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Design and Fabrication of Anti-Lock Breaking System Abs

The document discusses the design and fabrication of an antilock braking system (ABS). It first explains the dynamics and factors involved in the controller for an ABS, which must provide a controlled torque to maintain optimal wheel slip ratio. It then describes the basic design of traditional braking systems and how ABS works by detecting changes in wheel speed and modulating brake pressure to prevent locking. ABS has advantages like reducing stopping distance, allowing steering while braking, and enabling braking on surfaces with different grip levels. The conclusion recommends a proportional controller for ABS due to its simplicity compared to other controller types.

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suraj j k
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355 views4 pages

Design and Fabrication of Anti-Lock Breaking System Abs

The document discusses the design and fabrication of an antilock braking system (ABS). It first explains the dynamics and factors involved in the controller for an ABS, which must provide a controlled torque to maintain optimal wheel slip ratio. It then describes the basic design of traditional braking systems and how ABS works by detecting changes in wheel speed and modulating brake pressure to prevent locking. ABS has advantages like reducing stopping distance, allowing steering while braking, and enabling braking on surfaces with different grip levels. The conclusion recommends a proportional controller for ABS due to its simplicity compared to other controller types.

Uploaded by

suraj j k
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ANTILOCK BREAKING SYSTEM (ABS)

ABSTARCT
Antilock braking systems are used in modern cars to prevent the
wheels from locking after brakes are applied. The dynamics of the controller
needed for antilock braking system depends on various factors. The vehicle model
often is in nonlinear form. Controller needs to provide a controlled torque
necessary to maintain optimum value of the wheel slip ratio. The slip ratio is
represented in terms of vehicle speed and wheel rotation. In present work first of
all system dynamic equations are explained and a slip ratio is expressed in terms of
system variables namely vehicle linear velocity and angular velocity of the wheel.
By applying a bias braking force system, response is obtained using models.

INTRODUCTION
The basic design of a braking system has been around and in use in other
applications for many years. The brakes in a car use the simple principle of
hydraulics. This principle reduces the amount of work required by the user. Figure
1 illustrates the basic design of a modern braking system.

The problem with the traditional braking system is that the force exerted by the
brakes on the wheel cannot exceed the force of friction between the wheel and the
road. If the braking force exceeds the force of friction from the road the vehicle
will begin to slide. This problem brought about the invention of the anti-locking
breaking system (ABS). The ABS detects drastic changes in the speed of the
wheels. When a sharp deceleration is detected the ABS will reduce the hydraulic
pressure supplied to the braking system until the wheel begins to accelerate again.
When the acceleration is detected the pressure is again increased until an unusual
amount of deceleration is detected. The process is repeated until the user removes
their foot from the brake pedal or the vehicle comes to a complete stop.

OPERATION PRINCIPLE
Limiting the pressure to any wheel which decelerates too rapidly is the basic
principle employed in ABS. A speed sensor is used for measuring the speed of the
wheel and sends it constantly to the computer. Depending on the initial brake
pressure and the speed of the wheel, the computer modulates the brake pressure as
fast as fifteen times per second.
WORKING
When locking occurs, the control valve opens the pump and reduces the pressure
in the cavity. Then the actuator slides back further reducing the pressure in the
cavity because of variable crosssection. Since the locking is no longer imminent
the control valve returns back to original position. This opens the valve connecting

the master cylinder to the braking cylinder and normal operation of brake
commences.

ADVANTAGES

It can be used for reducing the stopping distance.


It enables to steer while the brakes are firmly applied
It allows braking firmly on surfaces with different level of grips.
It can review and adjust the drivers driving.

CONCLUSION
The control analysis shows that a proportional (P), proportional /
derivative (PD), and the proportional / Integral / Derivative (PID) is able to control
the ABS. Since all of the control systems will achieve the desired results, the best
design must be determined by another method. Since the proportional control is the
least complex, the ABS controller should use this method. The ABS is responsible
for preventing car accidents and personal injury. A simplified system should reduce
the complexity, cost, as well as increase the easy of serviceability.

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