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O Cial: 3 Other

An official is someone who holds an office or position of authority in an organization or government. They participate in exercising authority on behalf of their superiors. In ecclesiastical law, an official refers specifically to a bishop's judicial vicar who presides over the diocesan court. An official must exercise impartial judgment and skills in service of higher authorities, being responsible for faithful execution of tasks rather than personal views. Max Weber defined bureaucratic officials as being appointed based on qualifications, receiving salaries, and having career prospects rather than personal interests.

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40 views3 pages

O Cial: 3 Other

An official is someone who holds an office or position of authority in an organization or government. They participate in exercising authority on behalf of their superiors. In ecclesiastical law, an official refers specifically to a bishop's judicial vicar who presides over the diocesan court. An official must exercise impartial judgment and skills in service of higher authorities, being responsible for faithful execution of tasks rather than personal views. Max Weber defined bureaucratic officials as being appointed based on qualifications, receiving salaries, and having career prospects rather than personal interests.

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Ocial

For other uses, see Ocial (disambiguation).

title Judicial Vicar, rather than that of Ocialis (canon


420). The Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches uses
only the title Judicial Vicar (canon 191).

An ocial is someone who holds an oce (function or


mandate, regardless whether it carries an actual working
space with it) in an organization or government and participates in the exercise of authority (either his own or that
of his superior and/or employer, public or legally private).

In German, the related noun Ozialat was also used for


an ocial bureau in a diocese that did much of its administration, comprising the vicariate-general, an adjoined
secretariat, a registry oce and a chancery.

A government ocial or functionary is an ocial


who is involved in public administration or government, through either election, appointment, selection, or
employment. A bureaucrat or civil servant is a member
of the bureaucracy. An elected ocial is a person who
is an ocial by virtue of an election. Ocials may also
be appointed ex ocio (by virtue of another oce, often in a specied capacity, such as presiding, advisory,
secretary). Some ocial positions may be inherited. A
person who currently holds an oce is referred to as an
incumbent.

The title of ocial principal, together with that of


vicar-general, has in Anglicanism been merged in that of
Diocesan chancellor of a diocese.

3 Other
In sports, the term ocial is used to describe a person
enforcing playing rules in the capacity of a linesman,
referee and umpire; also specied by the discipline, e.g.
American football ocial, Ice hockey ocial.

The word ocial as a noun has been recorded since the


Middle English period, rst seen in 1314. It comes from
the Old French ocial (12th century), from the Latin ofcialis (attendant to a magistrate, public ocial), the
noun use of the original adjective ocialis (of or belonging to duty, service, or oce) from ocium (oce).
The meaning person in charge of some public work or
duty was rst recorded in 1555. The adjective is rst
attested in English in 1533, via the Old French ocial.

The term ocer is close to being a synonym (but has more


military connotations). A functionary is someone who
carries out a particular role within an organization; this
again is quite a close synonym for ocial, as a noun, but
with connotations closer to bureaucrat. Any such person
acts in their ocial capacity, in carrying out the duties
of their oce; they are also said to ociate, for example
in a ceremony. A public ocial is an ocial of central
or local government.

The informal term ocialese, the jargon of ocialdom,


was rst recorded in 1884.

4 Max Weber on bureaucratic ocials

Roman Antiquity

Max Weber gave as denition of a bureaucratic ocial :

An ocialis (plural ociales) was the ocial term


(somewhat comparable to a modern civil servant) for any
member of the ocium (sta) of a high dignitary such as
a governor.

he is personally free and appointed to his position on


the basis of conduct
he exercises the authority delegated to him in accordance with impersonal rules, and his loyalty is
enlisted on behalf of the faithful execution of his
ocial duties

Ecclesiastical judiciary

his appointment and job placement are dependent


upon his technical qualications

In Canon law, the word or its Latin original ocialis is


used absolutely as the legal title of a diocesan bishops
judicial vicar who shares the bishops ordinary judicial
power over the diocese and presides over the diocesan
ecclesiastical court.

his administrative work is a full-time occupation


his work is rewarded by a regular salary and
prospects of advancement in a lifetime career.

