Scribd
Upload
1K views27 pages

Chapter 3 Mesh and Nodal Analysis

1. This document discusses different circuit analysis techniques including nodal analysis and mesh analysis. Nodal analysis uses Kirchhoff's Current Law and mesh analysis uses Kirchhoff's Voltage Law. 2. The key steps for nodal analysis are selecting a reference node, assigning voltages to non-reference nodes, applying KCL, and solving the resulting equations. Mesh analysis assigns currents to loops and applies KVL to solve for currents. 3. Special considerations are discussed for circuits containing voltage or current sources, such as treating nodes connected by a voltage source as a supernode or setting the current in a mesh equal to a current source. Examples are provided to demonstrate both techniques.

Uploaded by

thines raveentraan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views27 pages

Chapter 3 Mesh and Nodal Analysis

1. This document discusses different circuit analysis techniques including nodal analysis and mesh analysis. Nodal analysis uses Kirchhoff's Current Law and mesh analysis uses Kirchhoff's Voltage Law. 2. The key steps for nodal analysis are selecting a reference node, assigning voltages to non-reference nodes, applying KCL, and solving the resulting equations. Mesh analysis assigns currents to loops and applies KVL to solve for currents. 3. Special considerations are discussed for circuits containing voltage or current sources, such as treating nodes connected by a voltage source as a supernode or setting the current in a mesh equal to a current source. Examples are provided to demonstrate both techniques.

Uploaded by

thines raveentraan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY

ENT 188/3

Methods of Analysis

Introduction

Nodal Analysis
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources
Mesh Analysis
Mesh Analysis with Current Sources

INTRODUCTION
Two powerful techniques for circuit analysis:
1.

Nodal analysis ( application of KCL)

2.

Mesh analysis ( application of KVL)

NODAL ANALYSIS
1. In nodal analysis, we are interested in finding the node voltages.
2. Steps to determine node voltage:
1. Select reference node.
2. Assign voltage v1, v2, ......vn -1, to the remaining n-1 nodes (with
respect to reference node)
3. Apply KCL to each nonreference nodes. Use Ohms Law to express the
branch currents.
4. Solve the resulting simultaneously equations to solve for node voltage

NODAL ANALYSIS
The first step is selecting a node as the reference node. The reference node is
commonly called the ground since it is assumed to have zero potential.

NODAL ANALYSIS
Consider the above figure as an example:
1. Ground has been chosen as the reference node
2. Assign v1 and v2 as node 1 and 2 respectively.
(node voltage = voltage of node with respect to
the reference node).
3. Apply KCL:

Node1 : I1 = I 2 + i1 + i2
Node2 : I 2 + i2 = i3

NODAL ANALYSIS
Apply Ohms Law, where current flows from a higher potential to a
lower potential in a resistor:

i=
We obtain:

i1 =

Substitute into equation:

vhigher - vlower
R

v1 - 0
v -v
v -0
, i2 = 1 2 , i3 = 2
R1
R2
R3

I1 = I 2 +

v1 - v2 v2
I2 +
=
R2
R3

v1 v1 - v2
+
R1
R2
Solve for v1 and v2 using elimination
technique/ Cramers rule.

NODAL ANALYSIS
Example 3.1:
Calculate the node voltages in the circuit shown in Figure 1.
2. Nodes Voltage,
v1 & v2

3.Applying KCL
(refer next slide)

1. References node

NODAL ANALYSIS
Solution:

Eq. (3.1.1)

Using the elimination technique

NODAL ANALYSIS

NODAL ANALYSIS
Example 3.2:
Determine the voltages at the nodes in Figure shown.
Solution:

NODAL ANALYSIS
We have three simultaneous equation to solve to get the node voltages v1,v2, v3.
Answer :

We can get the answer by Using elimination technique

3v1 - 2v 2 - v3 = 12.......... ..(1)


- 4v1 + 7v 2 - v3 = 0.......... (2)
2v1 - 3v 2 + v3 = 0.......... ....(3)
(1) - (2)
7v1 - 9v 2 = 12.......... ...( 4)

Continue with v1 &


v3..!!!!!!!

