FENCING,

GATE
&
SUNDRIES
PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT OF BUILDING SERVICES AND EXTERNAL WORKS

AWANGKU NAZREEN AWG NAPRI

ISMAIL RAZALI
MUHAMMAD RIDHWAN JAMALUDIN
NURUL SHUHADA SHAMSUDDIN
NUR FATIN AMIRA AMBOK SULOH
NUR AWADDAH NASHORDIN
NUR FARHANA KAMAL

CONSTRUCTION METHOD
FENCING

FENCING
COMPONENTS
(CHAIN LINK FENCING)

Mild Steel Post And

Bracings

Concrete Footings

Barbed Wire Arms

Concrete footings

Chain Link Fencing

Straining Wires And Barbed Wires

Barbed
wires
Straining
wires

TOOLS USED FOR

FENCING
(CHAIN LINK FENCING)

Fence Stretcher
Purpose: To stretch the chain link fence.

Fencing Pliers
Purpose: It is used for
gripping, pulling and tying
fence wire.

Fencing Wire Cutter

Purpose: To cut the fencing
wire.

Post Hole Digger

Purpose: To dig a hole for the
terminal posts and line posts.

Wheelbarrow, Shovel and Hoe

Purpose: To mix and transport the
concrete.

Hacksaw
Purpose: To cut the
terminal posts or line posts.

METHOD OF
INSTALLATION
(CHAIN LINK FENCING)

1st: Preparing Fence Layout

STEP 1
Locate your property's boundary lines. Set all the post to
be approximately 4" inside the property line so that
concrete footings do not encroach onto any adjoining
property.
STEP 2
Mark the location of each terminal post (corner, end, and
gate posts are called terminal posts) and also line post.

2nd: Setting Terminal Posts and Line Posts

STEP 1
Dig terminal post and line post holes approximately 8"
in diameter and 30" deep, with sloping sides.
STEP 2
With crayon or chalk, mark the ground line on posts.
Height, above level ground, of terminal posts will
equal the height of the fence fabric plus 2".
STEP 3
Center the posts in the holes. Make sure the posts are
plumb and set at the correct height. (Crayon mark
should be at ground level.)
STEP 4
Surround posts with concrete in a continuous pour.
Trowel finish around posts and slope downward to
direct water away.

3rd: Attach The Straining Wire To The Posts

STEP1
For 1800mm and 1200mm high fencing
you will need three runs of line wire
along the fence line.
Attach the corner brackets to the
upright post by slotting them into the
holes on the spine of the post.
A winder should then be bolted to the
second hole on each bracket.
STEP2
Tension your line wire. To achieve this you need to secure the end of
the line wire to the cylinder on your winder (simply thread the line
wire through the hole in the cylinder, and wrap it round a few times).
STEP3
Once the line wire is secure, run it to the corresponding bracket on the
fence post at the far end of your run of fencing (this will either be
another end post, a straining post, or a corner post).
The line wire should run past the spine side of the intermediate posts,
and then clipped onto the spine using the clip tool and hog rings.

4th: Attach The Chain Link To The Line Wire

STEP 1
Hold the roll of chain link upright against your starting post. The chain
link must be unrolled carefully from an upright position.
In order to attach the chain link to your starting post, weave the
supplied stretcher bar in and out of the links of the chain link.
Bolt the stretcher bar to each of the brackets to which the line wire has
been secured.
Attach the stretcher bar to the same hole used to attach the winder,
simply by using another nut to hold the stretcher bar in place.
STEP 2
The chain link should now be
rolled out along the runs of
tensioned line wire (keeping
the roll upright).

CONSTRUCTION METHOD
GATE

GATE
A gate is usually placed to protect certain areas or to keep kids or
pets in, intruders or animals out, or even just for privacy.

GATE-POST
Types of gate post :
1. Timber gate post. (Softwood and Sawn
green Oak gate posts)
2. Concrete gate post.
3. Steel gate post.
Types of gate post varies according to the
thickness and the width.
The wider the gates, the bigger the posts
required to hold them up. And the taller the
gates, again, the bigger the posts need to be.

