CHAPTER 1 REVISIONARY MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE 1, Page 4

1. Convert the following angles to degrees correct to 3 decimal places (where necessary):
(a) 0.6 rad

(b) 0.8 rad

(c) 2 rad

(a) 0.6 rad = 0.6 rad

180
= 34.377
rad

(b) 0.8 rad = 0.8 rad

180
= 45.837
rad

(c) 2 rad = 2 rad

(d) 3.14159 rad

180
= 114.592
rad

(d) 3.14159 rad = 3.14159 rad

180
= 180
rad

2. Convert the following angles to radians correct to 4 decimal places:

(a) 45

(b) 90

(c) 120

(d) 180

(a) 45 = 45

rad
= rad or 0.7854 rad
4
180

(b) 90 = 90

rad
rad = rad or 1.5708 rad
2
180

(c) 120 = 120

2
rad
rad =
rad or 2.0944 rad
3
180

(d) 180 = 180

rad
= rad or 3.1416 rad
180

1
John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

EXERCISE 2, Page 5

1. Find the cosine, sine and tangent of the following angles, where appropriate each correct to 4
decimal places:
(a) 60 (b) 90 (c) 150 (d) 180 (e) 210 (f) 270 (g) 330 (h) - 30 (i) 420 (j) 450
(k) 510

(a) cos 60 = 0.5000

sin 60 = 0.8660

tan 60 = 1.7321

(b) cos 90 = 0

sin 90 = 1

tan 90 =

(c) cos 150 = - 0.8660

sin 150 = 0.5000

tan 150 = - 0.5774

(d) cos 180 = - 1

sin 180 = 0

tan 180 = 0

(e) cos 210 = - 0.8660

sin 210 = - 0.5000

tan 210 = 0.5774

(f) cos 270 = 0

sin 270 = - 1

tan 270 = -

(g) cos 330 = 0.8660

sin 330 = - 0.5000

tan 330 = - 0.5774

(h) cos - 30 = 0.8660

sin - 30 = - 0.5000

tan - 30 = - 0.5774

(i) cos 420 = 0.5000

sin 420 = 0.8660

tan 420 = 1.7321

(j) cos 450 = 0

sin 450 = 1

tan 450 =

(k) cos 510 = - 0.8660

sin 510 = 0.5000

tan 510 = - 0.5774

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John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

EXERCISE 3, Page 6
1. If ab = 2.1 m and bc = 1.5 m, determine angle .

It is convenient to use the expression for tan , since sides ab and bc are given.
Hence,
from which,

tan =

bc 1.5
= 0.7142857
=
ab 2.1

= tan 1 (0.7142857) = 35.54

2. If ab = 2.3 m and ac = 5.0 m, determine angle .

It is convenient to use the expression for cos , since sides ab and ac are given.
Hence,
from which,

cos =

ab 2.3
= 0.460
=
ac 5.0

= cos 1 (0.460) = 62.61

3. If bc = 3.1 m and ac = 6.4 m, determine angle .

It is convenient to use the expression for sin , since sides bc and ac are given.
Hence,
from which,

sin =

bc 3.1
= 0.484375
=
ac 6.4

= sin 1 (0.484375) = 28.97

3
John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

4. If ab = 5.7 cm and bc = 4.2 cm, determine the length ac

From Pythagoras,

ac2 = ab2 + bc2

= 5.72 + 4.22 = 32.49 + 17.64
= 50.13

from which,

ac =

50.13 = 7.08 m

5. If ab = 4.1 m and ac = 6.2 m, determine length bc.

From Pythagoras,

ac2 = ab2 + bc2

from which,

bc2 = ac2 - ab2

= 6.22 4.12 = 38.44 16.81
= 21.63

from which,

ac =

21.63 = 4.65 m

4
John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

EXERCISE 4, Page 7

1. If b = 6 m, c = 4 m and B = 100, determine angles A and C and length a.

Using the sine rule,

b
c
=
sin B sin C

from which,

sin C =

i.e.

6
4
=
sin100 sin C

4sin100 4 0.98481
= 0.65654
=
6
6

C = sin 1 (0.65654) = 41.04

and

Angle, A = 180 - 100 - 41.04 = 38.96

Using the sine rule again gives:

b sin A 6 sin 38.96

a
b
i.e. a =
= 3.83 m
=
=
sin A sin B
sin B
sin100

2. If a = 15 m, c = 23 m and B = 67, determine length b and angles A and C.

From the cosine rule,

b 2 = a 2 + c 2 2ac cos B

= 152 + 232 2 15 23 cos 67

= 225 + 529 2(15)(23)cos 67
= 484.3955
Hence,

length, b =

484.3955 = 22.01 m

5
John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

Using the sine rule:

b
c
=
sin B sin C

from which,

i.e.

