SUMMER TRAINING REPORT

INDEX
SR NO.

TOPIC

ABOUT ONGC

INFOCOM DEPARTMENT

RADIO COMMUNICATION

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

VSAT

WIRED COMMUNICATION

SCADA

TELEPHONE EXCHANGE

COMPUTER NETWORK

10

SERVERS

11

PRAVESH

12

VATMS

13

CONCLUSION

14

BIBLIOGRAPHY

PAGE NO.

1. ABOUT ONGC
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) is an Indian multinational
oil and gas company headquartered in Dehradun, India. It is a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU)
of the Government of India, under the administrative control of the Ministry of Petroleum and
Natural Gas. It is India's largest oil and gas exploration and production company. It produces
around 69% of India's crude oil (equivalent to around 30% of the country's total demand) and
around 62% of its natural gas.
On 31 March 2013, its market capitalization was INR 2.6 trillion (US$48.98 billion), making it
India's second largest publicly traded company. In a government survey for FY 2011-12, it was
ranked as the largest profit making PSU in India. ONGC has been ranked 357th in the Fortune
Global 500 list of the world's biggest corporations for the year 2012. It is ranked 22nd among the
Top 250 Global Energy Companies by Platts.
ONGC was founded on 14 August 1956 by Government of India, which currently holds a
68.94% equity stake. It is involved in exploring for and exploiting hydrocarbons in
26 sedimentary basins of India, and owns and operates over 11,000 kilometers of pipelines in the
country. Its international subsidiary ONGC Videsh currently has projects in 15 countries. ONGC
has discovered 6 of the 7 commercially producing Indian Basins, in the last 50 years, adding over
7.1 billion tonnes of In-place Oil & Gas volume of hydrocarbons in Indian basins. Against a
global decline of production from matured fields, ONGC has maintained production from its
brownfields like Mumbai High, with the help of aggressive investments in various IOR
(Improved Oil Recovery) and EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) schemes. ONGC has many
matured fields with a current recovery factor of 25-33%.[1] Its Reserve Replacement Ratio for
between 2005 and 2013, has been more than one.

History of ONGC
Foundation to 1961
Before the independence of India, the Assam Oil Company in the north-eastern and
Attock Oil company in north-western part of the undivided India were the only oil producing
companies, with minimal exploration input. The major part of Indian sedimentary basins was
deemed to be unfit for development of oil and gas resources.
After independence, the Central Government of India realized the importance of oil and gas for
rapid industrial development and its strategic role in defense. Consequently, while framing the
Industrial Policy Statement of 1948, the development of petroleum industry in the country was
considered to be of utmost necessity.

Until 1955, private oil companies mainly carried out exploration of hydrocarbon resources of
India. In Assam, the Assam Oil Company was producing oil at Digboi (discovered in 1889) and
Oil India Ltd. (a 50% joint venture between Government of India and Burmah Oil Company)
was engaged in developing two newly discovered large fields Naharkatiyaand Moraan in Assam.
In West Bengal, the Indo-Stanvac Petroleum project (a joint venture between Government of
India and Standard Vacuum Oil Company of USA) was engaged in exploration work. The vast
sedimentary tract in other parts of India and adjoining offshore remained largely unexplored.
In 1955, Government of India decided to develop the oil and natural gas resources in the various
regions of the country as part of the Public Sector development. With this objective, an Oil and
Natural Gas Directorate was set up towards the end of 1955, as a subordinate office under the
then Ministry of Natural Resources and Scientific Research. The department was constituted
with a nucleus of geoscientists from the Geological Survey of India.
A delegation under the leadership of the Minister of Natural Resources visited several European
countries to study the status of oil industry in those countries and to facilitate the training of
Indian professionals for exploring potential oil and gas reserves. Experts from Romania,
the Soviet Union, the United States and West Germany subsequently visited India and helped the
government with their expertise. Soviet experts later drew up a detailed plan
for geological and geophysical surveys and drilling operations to be carried out in the 2nd Five
Year Plan (1956-61).
In April 1956, the Government of India adopted the Industrial Policy Resolution, which placed
Mineral Oil Industry among the schedule 'A' industries, the future development of which was to
be the sole and exclusive responsibility of the state.
Soon, after the formation of the Oil and Natural Gas Directorate, it became apparent that it would
not be possible for the Directorate with its limited financial and administrative powers as
subordinate office of the Government, to function efficiently. So in August, 1956, the Directorate
was raised to the status of a commission with enhanced powers, although it continued to be
under the government. In October 1959, the Commission was converted into a statutory body by
an act of the Indian Parliament, which enhanced powers of the commission further. The main
funct1ions of the Oil and Natural Gas Commission subject to the provisions of the Act, were "to
plan, promote, organize and implement programs for development of Petroleum Resources and
the production and sale of petroleum and petroleum products produced by it, and to perform such
other functions as the Central Government may, from time to time, assign to it ". The act further
outlined the activities and steps to be taken by ONGC in fulfilling its mandate.

