TUNNEL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION IN
MADEIRA ISLAND
Socorridos pumping station and
water storage tunnel
Carlos de Oliveira Baio,
[email protected]Antnio C. Ambrsio,
[email protected]International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
MADEIRA ISLAND
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
Hydroelectric plant
Pumping station
Stream
Storage tunnel
Access tunnel
(7m wide)
(5,5m wide)
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
Storage tunnel
Pumping station
Penstock
Access tunnel
Hydroelectric plant
Sediment
evacuation channel
Main channel
Stream
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
4 pumps (16 m
high): 40.000 m3
raised in 6h by the
existing penstock
(460m)
Main
channel
Pumping
station
Sediment
evacuation channel
26,5 m
Access
tunnel
Storage
tunnel
Sediment traps
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
12,5 m
Temporary
rockfill
Existing
penstock
Jul.05
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
GEOLOGICAL
GEOLOGICAL AND
AND GEOTECHNICAL
GEOTECHNICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
CHARACTERISTICS
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
- Field tests:
(rock mass)
. Boreholes (76mm)
Lugeon tests
Dilatometer tests
. Test pits (penstock
alignment)
Consolidated alluvia
(pumping station roof)
Breccia
(side and front walls)
- Laboratory tests:
(rock material)
. Uniaxial compression
Compressive
strength
Deformability
modulus
Poissons ratio
. Unit weight
. Porosity
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION METHOD
METHOD
AND
AND PRIMARY
PRIMARY SUPPORT
SUPPORT SYSTEM
SYSTEM
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
Hill consolidation:
shotcrete (10 cm), steelwire mesh and soil nails
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
First forepole umbrella:
Schedule 73mm (12 m)
Hill consolidation and execution
of the first forepole umbrella
Jan.05
Feb.05
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
Mar.05
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
First forepole
umbrella
Pilot tunnel and Primary
support execution
- Roofs primary support:
. Forepole umbrellas
(3x12 m) - SCH 73 mm
. Steel ribs HEB200 // 1 m
. Shotcrete reinforced
with steel fibers (20 cm)
. Steel wire-mesh
reinforcement (AQ50).
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
Pilot tunnel
Mar.05
Apr.05
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
Execution of
caverns roof:
left side
Execution of caverns
roof: right side
Elephant feet (1st level)
- Roofs primary support:
. Forepole umbrellas
(3x12 m) - SCH 73 mm
. Steel ribs HEB200 // 1 m
. Shotcrete reinforced
with steel fibers (20 cm)
. Steel wire-mesh
reinforcement (AQ50).
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
Execution of caverns roof
(right and left sides)
Apr.05
May05
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
Execution of caverns roof:
conclusion
Rockbolts (at the
base of the steel ribs)
Elephant feet (2nd level)
- Roofs primary support:
. Forepole umbrellas
(3x12 m) - SCH 73 mm
. Steel ribs HEB200 // 1 m
. Shotcrete reinforced
with steel fibers (20 cm)
. Steel wire-mesh
reinforcement (AQ50).
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
Conclusion of caverns
roof execution
Apr.05
May05
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
Downwards execution of
caverns walls
- Wallss primary support:
. Rockbolts: SuperSwellex
(6 m) Mesh 1,5 m x 2 m
. Self-drilling anchors (9 m)
MAI R38 Mesh 1,5 m x 2 m
. Shotcrete reinforced
with steel fibers (20 cm)
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
Jun.05
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
NUMERICAL
NUMERICAL MODELLING
MODELLING USING
USING THE
THE
FINITE
FINITE ELEMENT
ELEMENT METHOD
METHOD
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
Breccia:
Alluvia:
. E = 1,5 GPa; = 0,38
. = 22 kN/m3
. c = 80 kPa; = 36
. E = 1,0 GPa; = 0,38
. = 21 kN/m3
. c = 60 kPa; = 32
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
- 3D analysis (using Plaxis):
. Total of 142 phases
. Mesh with 29.000 elements
. Rock mass: Elastoplastic (Mohr-Coulomb)
. Forepoles: Linear elastic (solid elements)
. Shotcrete: Linear elastic (plate elements)
. Rockbolts: Linear elastic (geogrid elements)
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
Principal stresses
Plastic points
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
Vertical displacements
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENTATION
AND
AND OBSERVATION
OBSERVATION
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
- Instrumentation in 6 cross sections;
- For the 2 main cross sections (P2 e P4):
. 2 inclinometers (average depth of 50 m);
. 6 vertical extensometers (in 3 holes);
. 12 horizontal extensometers (in 4 holes).
- For all cross sections:
. 5 survey targets on the ground surface;
. Convergence meters (7 reading points in the
roof and 2 points at the sidewalls).
- On the pumping stations front wall:
. 5 survey targets placed on the wall (5 levels,
in about 2/3 of the pumping stations height).
- In the hydroelectric plant:
. 1 portable seismograph.
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
1,0
VERTICAL EXTENSOMETERS
AT THE ROOFS AXIS
C
5.00
B
A
2.00
-5,0
-6,0
-7,0
-8,0
-9,0
-10,0
1.80
Observation
(cross section P2)
Rebaixo 6
-4,0
Rebaixo 5
-3,0
Rebaixo 4
9.75
-2,0
Rebaixo 3
Rebaixo 2
-1,0
Destroa esq.
I1
P.V. - E0
Destroa dir.
P.V. - E1
Alargamentos
P.V. - E2
0,0
Galeria piloto
6.00
Desloc. verticais - Ponto C (mm)
9.00
Rebaixo 1
12.00
-8,0
-9,0
-10,0
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
Rebaixo 6
-7,0
Rebaixo 5
7.80
-6,0
Alert
criteria
Rebaixo 4
Pumping
stations axis
-5,0
Rebaixo 3
0.50
-4,0
Rebaixo 2
0.50
Plaxis 3D
-3,0
Rebaixo 1
0.50
Plaxis 2D
-2,0
Destroa esq.
2.00 2.00
0.50
Destroa dir.
P O N
Observation
(cross section P4)
-1,0
Alargamentos
0.50
0,0
Galeria piloto
M L K
Desloc. verticais - Ponto B (mm)
1,0
REINFORCED
REINFORCED CONCRETE
CONCRETE LINING
LINING
AND
AND INTERNAL
INTERNAL STRUCTURES
STRUCTURES
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
Pumps (16 m high)
Crane
Access
tunnel
Storage
tunnel
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
Jun.05
Jul.05
Sept.05
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
Sept.05
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
Mar.06
Mar.06
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
CONCLUDING
CONCLUDING REMARKS
REMARKS
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
- The geological / geotechnical characterization included 20 dilatometer tests, very important to determine the geological formations deformability characteristics it was
essential to obtain reliable parameters to the models used in the caverns design;
- The existence of a thick consolidated alluvia deposit around the pumping stations
roof, in all its length, had great importance in the construction methods and to the
primary supports that were considered;
- Important dimensions of the cavern height of 26,5 m and width of 12,5 m;
- The cavern is located at the hills toe justification to a 3D analysis, using the finite
element method; 2D analysis were also carried out, as well as parametric analysis;
- The existing penstock was always functioning (water supply to Funchal) it had to
be protected to support the temporary rockfill and to allow vehicle passage;
- The instrumentation was defined in order to follow permanently the displacements
evolution, with the results being daily analysed the design predictions revealed a
good adjustment to the observed displacements;
- Demanding design and construction schedules and deadlines.
International Seminar on Tunnels and Underground Works