The 1983 Code of Canon Law gives precedence to the


1

An ocial must exercise his judgment and his skills, but


his duty is to place these at the service of a higher authority; ultimately he is responsible only for the impartial execution of assigned tasks and must sacrice his personal
judgment if it runs counter to his ocial duties.

SOURCES AND REFERENCES

6 See also
Bureaucrat
Civil servant
Title

Adjective

7 Sources and references

As an adjective, ocial often, but not always, means


pertaining to the government, either as state employee or (incomplete)
having state recognition, or to analogous governance, or
to formal (especially legally regulated) proceeding as op This article incorporates text from a publication now
posed to informal business. Some examples:
in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed.
(1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. Robert Appleton
Company.
An ocial holiday is a public holiday, having national (or regional) recognition.
This article incorporates text from a publication now
in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911).
An ocial language is a language recognised by a
Encyclopdia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge
government, for its own use in administration, or for
University Press.
delivering services to its citizens (for example, on
signposts).
Etymology OnLine
An ocial spokesperson is an individual empowered
to speak for the government, or some part of it such
as a ministry, on a range of issues and on the record
for the media.
An ocial statement is a issued by an organisation
as an expression of its corporate position or opinion;
an ocial apology is an apology similarly issued by
an organisation (as opposed to an apology by an individual).
Ocial policy is policy publicly acknowledged and
defended by an organisation. In these cases unocial is an antonym, and variously may mean informal, unrecognised, personal or unacknowledged.
An ocial strike is a strike organised and recognised
by a labour union, as opposed to an unocial strike
at grassroots level.
An ocial school is a school administered by the
government or by a local authority, as opposite to a
private school or religious school.
An ocial history, for example of an institution or
business, or particularly of a war or military unit,
is a history written as a commission, with the assumption of co-operation with access to records and
archives; but without necessarily full editorial independence.
An ocial biography is usually on the same lines,
written with access to private papers and the support
of the family of the subject.

Pauly-Wissowa

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

8.1

Text

Ocial Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official?oldid=650684323 Contributors: Stevertigo, Ixfd64, Rl, Charles Matthews, RedWolf, Altenmann, Jeroen, Pengo, Mboverload, Beland, Piotrus, Vanished user 1234567890, LHOON, Neutrality, Zondor, Geof, Pmadrid,
Kzzl, Lima, Cmdrjameson, Polluks, Zachlipton, Carbon Caryatid, Snowolf, Mikeo, Megan1967, Woohookitty, AshishG, Kanamekun,
Waldir, Zzyzx11, Rjwilmsi, Tizio, RussBot, Pigman, Grafen, Whobot, JLaTondre, Fastifex, Nick-D, Nippoo, SmackBot, Yamaguchi ,
Rst20xx, Bluebot, CyberSach, Pretzels, Hetar, Shoreranger, Courcelles, Vaquero100, Thijs!bot, Drdak, Bongwarrior, VoABot II, Anaxial,
Nono64, J.delanoy, DD2K, Mamyles, Idioma-bot, California-View, VZakharov, Vaari, ClassicalScholar, MF-Warburg, Flyer22, Lindum,
De728631, ClueBot, SummerWithMorons, Muhandes, Penny256, Catgirl, Addbot, Jafeluv, Emir34, Download, West.andrew.g, Yobot, Angel ivanov angelov, Treyjag, AnomieBOT, Jim1138, Jean-Jacques Georges, HamburgerRadio, Jauhienij, Mercy11, CanonLawJunkie, Donner60, Orange Suede Sofa, Senator2029, HerrHomster, ClueBot NG, AeroPsico, MerlIwBot, Spankycarter, Vanished user lt94ma34le12,
Telfordbuck, Victorinjustice, Jianhui67, Chloeunionj, Thewolfandthefox, Jayakumar RG, Haubnerandrew and Anonymous: 65

8.2

Images

File:Scale_of_justice,_canon_law.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_


law.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Ktr101
File:Wiktionary-logo-en.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Vector version of Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png. Original artist: Vectorized by Fvasconcellos (talk contribs), based
on original logo tossed together by Brion Vibber

8.3

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