 FROM 1961 to 2000

Since its inception, ONGC has been instrumental in transforming the country's limited upstream
sector into a large viable playing field, with its activities spread throughout India and
significantly in overseas territories. In the inland areas, ONGC not only found new resources in
Assam but also established new oil province in Cambay basin (Gujarat), while adding new
petroliferous areas in the Assam-Arakan Fold Belt and East coast basins (both onshore and
offshore). ONGC went offshore in early 70's and discovered a giant oil field in the form of
Bombay High, now known as Mumbai High. This discovery, along with subsequent discoveries
of huge oil and gas fields in Western offshore changed the oil scenario of the country.
Subsequently, over 5 billion tonnes of hydrocarbons, which were present in the country, were
discovered. The most important contribution of ONGC, however, is its self-reliance and
development of core competence in E&P activities at a globally competitive level.
ONGC became a publicly held company in February 1994, with 20% of its equity were sold to
the public and eighty percent retained by the Indian government. At the time, ONGC employed
48,000 people and had reserves and surpluses worth 104.34 billion, in addition to its intangible
assets.
In 1958 the then Chairman, Keshav Dev Malaviya, held a meeting with some geologists in the
Mussoorie office of the Geology Directorate where he accepted the need for ONGC to go outside
India too in order to enhance Indian owned capacity for oil production. The argument in support
for this step, by LP Mathur and BS Negi, was that Indian demand for crude would go up at a
faster rate than discoveries by ONGC in India.Malaviya followed this up by making ONGC
apply for exploration licences in the Persian Gulf. Iran gave ONGC four blocks and Malaviya
visited Milan and Bartlseville to request ENI and Phillips Petroleum to join as partners in the
Iran venture. This resulted in the discovery of the Rostum oilfield in the early 'sixties, very soon
after the discovery of Ankleswar in Gujarat. This was the very first investment by the Indian
public sector in foreign countries and oil from Rostum and Raksh was brought to Cochin where
it was refined in a refinery built with technical assistance from Phillips.

2000 to PRESENT
In 2003, ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL), the division of ONGC concerned with its foreign assets,
acquired Talisman Energy's 25% stake in the Greater Nile Oil project.

In 2006, a commemorative coin set was issued to mark the 50th anniversary of the founding of
ONGC, making it only the second Indian company (State Bank of India being the first) to have
such a coin issued in its honor.
In 2011, ONGC applied to purchase 2000 acres of land at Dahanu to process offshore
gas. ONGC Videsh, along with Statoil ASA (Norway) and Repsol SA (Spain), has been engaged
in deep-water drilling off the northern coast of Cuba in 2012. On 11 August 2012, ONGC
announced that it had made a large oil discovery in the D1 oilfield off the west coast of India,
which will help it to raise the output of the field from around 12,500 barrels per day (bpd) to a
peak output of 60,000 bpd.
In November 2012, OVL agreed to acquire ConocoPhillips' 8.4% stake in the Kashagan
oilfield in Kazakhstan for around US$5 billion, in ONGC's largest acquisition to date. The
acquisition is subject to the approval of the governments of Kazakhstan and India and also to
other partners in the Caspian Sea field waiving their pre-emption rights.
In January 2014, OVL and Oil India completed the acquisition of Videocon Groups ten percent
stake in a Mozambican gas field for a total of $2.47 billion.

BASIC OPERATIONS AT ONGC

A. SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION

B. DRILLING OPERATIONS
C. PRODUCTION.

A. SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION

Under water:-

On land:-

The basic principle of seismic data acquisition is the same for both land and the offshore wells.
Reflection seismic imaging uses reflected energy to construct an image of the subsurface to
investigate the underlying structure and stratigraphy.
Seismic imaging can provide information about geologic structure and stratigraphy including
-bed thickness and geometry, rock type, faulting and fracturing and, in some cases, limited
information on liquids present.
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Seismic data consists of a series of recorded wiggle traces that describe a set of echoes from
interfaces between rock layers in the subsurface that have different rock properties.
Each wiggle trace is the record, in time, of when sound from each source reflected off each layer
of rock. The amplitude of the wiggle is relative to how large the change in rock properties is
between two layers.
To gather seismic data we use a network of energy source points and geophone receiver stations
to record multiple reflected sound waves from aerially scattered points in the subsurface.
To improve data quality and reduce noise in the data each subsurface point is multiply sampled
to increase what is called fold. This multiple sampling will increase signal while random
environmental noise (often wind) in the data will tend to cancel out.
To acquire a seismic dataset a grid of source and receiver lines are designed taking into account
surface conditions, topography and the geologic / geophysical requirements of the project. These
requirements include the depth and thickness of the zone of interest, estimates of data quality,
and the fold required for the survey.
Using vibrators as an energy source has the advantage that you have more control over the
frequencies contained in the source energy. For shallow target you are able to increase the
amount of high frequency energy put into the ground to provide more resolution in the final data.
With proper planning in conjunction with cultural resource and biological field surveys 3D
seismic programs can be designed both to obtain quality seismic information while at the same
time minimizing the impact on existing surface resources.