Softwood gate posts

Sawn green Oak gate posts

Concrete gate post

Steel posts

1st: Sinking The Posts Into The Ground

Before fitting the posts into the ground:
Posts are weather cut on the top
to enable water to run off.
Posts are the correct length
(Depth of hole plus gate height
plus clearances under the gate)
Once hole is dug, place a bit of
hardcore/ballast into the bottom of the
hole. This ensures any water drains
away and helps to stop your posts from
rotting. After that, give it a tamp down
to compress it. Use the end of a lump
hammer to do this.
Place post in hole and check for plumb
(level) on one of the faces of the post
and one of the edges.

 Tack on a couple of braces to

the posts.
Fill the hole with concrete.
Once the hole has been filled
with concrete, check for plumb.

Tools/Material required:
Spade/Post hole digger
Tape measure
Spirit level
Lump hammer
Concrete
Hardcore
Source of clean water

2nd: Hanging (Fitting) The Gate

Place the gate in between the two gate
posts and sit it on packers.
The gate should be able to stay in
position by itself while the hinges are
screwed in place.
If the gate is to open inwards, then the
hinges will be fixed to the inside of the
gate to the horizontal frame members.
If the gate is to open outwards, then the
hinges will be fixed to the outside of the
gate, to the boards and in line with the
horizontal frame members.
Once the hinges are screwed in place,
fit the gate latch. The latch should be
put half-way up the gate

GATE-STAY / GATE CATCHES

1. Latches

Wood
latches

Twisted ring
gate latches

Field gate
latches

Lever Gate
Latches
Thumb Latches

2. Gate hinges

Wooden hinges

Cranked Bands with

Pins

Heavy duty gate

hinges

Double strap

3. Cane bolt

Cane bolt is use for fixing one side of a

double gate or door opening.
It can also be used as a horizontal slide
bolt, or to secure the top of a door to the
head jamb.

3rd: Fitting The Gate Stop

The gate stop is a vertical strip

(made of according to materials)
fixed to the post.
It will block the gate from going
further than intended and help
avoid any damage to the gate
latch and hinges when the gate be
excessively blown or slammed
shut for any reason.
Make the gate stop the same
length as the gate and the position
will be determined by the thickness
of the gate and also by which side
of the gate that the hinges are on.

Gate stops
Prevent hinge, latch, and gate
damage and prolong gate life.
Gate stops can be installed after
gate installation.

L- shape
(stainless steel)
T- shape
(stainless steel)

Vinyl

TECHNOLOGY
GATE

TYPES OF GATE
Swing

Operates inward or outward

Usually used in areas where there are plenty space
to swing the gate leaf
The single leaf is the most economical and easiest to
install

TYPES OF GATE (CONT'D)

Slide

Commonly used in
residential, schools and
commercial buildings
Slides on wheels from left
to right or right to left
Excellent choice to replace
swing gate when the site
has limitations in space

GATE TECHNOLOGY
Automatic Gate

Operate themselves without having a person to open

or close them.
Automatic gates need a mechanical device or gate
operator to receive the signal and respond by
swinging or sliding the leaf of the gate.
How actually the gate operator works?

GATE OPERATOR
A) Swing Arm Operator (Mechanical)

There are two types of swing arm

operator which are:
- Top Swing Arm Operator
- Bottom Swing Arm Operator

Easy to install, access for maintenance

Fast

GATE OPERATOR (CONT'D)

The only difference between the two is the location of the arm, as
the name says, Top Swing Arm Operators have their arms attached
to the gate near the middle height and highly visible
Unlike Top Swing, the Bottom Swing Arm Operators have their arm
on the bottom which gives the gate a pleasing appearance when
viewed from the outside

GATE OPERATOR (CONT'D)

B) Linear Arm Operator (Mechanical & Hydraulic)

