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Solution Practice Drag and Lift

1) The document contains 6 engineering problems related to fluid mechanics and aerodynamics. It calculates drag and lift forces on objects moving through air or water using fluid mechanics equations. 2) Problem 1 calculates that a reduction in the drag coefficient of a truck from 0.96 to 0.7 would reduce the horsepower needed to maintain a highway speed of 65 mph by 58.48 horsepower. 3) Problem 2 determines that with a lift coefficient of 1.0, the length of a rectangular wing with an aspect ratio of 6 that is designed to generate 1000 lbs of lift at 200 ft/s would be 11.2 feet.

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600 views3 pages

Solution Practice Drag and Lift

1) The document contains 6 engineering problems related to fluid mechanics and aerodynamics. It calculates drag and lift forces on objects moving through air or water using fluid mechanics equations. 2) Problem 1 calculates that a reduction in the drag coefficient of a truck from 0.96 to 0.7 would reduce the horsepower needed to maintain a highway speed of 65 mph by 58.48 horsepower. 3) Problem 2 determines that with a lift coefficient of 1.0, the length of a rectangular wing with an aspect ratio of 6 that is designed to generate 1000 lbs of lift at 200 ft/s would be 11.2 feet.

Uploaded by

mrm3za
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Solution: Drag and Lift

CE 335: Fluid Mechanics


California State University, Long Beach
Civil Engineering and Construction Engineering Management
Problem #1:
The aerodynamic drag on a truck can be reduced by the use of appropriate air
deflectors. A reduction in drag coefficient from CD = 0.96 to CD = 0.70 corresponds to a
reduction of how many horsepower needed at a highway speed of 65 mph?

5280
= 95.33 fps
3600
1
1
D1 = U 2 ACD1 = (0.00238)(95.33) 2 (10 12)(0.96) = 1245.8lbf
2
2
1
1
D2 = U 2 ACD2 = (0.00238)(95.33) 2 (10 12)(0.7) = 908.4lbf
2
2

U = 65mph = 65

CE 335: Solution HW-7

Psaved = ( D1 D2 ) U = (1245.8 908.4) 95.33 = 32,164.34lbf ft / s


Psaved =

32,164.34lbf ft / s
= 58.48hp
lbf ft / s
550
hp

Problem #2:
A rectangular wing with an aspect ratio of 6 is to generate 1000 lb of lift when it flies at
a speed of 200 ft/s. Determine the length of the wing if its lift coefficient is 1.0.
Recatangular wing has length b and width (i.e. chord length) c.
For steady speed,
1
1
L = U 2 ACD 1,000 = (0.00238)(200) 2 A(1.0)
2
2
A = 21 b c = 21
But ,
b
= 6 b = 6c
c
b c = 21 6c c = 21 c = 1.87 ft
Aspect =

b = 6c = 6 1.87 = 11.2 ft
Problem #3:
A light aircraft with a wing area of 200 ft2 and a weight of 2000 lb has a lift coefficient of
0.40 and a drag coefficient of 0.05. Determine the power required to maintain level
flight.

1
1
U 2 ACD 2,000 = (0.00238)U 2 (200)(0.4)
2
2
U = 144.9 fps
P = D U
L =

1
1
U 2 ACD 2,000 = (0.00238)(144.9) 2 (200)(0.05) = 249.85lbf
2
2
36,203.6lbf ft / s
P = D U = 249.85 144.9 = 36,203.6lbf ft / s =
= 65.82hp
550
D=

Problem #4:
A Boeing 747 aircraft weighing 580,000 lb when loaded with fuel and 100 passengers
takes off with airspeed of 140 mph. With the same configuration (angle of attack, flap
settings, etc.) what is its takeoff speed if it is loaded with 372 passengers? Assume each
passenger with luggage weighs 200 lb.
At the takeoff time, A, CD, are same for both situations.

CE 335: Solution HW-7

5280
= 205.33 fps
3600
1
1
L1 = U12 ACD 580,000 = (205.33) 2 ACD
2
2
1
1
L2 = U 22 ACD 580,000 + 272 200 = 634,400 = U 22 ACD
2
2
1
U 22 ACD
L2 634,400
2
=
=
L1 580,000 1 (205.33) 2 AC
D
2
U 2 = 214.8 fps = 146.4mph

U1 = 140mph = 140

Problem #5:
Commercial airliners normally cruise at relatively high altitudes (30,000 to 35,000 ft).
Show how flying at this high altitude (rather than 10,000 ft for example) can save fuel
costs.
Fuel costs depends on power required to move the airlines against drag.
Power, P = D*U
1
1
D10000 = 10000U 2 ACD = (1.765 10 3 )U 2 ACD
2
2
1
1
D30000 = 30000U 2 ACD = (8.907 10 4 )U 2 ACD
2
2
Density of air is taken from Table C.1 of the text book (6th edition)
Assuming that the aircraft is moving at the same velocity, U. CD depends on Reynolds
number but not on altitude.
1
(8.907 10 4 )U 2 ACD
D30000 2
=
= 0.505 , therefore, to fly the aircraft at high altitude,
D10000 1 (1.765 10 3 )U 2 AC
D
2
less drag will be felt and P = D* U will be less. So, flying at high altitude fuel costs can be
saved.
Problem #6:
The drag coefficient for a newly designed hybrid car is predicted to be 0.21. The crosssectional area of the car is 30 ft2. Determine the aerodynamic drag on the car when it is
driven through still air at 55 mph.

5280
= 80.7 fps
3600
1
1
D = U 2 ACD = (0.00238)(80.7) 2 (30)(0.21) = 48.8lbf
2
2

U = 55mph = 55

CE 335: Solution HW-7

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