LineFlowPieChart. Then
clickonthelinemidpoint.
Thepiechartsareusedtographicallyindicate
thepercentageloadingofeachline.
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AutoFieldInsertion
ClicktheFieldPositionsTab
Typeof
fieldsbeing
modified
Clickon
Positionsto
AddorChange
FieldType
Displayed
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Model Explorer
Encapsulates most Case Information
Displays
Provides means of navigating through
almost all of the data in the model
Available from a few places
Case Information Ribbon Tab
Tools Ribbon Tab
Quick Access Toolbar
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Model Explorer
Explore Pane
Recent Tabs
Options Pane
Case Information
Toolbar
Object Types
with no data
grayed-out
Note: The option available on
the Case Information right-click
local menu are now all available
on the Case Information Toolbar
directly above the display
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Search Toolbar
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Case Information Displays
Case Information Displays show the power system
model data and results in tabular format
Case information displays show information about
buses
generators
lines/transformers
loads
areas, zones
and everything else
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Model Explorer:
Generator Case Information Display
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Case Information Displays
Most case information displays can be opened from the
Model Explorer
Case info displays also are integrated into many Simulator dialogs.
Case Information Features
Find, Search For Text
Sorting
Filtering
Copy/Paste to/from a spreadsheet
Column Contouring
Column Metrics
Etc
Custom Case Info Display
Show different fields, change colors
Create entire custom workbooks showing specific information
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Case Information Toolbar
Many common Case Information Display actions are
available from the Case Information Toolbar
By default, this toolbar is visible with all case information
displays
Copy, Paste, and
Find Search Text
Show Dialog
Set Decimal
Places
Auto-Size
Column
Widths
Send
Bus View
Set Field Values
Advanced
Sort
Advanced
Refresh
Filter
Geographic Data
Auxiliary
Headings,
View
File Options
Highlight
Set
Define
Key Fields,
Get
Column
Area/Zone
Expressions, etc.
etc.
Metrics, etc.
Filters
Display/Column
Options
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Advanced Filter Dialog
Type of object being filtered
Check to Limit
the Fields
available to
those which
are shown on
the case info
display
Logical
Comparator
Conditions
Click to delete a condition
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Advanced Filtering
Some objects allow the use of filters defined for
related objects
Change Select Filter Type to select/define filters for
related objects
Example: Use bus filter for nominal voltages greater
than 138 kV to filter generators
No Maximum Amount of Conditions
Choose the field, then the comparator, then the values
to compare the field to.
Fields are the same as those available for Case Info
You can optionally pre-filter using the
Area/Zone/Owner Filters
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Advanced Filter
Logical Comparison specifies the filter logic.
Comparison applies across ALL conditions
AND filter is met if ALL conditions are met
OR filter is met if ANY condition is met
NOT AND filter is NOT met if and only if ALL conditions are met
NOT OR filter is NOT met if and only if ANY condition is met
Other advanced options
Absolute value (ABS) compare for numeric conditions
Case Sensitive compare for string conditions
Field-to-field comparisons
Using another filter as a filter condition
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Field-To-Field Comparisons
Users have the option to include Field-To-Field
comparisons
Click the Find
Button to
choose another
field to
compare to
instead of a
constant value.
Check the box for Enable Field to
Field Comparisons
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Copy/Send to Excel
Dialog Occurs only if session
of Excel is already running.
Cell A1 describes
the kind of data
Row 2
describes
which fields
are being
pasted
Select existing or
new workbook
and worksheet for
sending data
For Loads, Number and ID are the key fields
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Power Flow Solution
Go to the Tools ribbon tab and select Single
Solution to resolve the power flow
equations.
Refresh the mismatch display; notice that
mismatches are again less than 0.1 MVA.
Notice that voltage magnitude has remained
fixed at the generator buses. This is
because they are being modeled as PV
buses.
