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Determination of PH

The document describes procedures for determining the pH of water samples using pH paper and a pH electrode. pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution on a scale of 0-14, with values below 7 being acidic and above 7 being basic. Rainwater is typically acidic due to carbonic acid formed from carbon dioxide reacting with water. The procedure involves calibrating a pH electrode using buffer solutions, then measuring the pH of water samples with both pH paper by comparing color changes and the electrode method. The glass electrode method is more accurate than pH paper which can be interfered with by other substances in water.

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1K views2 pages

Determination of PH

The document describes procedures for determining the pH of water samples using pH paper and a pH electrode. pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution on a scale of 0-14, with values below 7 being acidic and above 7 being basic. Rainwater is typically acidic due to carbonic acid formed from carbon dioxide reacting with water. The procedure involves calibrating a pH electrode using buffer solutions, then measuring the pH of water samples with both pH paper by comparing color changes and the electrode method. The glass electrode method is more accurate than pH paper which can be interfered with by other substances in water.

Uploaded by

np27031990
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Determination of pH of water

Aim: To determine the pH of the given sample water sample using pH paper and pH
electrode.
Materials Required: Buffer solutions of pH 4.0 and pH 7.0, beaker, pH meter, distilled
water, pH paper.
Theory: The term pH refers to the measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and
defined as the negative log of [H+] ions concentration in water. The values of pH 0 to a little
less than 7 are termed as acidic and the values of pH a little above 7 to 14 are termed as basic.
When the concentration of H+ and [OH-] ions are equal then it is termed as neutral pH. pH of
water is temperature dependant.
pH + pOH = 14

(at 25o c)

pH + pOH = 15

(at 0o c)

pH + pOH = 13

(at 60o c)

Rainwater is acidic due mainly to the presence of carbonic acid, a common culprit for
lowering the pH of water. Carbonic acid forms when carbon dioxide gas reacts with water
molecules in the atmosphere. Carbonic acid lowers the pH of rainwater by increasing the [H +]
concentration.
Procedure:
A) Using pH paper
1.
2.
3.
4.

Place the clean and dry test tubes in the test tube rack.
Pour sample water in each tube.
Place strips of pH paper on the dry glazed white tile.
Suck the solution from each test tube using a clean dropper and transfer it to the
respective pH paper.
5. Note down the colour change.
6. Compare the colour change in the pH paper with the standard pH-colour chart.

B) Using Glass Electrode


I)

CALIBRATION OF ELECTRODE
1. Dip the combined electrode in a 7 pH buffer solution.
2. Set the TEMPERATURE C at to the temperature of the selected buffer
solution.
3. Set the function selector switch to pH position and adjust CALIBRATE
control until the meter displays the precise pH value of the buffer solution.
4. Now set the Function Selector Switch to STAND BY.
5. Remove the electrode from the buffer solution, wash with distilled water.
6. Dip the combined electrode into another buffer solution (say 4 pH value).

7. Set the TEMPERATURE C control to the buffer solution Temperature.


8. Set the Function Selector Switch to pH position. Adjust the "SLOPE"
Correction Controls until the meter displays the pH value of the selected
buffer solution, Check that the correct readings are obtained with both
solutions without further adjustment.
II)

pH MASUREMENTS
1. Dip the combined electrode in a suitable buffer solution.
2. Set the "TEMPERATURE C Control to the buffer solution Temperature.
3. Set the Function Selector Switch to the pH position and adjust the
CALIBRATE control until the meter displays the pH value of the buffer
solution.
4. Return the function Selector Switch to the STANDBY position. It is a good
practice to do this between measurements.
5. Remove the electrode from the buffer solutions wash with distilled water, and
immerse in the solution under test.
6. Set the TEMPERATURE C Control to the temperature of the test solution.
7. Set the function selector switch to the pH position. The meter wilt display pH
value
of
the
test
solution.

Interferences: The pH can be measured either colorimetrically or electrometrically. The


colorimetric method is less expensive but suffers from interference from colour turbidity,
salinity, colloidal matter and various oxidants and reductants. The indicators are subjected to
deterioration as they are colour standards with which pH is compared. Moreover no single
indicator encompasses the pH range of interest in water.
The glass electrode method (electrometric) is a standard technique free from interferences in
natural water except for a sodium error associated with pH above 10.
Results: The pH of given samples are
Conclusion:

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