(2) + (3)
- 2v1 + 4v 2 = 0.......... ..(5)
From(5)
2v1 = 4v 2
v1 = 2v 2 .......... ......( 6)
Substitute (6)in (4)
14v 2 - 9v 2 = 12

Answer : v1 = 4.8V

5v 2 = 12

v2 = 2.4V

v 2 = 2.4V

v3 = -2.4V

NODAL ANALYSIS WITH VOLTAGE SOURCES


Possibilities:
1. If a voltage source is connected between the reference node and a nonrefence
node, simply set the voltage at the nonreference node equal to the voltage of the
voltage source
2. If the voltage is connected between two nonreference nodes, the two
nonreference nodes from a generalized node or supernode; apply both KCL
and KVL to determine the node voltages.

Supernode: formed by enclosing voltage source connected


between two nonreference nodes and any elements
connected in parallel with it.

NODAL ANALYSIS WITH VOLTAGE SOURCES


From the figure:
v1 = 10V
Nodes 2 and 3 form a supernode
KCL at supernode:

i1 + i4 = i2 + i3
v1 - v2 v1 - v3 v2 - 0 v3 - 0
+
=
+
2
4
8
6
KVL at supernode:

- v2 + 5 + v3 = 0 v2 - v3 = 5

NODAL ANALYSIS WITH VOLTAGE SOURCES


Practice Problem:
Find v and i in the circuit in Fig 3.11:
At node 1
1

i4

v 1 = 7 V .......... .......... .......( 1 )

i1

At node 2
i3

i1 = i 2 + i 3 + i 4 .......... .....( 2 )

i2

Node 2 & node 3 form super node

- v2 - 3 + v3 = 0

v3 = v2 + 3.........................(3)
From (2)

v1 - v 2 v 2 - 0 v3 - 0 v3 - 0
=
+
+
..........................(4)
4
3
2
6

Answer: -0.2V, 1.4A

To be continued.

NODAL ANALYSIS WITH VOLTAGE SOURCES


Practice problem:
For the circuit shown in Figure 3.9, find the node voltages.

Answer: v1= -7.333V, v2= -5.333V

MESH ANALYSIS
1. Mesh analysis is also known as loop analysis or the mesh-current method.
2. Mesh is a loop which does not contain any other loops within it.
3. Application: to find unknown currents
4. Only capable to a planar circuit
5. Planar circuit: can be drawn in a plane with no branches crossing one another.

MESH ANALYSIS

Fig. 3.15 a) a Planar circuit with crossing branches.


b)The same circuit redrawn with no crossing branches

b)

MESH ANALYSIS
Steps in determining node voltage:
1. Assign mesh currents i1,i2,in to the n meshes
2. Apply KVL to each of the n meshes. Use Ohms Law to express the voltages
in terms of the mesh currents.
3. Solve the resulting n simultaneously equations to get the mesh currents.

MESH ANALYSIS
Consider the figure below:

1. Assign i1 and i2 as meshes 1 and 2.


2. Apply KVL to each mesh:

Mesh1 : -V1 + R1i1 + R3 (i1 - i2 ) = 0


Mesh2 : R2i2 + V2 + R3 (i2 - i1 ) = 0
3. Solve for mesh currents i1 and i2
i3
i1

i2

I3= i1 - i2

MESH ANALYSIS
Example: For the circuit in Figure, find the branch currents I1, I2 and I3 using
mesh analysis.

i3

i1

i2

I3=i1-i2 or I3 = -(i2-i1)

MESH ANALYSIS
Practice Problem:
Calculate the mesh currents i1 and i2 in the circuit of Figure shown.

Answer:

i1= 2/3 A, i2=0A

MESH ANALYSIS WITH CURRENT


SOURCES
Possibilities:
1. When a current source exists only in one mesh set the current as equal
to the source.

set i2 = -5A
Mesh equation:

- 10 + 4i1 + 6(i1 - i2 ) = 0, i1 = -2 A

MESH ANALYSIS CURRENT SOURCES


2. When the current source exists between two meshes create a
supermesh (by excluding the current source and any elements
connected in series with it).
A supermesh results when two meshes have a (dependent or
independent) current source in common.

Fig: a) Two meshes having a current source in common,


b) a supermesh, created by excluding the current source

MESH ANALYSIS CURRENT SOURCES

From the above figure:

1. Apply KVL to supermesh:


2. Applying KCL to node 0:
3. Solving:

- 20 + 6i1 + 10i2 + 4i2 = 0


i2 = i1 + 6

i1 = -3.2 A, i2 = 2.8 A

FURTHER READING
1. Fundamentals of Electric Circuits, 2nd Edition,McGrawhill Alexander, C. K.
and Sadiku, M. N. O.
2. Electric Circuit, 8th Edition, Pearson, Nillson and Riedel

You might also like