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Simulator Options:
Power Flow Solution Page
To customize the power flow solution, go to the
Options ribbon tab and select Simulator Options
Power Flow Solution page
This will open
to the Common
Options tab by
default
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Simulator Options:
Power Flow Solution Page
Common Options Tab
MVA Convergence Tolerance
the tolerance for the inner power flow loop
Must be larger than zero
Maximum Number of Iterations
the maximum iterations for the inner power flow loop
Do only one iteration
Same as setting Maximum Number of Iterations to 1.
Disable Automatic Generation Control (AGC)
disables enforcement of MW interchange for entire
case.
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Simulator Options:
Power Flow Solution Page
Common Options Tab
Unchecking Enforce Generator MW Limits
means generator MW limits are not enforced
Gen MVAR Limits
Disable Checking means generator MVAR limits
are not enforced
Check immediately means the MVAR limits are
checked and handled first before a solution iteration
is run
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Simulator Options:
Power Flow Solution Page
Common Options Tab
Disable Switched Shunt Control (affects entire case)
Disable LTC Transformer Control (affects entire
case)
Disable Phase Shifter Control (affects entire case)
Transformer Stepping Methodology
Coordinated Sensitivities looks at all transformers that are
out-of-range and coordinates the movement to bring all
back within regulation range
Self-Sensitivity Only looks at each transformer
individually and determines the sensitivity of its regulated
value with respect to changing its own tap or phase only
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Simulator Options:
Power Flow Solution Page
Common Options Tab
Prevent Controller Oscillations
keeps controlled devices from continually switching
between two control states for the entire case
Maximum Number of Controller Loop Iterations
The voltage control loop will be limited to this many
iterations
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Simulator Options:
Power Flow Solution Page
Advanced Options Tab
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Simulator Options:
Power Flow Solution Page
Advanced Options Tab
Dynamically add/remove slack buses as topology is
changes (Allow Multiple Islands)
If a single island is split into two islands (by opening lines),
then a new slack bus is chosen (generator with the largest MW
limit is chosen)
Post Power Flow Solution Actions
Allow you to define a list of conditional actions (much like a
contingency definition) which occur at the end of EVERY
power flow solution.
An example would be loads that are automatically taken out of
service when the voltage drops too low.
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Simulator Options:
Power Flow Solution Page
Advanced Options Tab
Disable Power Flow Optimal Multiplier
The optimal multiplier is a mathematically calculated step size
for Newtons Method that prevents the mismatch equations
from increasing between iterations.
Initialize From Flat Start Values always starts power
flow solutions with voltages at 1.0 per unit and angles
equal to the slack bus angle (not recommended)
Minimum Per Unit Voltage for Constant Power Loads
and Constant Current Loads
At voltages less than the defined values, the constant power
and constant current loads will be reduced
To disable either of these features, set the values to 0
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Simulator Options:
Power Flow Solution Page
Advanced Options Tab
Disable Treating Continuous SSs as PV Buses
Continuous switched shunts are normally treated as buses with
fixed power and voltage inside the inner power flow loop.
Disable Balancing of Parallel LTC taps
Parallel LTC taps normally have their tap values synchronized
to prevent circulating Var flow.
Model Phase Shifters as Discrete Controls
Phase shifters will switch tap positions discretely based on the
tap step size
Min. Sensitivity for LTC Control
Transformers with a sensitivity lower than this will be
disabled.