Mechanical

Used for light and small gates

Up to gates of 14inch long

Pros : easy to install, normally installed

with solar panel
Cons : cannot operate with large gates

Hydraulic

Used for large and heavy gates

Use hydraulic fluids to operate their motion

Pros : produce more power than mechanical motors

Cons : expensive, need frequent inspection, less safe

GATE OPERATOR (CONT'D)

C) Underground Operator

Used where aesthetics are important

Available in both mechanical or

hydraulic versions
Usually installed to binary swing gates

GATE OPERATOR (CONT'D)

D) Slide Gate Operator

More expensive need specialist

with good mechanical skills
Usually used when the gate is on a
steep grade or when the person
cannot or do not want to open the
gate outwards
Available in AC, battery and solar
powered

TECHNOLOGY
FENCING

ELECTRIC FENCE

A fence that uses electric shocks to deter

animals or people from crossing a
boundary.

The voltage of the shock may have effects

ranging from discomfort to death.

Most electric fences are used today

for agricultural fencing and other forms of
animal control, although it is frequently
used to enhance the security of sensitive
areas, such as military installations,
prisons, and other security sensitive
places.

DESIGN & FUNCTION

An intelligent electric fence primarily consists of
an energizer and bare wire fence structure.
The Energizer is an intelligent electronic device
that converts the mains electricity into high
voltage electric pulses and releases the pulses
through the bare wires on the fence structure.
The pulses provide a non-lethal but painful
shock to any intruder trying to gain access
unlawfully to the property.
The high voltage pulses are powerful enough to
penetrate through most of clothing materials,
standard hand gloves and standard foot wears.

ELECTRIC FENCING MATERIALS

Smooth steel wire

Woven wire/barbed wire

Synthetic webbing woven with fine conducting wires

ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC FENCE

Always active and dependable

Detect intrusion attempts
Send SMS alerts
Deny intrusion - Electric shocks
Deter intruders
Delay intrusions
Easy installation
Effective and Safe

DISADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC FENCE

High maintenance effort
High purchasing cost

TYPES OF INSTALLATION

Electric fence on top of brick or

stone wall

Electric fence on top of metal fence

Full height electric fence

Electric fence on top of swing gate

Electric fence on top of sliding gate

APPLICATION

Electric Fence installed on top of wall around bungalow / detached house

Electric Fence installed on top of wall around bungalow / detached house

Electric Fence installed on top of metal fence around housing estate

MEASUREMENT
FENCING

TYPES OF FENCING
Two types of fencing, normally classified as:
Open type fencing
Close type fencing

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Section W
Fencing
W.1 Generally
W.1.1 Particulars of the following shall be given:
a.
b.

Kind and quality of material (e.g. timber, concrete, or steel)

Preliminary treatments (e.g. impregnating or galvanising)
applied as part of production process or applied before
delivery to site

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Fencing (contd)
W.1.2 Fencing specially designed to suit sloping ground (over
15 degrees from the horizontal) shall each be so described
W.1.3 Fencing set out to a curve but straight between posts
shall be so described irrespective of radius.

Curved fencing, defined as curved between posts, shall be so

described stating then radius

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Fencing (contd)
W.1.4 Posts, struts and other supports which occur at..
(pp. 134)
W.1.8 Fencing shall be measured overall (i.e. over posts
and other supports). The height of fencing shall be
measured from the surface of the ground (or other base) to
the top of the filling (or to the top wire where there is no
filling) between the posts.