B. DRILLING OPERATIONS
C. PRODUCTION

2. INFOCOM DEPARTMENT
The infocom department in ONGC handles and monitors all inbound and outbound
communications for ONGC, within itself and with other government agencies like the Indian
Navy, Indian Coast Guard, The Indian Air force, MTNL, JNPT etc.
ONGCs operations at sea involve multi-disciplinary activities which also needs continuous
communication between onshore and offshore installations. Round the clock voice and data
9

communication between onshore offices, control rooms, corporate offices and offshore
installations is highly essential for operations at sea. ONGCs operation in the offshore sector
exists for more than four decades and they have established an integrated communication system
based on the different technologies to meet their voice and data requirements.
As an organization ONGC needs computers for day to day documentation, file transfer, sending
and receiving of e-mails, daily report etc. Radio communication, satellite communication,
internet usage and computer network has become very important with the advancement of
digitization in the company.
Communication is required in ONGC for the following reasons:-

Business requirement
Engineering resources package application (ERPA).
SAP application - SAP India, a wholly-owned subsidiary of SAP AG, a global provider of ebusiness software solutions, has signed its largest ever deal in India with the Oil and Natural Gas
Corporation Limited (ONGC) for implementation of the ICE (Information Consolidation for
Efficiency) project. The project is all about data capture as part of all transactions. If there is an
invoice drawn up somewhere it is automatically fed into the system as data, so is a pay slip or the
day's measurement of oil from a well. The beauty is that it would all be available on tap.
The SAP centralized server room is in Delhi and is connected by the means of leased lines to
Baroda. The server at Baroda is a replica of what is in Delhi. The Baroda server is installed for
disaster recovery.

Operational requirement
ONGC uses a captive network. ONGC calls this network as ICNet.
A remote terminal unit (RTU) is a microprocessor-controlled electronic device that interfaces
objects in the physical world to a distributed control system or SCADA (supervisory control and
data acquisition) system by transmitting telemetry data to a master system, and by using
messages from the master supervisory system to control connected objects.[1] Another term that
may be used for RTU is remote telecontrol unit.
An RTU monitors the field digital and analog parameters and transmits data to the Central
Monitoring Station. It contains setup software to connect data input streams to data output
streams, define communication protocols, and troubleshoot installation problems.
An RTU may consist of one complex circuit card consisting of various sections needed to do a
custom fitted function or may consist of many circuit cards including CPU or processing with
communications interface(s), and one or more of the following: (AI) analog input, (DI) digital
input, (DO/CO) digital or control (relay) output, or (AO) analog output card(s).

10

An RTU may be interfaced to multiple master stations and IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Device)
with different communication media (usually serial (RS232, RS485, RS422) or Ethernet). An
RTU may support standard protocols (Modbus, IEC 60870-5-101/103/104, DNP3, IEC 60870-6ICCP, IEC 61850 etc.) to interface any third party software.
Data transfer may be initiated from either end using various techniques to insure synchronization
with minimal data traffic. The master may poll its subordinate unit (Master to RTU or the RTU
poll an IED) for changes of data on a periodic basis. Analog value changes will usually only be
reported only on changes outside a set limit from the last transmitted value. Digital (status)
values observe a similar technique and only transmit groups (bytes) when one included point
(bit) changes. Another method used is where a subordinate unit initiates an update of data upon a
predetermined change in analog or digital data. Periodic complete data transmission must be
used periodically, with either method, to insure full synchronization and eliminate stale data.
Most communication protocols support both methods, programmable by the installer.
Multiple RTUs or multiple IEDs may share a communications line, in a multi-drop scheme, as
units are addressed uniquely and only respond to their own polls and commands.

Telecommunication need
Telecommunication occurs when the exchange of information between
two entities (communication) includes the use of technology. Communication technology
uses channels to transmit information (as electrical signals), either over a physical medium (such
as signal cables), or in the form of electromagnetic waves. The word is often used in its plural
form, telecommunications, because it involves many different technologies.
Early means of communicating over a distance included visual signals, such as beacons, smoke
signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs.[7] Other examples of premodern long-distance communication included audio messages such as code drumbeats, lungblown horns, and loud whistles. Modern technologies for long-distance communication usually
involve electrical and electromagnetic technologies, such as telegraph, telephone,
and teleprinter, networks, radio, microwave transmission, fiber optics, andcommunications
satellites. A revolution in wireless communication began in the first decade of the 20th century
with the pioneering developments in radio communications by Guglielmo Marconi, who won
the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909.

11

ONGC uses both wired as well as non-wired communication systems. For non-wired
communication ONGC uses radio and satellite communication. For remote locations ONGC also
uses VSAT links. Wired communication is done by the help of leased lines, fiber optic cable,
coaxial cable etc.

3. RADIO COMMUNICATION

12