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Simulator Options:
Power Flow Solution Page
Advanced Options Tab
Disable Angle Rotation Processing
Voltage angles are rotated so that the angle range in an island is
equally spaced around zero degrees if any angles fall outside +/- 160
degrees
Sharing of generator vars across groups of buses
Allocate across buses using the user-specified remote regulation
percentages
Allocate so all generators are at same relative point in their
[min..max] var range
Allocate across buses using the SUM OF user-specified remote
regulation percentages
Options for Areas on Economic Dispatch
Include Loss Penalty Factors in ED will consider losses in
determining the dispatch
Enforce Convex Cost Curves in ED will turn units that are operating
outside the convex portion of their cost curve off automatic control
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Simulator Options:
Power Flow Solution Page
General Tab
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Simulator Options:
Power Flow Solution Page
General Tab
Assumed MVA Per Unit Base
MVA base used for the entire case
Default is 100 MVA
Monitor/Enforce Contingent Interface Elements
Determine when the impact of contingent interface
elements should be calculated
Bus Loss Sensitivity Function
Discussed when we go over sensitivities in the
Sensitivity Training section
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Simulator Options:
Power Flow Solution Page
Storage Tab
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Islands - Defined
Often times power system consists of a single
interconnected system operating in synchronism
However sometimes multiple systems exist that are
either unconnected, or connected only through DC
transmission lines.
Such systems operate asynchronous with one another
and are called Islands.
Each island must have a slack bus. Check Allow
Multiple Islands.
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Multiple Islands in Simulator
Go to the Options ribbon tab Simulator Options
Power Flow Solution Advanced Options tab
Check Dynamically add/remove slack buses as topology
is changed
On the B7FLAT case the slack bus is 7.
To create two islands, open lines 2-6 and 5-7.
If new island does not have a slack, Simulator
automatically chooses largest generator
Repeat with Dynamically add/removeunchecked
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Case with Multiple Islands
Simulator
is modeling
the two
systems
as being
completely
independent
Simulator
has automatically
chosen
bus 2 as the
slack.
Open tie-lines
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Island Records Display
Model Explorer Aggregations
Island Records shows
information about each island in
the case, including its slack bus.
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It is not uncommon to
have multiple islands.
Often cases in the
Eastern United States
have Five Islands
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Simulator Options:
Environment Page
Can have
Blackout
appear if
case does not
converge
Memory limit
for Oneline
Undo feature
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Simulator Options:
Oneline Page
Display
only; no
simulation
Solution
method
when
animating
Name of default oneline
file to open for ALL cases
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Shows hints
when cursor
over element
Non-US
style XFR
symbols
Name of main oneline file
for CURRENT case
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Simulator Options:
File Manage Page
Special options
tab for EPC
and RAW files
Automatically
save over
current PWB.
0 means do
not Autosave
Enables previously saved PWB files to be automatically
archived each time the file is saved with the same name
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Contingency Analysis
Power systems are operated so that overloads do
not occur either in real-time or under any
statistically likely contingency.
This is often called maintaining system security
Simulator is equipped with tools for analyzing
contingencies in an automatic fashion
Contingencies can consist of several actions or
elements
Simple Example: outage of a single transmission line
Complex: outage of a several lines, a number of
generators, and the closure of a normally open
transmission line
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Contingency elements allowed in
PowerWorld Simulator
Contingency Elements allowed in Simulator
Opening/Closing of transmission lines and transformers
Loss or Recovery of a generator, load, or switched shunt
Movement of generation, load, injection group, or switched shunt
MWs or Mvars.
Changing or Setting of generation, load, injection group, or switched
shunt MWs or Mvars
Changing or Setting of generator or switched shunt voltage setpoint
Opening of all lines connected to a bus
Opening/Closing of all lines or transformers in an interface
Open/Close, Set/Change injection group values
Bypass/Inservice, Set impedance of series capacitors
Changing or Setting of phase-shifter setpoint
Open/Close 3-winding transformer
Open/Close DC lines, Set/Change DC line setpoints
Solve Power Flow
specification
make-up
power also
allowed
Note: Conditional Elements which only occur if a particular condition
is met are also allowed. These will be covered at the end of this section.
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Contingency Analysis Tool in
Simulator
Contingency Analysis tools can be accessed by
selecting Tools ribbon tab Contingency
Analysis in run mode.
Initially, no contingencies are defined for a case.