OPEN TYPE FENCING

Clause W.2 Post-and-Wire Fencing
Clause W.3 Post-and-Rail Fencing

Clause W.4 Chain-Link and Wire-Mesh Fencing

Clause W.5 Cleft-Pale Fencing
Clause W.6 Palisade Fencing
Clause W.7 Metal Bar Fencing

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Open type fencing
W.2 Post and wire fencing
Measured in metres
State height of fencing, the gauge, and number of line-

wires, the method of attaching the line-wires to the

posts and the method of straining

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Post and wire fencing

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Open type fencing
W.3 Post and rail fencing
Measured in metres
State height of the fencing, size and number of
horizontal rails and the method of fixing the rails to the
posts

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Post and rail fencing

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Open type fencing
W.4 Chain-link and wire-mesh fencing
Measured in metres
State height of the fencing, gauge and number of line
wires, method of attaching the line-wires to the posts,
the size of mesh and gauge of wire in the fabric and the
method of attaching the fabric to the line wires

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Chain-link and wire-mesh fencing

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Open type fencing
W.5 Cleft-pale fencing
Measured in metres
State height of the fencing, spacing of the pales, the
number of lines of binding wire and the method of fixing
the binding wires to the posts

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Cleft-pale fencing

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Open type fencing
W.6 Palisade fencing
Measured in metres

State height of the fencing, the size and number of

horizontal rails, the method of fixing the rails to the
posts, the size and spacing of the pales, the treatment
of the tops (pointed, sharp, etc) and method of fixing
the pales to the rails

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Palisade fencing

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Open type fencing
W.7 Metal bar fencing

W.7.1 given in metres stating height, size,

spacing..(pp. 135)

W.7.2 Railing reforming part of a building shall be given

in accordance with section P (metalwork)

CLOSED TYPE FENCING

Clause W.8 Close-Boarded Fencing
Clause W.9 Built-up Concrete Fencing

Clause W.10 Corrugated Fencing

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Close type fencing
W.8 Close-boarded fencing
Measured in metres

Stating height of fencing, size and nos of horizontal

rails, method of jointing, etc (pp. 135)

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Close-boarded fencing

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Close type fencing
W.9 Built-up concrete fencing
Measured in metres
Stating height of fencing, size and thickness of the

infilling units between posts, the method of jointing the

units to the posts, the size of cappings and the method
of fixing the cappings to the infilling units

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Built-up concrete fencing

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Close type fencing
W.10 Corrugated fencing
Measured in metres
Stating height, size and number of horizontal rails, etc

(pp. 135)

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Corrugated fencing

MEASUREMENT
GATE

Gates
Based on SMM Section W.11
W.11.1 Generally :
Gates shall be enumerated
State size and method of construction
Hinges and locks and fastenings and the like shall be
given in the description
Gate-posts (other than forming part of the fencing) shall
be enumerated stating the size
Holes for gate posts shall be given in accordance with
W.14

 W.11.2 Wicket gates shall be

enumerated as extra over the item in
which it occurs stating the size, method
of assembly, fixing including framing,
accessories, etc.

Gate-steps, gate-catches and

independent gate-stays shall each be
enumerated separately stating the
method of fixing. Excavating and
bedding in concrete shall be given in the
description stating the composition and
mix of the concrete.

SUNDRIES

Concrete Spurs
Used as support for timber posts
Most of the time used as repair
spurs, in the case of rotting,
cracked posts.
Fixed to timber posts with bolts
Pre-cast

SMM 2 Clause W.12

Measured in nos
State the size and fixing method
State the size of bolts and holes in description

Special Posts

End post
Angle-posts
Integral gate-posts
Straining post
Struts
Etc

SMM 2 Clause W.13

Measured in Nos, as Extra Over

State size and depth below the ground
For struts; state size, number and fixing method
Example of description:

EXTRA OVER for ends post ...........mm ...........mm x ...........mm

height; bedded in and including plain concrete Grade 20 as
specified pad foundation size ...........mm x ...........mm x
...........mm deep; all necessary excavation, formwork and
painting

Holes And Mortices For Posts

Holes are excavated to install posts, spurs, struts and
other supports
Mortice is a hole or recess cut into a part which is
designed to receive a corresponding projection (a
tenon) on another part so as to join or lock the parts
together.