Right-click
and choose
Insert to
add a
contingency
Select to load
from a file
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Select to allow Simulator to define
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Inserting a Contingency Definition
To insert a contingency
On the Case Information
Toolbar, choose
Records > Insert
Right-click to bring up
the local menu and
choose Insert
This opens the dialog to
the right.
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Auto Insertion of Contingencies
To automatically insert a set of
contingencies. This is available from
On the Case Information Toolbar, choose
Records > Auto Insert Contingencies
Right-click to bring up the local menu and
choose Insert Special > Auto Insert
Contingencies
Click on the Auto Insert Button at the bottom of
the Contingency Analysis Dialog
The Auto Insert Dialog is shown on the
following slide.
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Auto-Insertion of
Contingencies Dialog
Choose
types to
include
Select to include
only elements in
chosen areas
Apply Advanced
Filters for branches,
generators, or buses
Include only elements
that are near a
particular bus
Specify how to create
automatic names for the
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new contingencies
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Contingency Analysis Dialog
with Contingencies Defined
List of
contingencies
now defined
A Description of the
selected contingency
appears in the Contingency
Definition Section
Click X to
hide the
Definition
Section
Click to save the contingencies to file
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Click to process the contingencies
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Contingency Definition Dialog
To open the Contingency Definition dialog, right-click on
one of the contingencies and choose Show Dialog.
List of
contingency
elements
Right-click and choose
Insert to add a new
Element (or click Insert
New Element)
Click to specify power
flow solution options for
this contingency
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Contingency Element Dialog
To open, right-click on the Contingency Definition
Dialog and choose Insert or Show Dialog
Choose
element
type
Choose
action
type
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Choose the
Element
Choose the
action
parameters
Add a comment
which will be
saved with
Auxiliary Files
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Options Tab:
Modeling
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Options Tab:
Modeling
Calculation Method
Full Power Flow
Linearized Lossless DC
similar to the DC Power Flow, but this is linearized around
present operating point
Linearized Lossless DC with Phase Shifters
Limit Monitoring Settings
Click this button to open the Limit Monitoring Settings dialog
For Linearized DC methods, allow amp limits by assuming
a constant voltage magnitude
The net effect is that line operating at higher than 1.0 per unit
voltage can carry more power
Treat Line as Equivalent Amps option must also be selected with
Limit Monitoring Settings
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Options Tab:
Modeling
Retry Solution using the Robust Solution Process
after a contingency failure
Attempts to solve the power flow in a series of steps
that involves turning on controls one type of control at
a time
Do Not Use Post Power Flow Solution Action List
Globally defined list set with the power flow solution
options and performed after every ac power flow
solution
Actions may interfere with contingency results if they
alleviate loadings caused by contingencies, thus
masking the impact of a contingency
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Options Tab:
Modeling Make-up Power
Describe which areas make up for a change
in the MW generation or load in the system.
Normally done use some sort of
participation from the areas or generation
in the case
Typically power systems control schemes like
AGC (or Economic Dispatch), do not respond
quickly enough to remove an overload after a
contingency. AGC acts on the 15 minute to 1
hour time frame (not tens of seconds)
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Options Tab:
Modeling Make-up Power
Area Participation Factors specified below
Each area is weighted according to the factors
specified. The total weight for the area is then spread
across all the area generation according to generator
participation factors.
The power flow is then solved using Island-Based AGC
Generator Participation Factors from the Entire
Case Directly
Generators are weighted by their participation factors
The power flow is then solved using Island-Based AGC
Same as the Power Flow case
Just uses the settings for the normal power flow area
interchange
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Options Tab:
Modeling
Define Contingency Solution Options
Allows you to specify different power flow solution
options for solving the post-contingency power flow.
This gives 3 levels of power flow solution options
1.
Contingency Specific Options (Contingency Definition Dialog)
2.
Contingency Analysis Tool (Contingency Analysis Options Tab)
3.
General Power Flow Options
When Simulator executes a particular contingency, it
will look at options in the precedent defined by the
order above.
First it looks to contingency-specific. If an option is
marked use default, it will look at the Contingency
Analysis Tool Options, etc
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Other > Button
Remaining Actions
Delete All Contingencies
Deletes all the presently defined contingencies
Clear All Contingency Results
Clears all the results of the presently defined contingencies, but
leaves the definitions
Set As Reference
Sets whatever the present power system state is as the reference
state for Contingency Analysis
Restore Reference
Restores the system to the reference state
Auto-fill Blank Contingency Element Comments
covered later
Sensitivity Calculations covered in a later section
Calculate OTDFs using existing PTDFs
Filter out violations using OTDFs
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Running Contingency Analysis
Run every contingency in the list
On the Case Information Toolbar, click Records > Run
Contingency Analysis (also on right-click local menu)
Press Start Run on Contingencies tab
Click Start on Summary tab
On Case Info Toolbar, under Records > there are
several other options
Solve selected contingency
Note: the system will remain in the post-contingency state after
solving the contingency
Then when you go to solve another contingency, the reference
case will be reinstated prior to solving
Solve and Set as Reference
Same as Solve Selected, but after completing solution, then the
post-contingency state will be saved as a new reference case
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Fault Analysis
Analysis of power system parameters
resulting from a ground or line to line fault
somewhere in the system
Simulator contains a tool for analyzing
faults in an automatic fashion
Can perform single and three phase faults
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Fault Analysis
Fault types include:
Single line to ground
Line to line
Double line to ground
Three phase balanced
The general fault analysis tool can be
accessed in run mode by: Tools ribbon tab
Fault Analysis
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Setting the Fault Location
Information about the fault location can be filled in
manually
Alternatively, you can right-click on a bus or transmission
line on the oneline diagram, and select Fault from the
menu to have the fault location fields automatically set
Selecting Fault for a bus will set the bus number field
Selecting Fault for a transmission line will set the from and to
bus numbers, the circuit identifier, and the approximate line
location as a percentage of the length of the line
Any of these fields can still be changed manually
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Select Type of Fault
Determines which calculations to perform
Line to ground: assumes phase A to ground
Line to line: assumes phase B to phase C
Line to line to ground: assumes phase B to phase C to
ground
Three phase balanced
A non-zero impedance to ground can be defined on
the options tab, default is 0 (except for line to line)
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Fault Dialog: Data
Set type of
fault
Current through
the fault
Devices
listed here
depend on
bus or inline fault
Results of analysis are displayed
in the grids on these five pages
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Sequence Data for Fault Analysis
By default, sequence data for fault analysis is not
stored with load flow data
Sequence data can be loaded from the Options
page
PowerWorld Auxiliary file (*.aux)
PTI Sequence Data file (*.seq)
Sequence data can similarly be saved to the same
types of external files; however, Simulator will
store sequence data with the load flow case
(*.pwb) if you save the case after loading the
sequence data
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Sequence Data for Fault Analysis
Sequence data is required for various
devices:
Generators
Internal sequence impedances
Neutral to ground impedance
Transmission Lines
Zero sequence impedance
Zero sequence line shunt admittance
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Sequence Data for Fault Analysis
Transformers
Zero sequence impedance and line shunt admittance
Phase shifts, entered as Phase in the load flow data
Transformer grounding configuration, as a
combination of Wye, Grounded Wye, and Delta
connections
Loads
Negative and zero sequence load, as an admittance
Set on a bus-basis, with admittance given is total
admittance for all loads at that bus
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Sequence Data for Fault Analysis
Transmission line mutual impedance
Zero sequence mutual impedance between part
or all of two transmission lines
Displayed on Options tab
Fault data for all devices (except mutual
impedances) can be entered on the
Information Dialogs
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Fault Analysis: Options
Impedance to
ground at the fault
Load and save sequence data
as a text file
Mutual
impedance
records
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