Holes

Mortices

SMM2 clause W.14

Holes measured in Nos, stating the size and depth,
nature of the filling and disposal of surplus soil.
Mortices shall be given in accordance with the rules
in appropriate sections.

SPECIFICATIONS
GATE & FENCING

SPECIFICATION
SECTION N.3 - FENCE AND GATES
1

General

1.1

Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, fencing shall be of chain

link type as specified hereunder.

1.2

Unless otherwise stated in the Drawings, the height of the fence shall
be 1500mm from the ground up to the full height of the chain link.

1.3

The fence shall be erected to the extent and location as shown in the
site plan. Where fencing is to be located on the boundary of the Site,
the Contractor shall ensure that its construction shall not infringe the
adjoining properties.

SPECIFICATION(contd)
2

Mild Steel Post and Bracings

2.1

Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, mild steel angle posts and
bracings shall be of size 57mm x 57mm x 6mm. All steel
members for fencing and gates shall be to the approval of the S.O..
Before delivery to the Site, the steel members for fencing and gates
shall be precut and assembled at the Contractor's workshop and
painted with one coat of approved metallic primer.

2.2

Where three strands of barbed wires are required, a mild steel angle
arm 430mm long, of the same cross sectional dimension as the post
shall be welded at the top of the post at 45 degrees inclination.
Where six strands of barbed wires are required, two pieces of mild
steel angle arms as specified hereinbefore shall be welded to the top
of each post forming the shape 'Y' with each arm having three
strands of barbed wires.

SPECIFICATION(contd)
3

Chain Link Mesh, Straining

3.1

Chain link mesh, straining wires and barbed wires shall be made
of galvanized steel and of approved quality. The mesh shall be of size
64mm made up of 3.25mm (10 gauge) diameter wire. Straining wires
shall be of 4.06mm (8 gauge) diameters and barbed wires shall be of
2.64mm (12 gauge) diameters.

SPECIFICATION(contd)
4

Fencing

4.1

Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, the mild steel angle posts shall be
erected at 3000mm centres commencing from the gate post and the posts
shall be embedded plumb in concrete footings of size 250mm x 250mm x
600mm deep. Mild steel angle bracings of the same cross sectional
dimensions as the post shall be fixed at all corners, bends, junctions, gate
posts and at every five bays of straight fencing.

4.2

The bracings shall be fixed at an inclination of 45 degrees to the horizontal

with top end bolted to the post, 300mm below the top of the post and the
bottom end encased in concrete footing as described hereinbefore.

SPECIFICATION(contd)
4.

Fencing (contd)

4.3

The chain link mesh shall be stretched across the posts and secured in place
using approved fencing clips. The end of chain link fencing abutting mild
steel gate posts shall be fixed by means of 19mm x 3mm mild steel flat
straps drawn through the mesh and bolted using 10mm diameter mild steel
bolts to 25mm x 25mm x 6mm mild steel plates welded to the posts at equal
intervals of 300mm. Where gate posts are non metal, the termination of the
fencing at the gate shall be by means of another mild steel angle post fixed
to one side of the gate post and strengthened by bracing as described
hereinbefore. The chain link mesh shall then be strained by three strands of
4.06mm (8 gauge) diameter galvanized steel straining wires threaded
through the mesh and fixed to the posts.

4.4

Where shown in the Drawings, the bottom of the chain link mesh shall be
buried in continuous 1:3:6-25mm concrete curbs. Unless otherwise detailed
in the Drawings, the cross-sectional dimension of curbs shall be 125mm
wide x 375mm high with 150mm protruding above the ground. The portion
of the curb above the ground shall be rendered with 13mm thick 1:6 cement
render to a wood float finish.

SPECIFICATION(contd)
5
5.1
6
6.1

Gates
The gates shall be constructed as detailed in the
Drawings.
Painting of Fence and Gates
The metallic primer previously applied to the
steelwork at the workshop shall be touched up where
necessary. Unless otherwise specified, the posts,
bracings and gates shall be finished with two coats of
approved aluminium paint.