22.01
23
=
sin 67 sin C

22.01 sin C = 23 sin 67

and

sin C =

23sin 67
= 0.96191
22.01

C = sin 1 (0.96191) = 74.14

and

Since A + B + C = 180, then A = 180 - B - C = 180 - 67 - 74.14 = 38.86

3. If a = 4 m, b = 8 m and c = 6 m, determine angle A.

Applying the cosine rule:

from which,

a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc cos A

2bc cos A = b2 + c2 - a2

and

cos A =

b2 + c2 a 2
82 + 6 2 4 2
=
= 0.875
2bc
2(8)(6)

A = cos 1 0.875 = 28.96

Hence,

4. If a = 10.0 cm, b = 8.0 cm and c = 7.0 cm, determine angles A, B and C.

Applying the cosine rule:

from which,

a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc cos A

2bc cos A = b2 + c2 - a2

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John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

and

cos A =

b2 + c2 a 2
8.02 + 7.02 10.02
=
= 0.11607
2bc
2(8.0)(7.0)

A = cos 1 0.11607 = 83.33

Hence,
Applying the sine rule:

from which,

10.0
8.0
=
sin 83.33 sin B

sin B =

8.0sin 83.33
= 0.794585
10.0

Hence,

B = sin 1 0.794585 = 52.62

and

C = 180 - 83.33 - 52.62 = 44.05

5. PR represents the inclined jib of a crane and is 10.0 m long. PQ is 4.0 m long. Determine the
inclination of the jib to the vertical (i.e. angle P) and the length of tie QR.

Applying the sine rule:

from which,

PR
PQ
=
sin120 sin R

sin R =

PQ sin120
(4.0) sin120
=
= 0.3464
PR
10.0

Hence, R = sin 1 0.3464 = 20.27 (or 159.73, which is not possible)

P = 180 - 120 - 20.27 = 39.73, which is the inclination of the jib to the vertical.
Applying the sine rule:

from which,

10.0
QR
=
sin120 sin 39.73

length of tie, QR =

10.0sin 39.73
= 7.38 m
sin120

7
John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

EXERCISE 5, Page 8

1. Evaluate A given A = 3( 2 + 1 + 4)
A = 3( 2 + 1 + 4) = 3(7) = 3 7 = 21

2. Evaluate A given A = 4[5(2 + 1) 3(6 7]

A = 4[5(2 + 1) 3(6 7] = 4[5(3) 3(- 1)]

= 4[15 + 3] = 4[18]
= 4 18 = 72

3. Expand the brackets: 2(x 2y + 3)

2(x 2y + 3) = 2(x) 2(2y) + 2(3)

= 2x 4y + 6

4. Expand the brackets: (3x 4y) + 3(y z) (z 4x)

(3x 4y) + 3(y z) (z 4x) = 3x 4y + 3y 3z z + 4x

= 3x + 4x 4y + 3y 3z z
= 7x y 4z

5. Expand the brackets: 2x + [y (2x + y)]

2x + [y (2x + y)] = 2x + [y 2x y]
= 2x + [- 2x] = 2x - 2x = 0

6. Expand the brackets: 24a [2{3(5a b) 2(a + 2b)} + 3b]

24a [2{3(5a b) 2(a + 2b)} + 3b] = 24a [2{15a 3b 2a 4b} + 3b]

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John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

= 24a [2{13a 7b} + 3b]

= 24a [26a 14b + 3b]
= 24a [26a 11b]
= 24a 26a + 11b
= - 2a + 11b or 11b 2a

7. Expand the brackets: ab[c + d e(f g + h{i + j})]

ab[c + d e(f g + h{i + j})] = ab[c + d e(f g + hi + hj)]

= ab[c + d ef + eg ehi ehj]
= abc + abd abef + abeg abehi - abehj

9
John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

EXERCISE 6, Page 10

1 1
+
3 4

1. Evaluate

A common denominator can be obtained by multiplying the two denominators together, i.e. the
common denominator is 3 4 = 12
The two fractions can now be made equivalent, i.e.
so that they can be easily added together, as follows:

1 4
1 3
and
=
=
3 12
4 12
4
3
4+3
7
1 1
+
=
=
+ =
3 4 12 12
12
12

1 1
+
5 4

2. Evaluate

A common denominator can be obtained by multiplying the two denominators together, i.e. the
common denominator is 5 4 = 20
The two fractions can now be made equivalent, i.e.
so that they can be easily added together, as follows:

3. Evaluate

1 4
1 5
and
=
=
5 20
4 20
1 1
4
5
4+5
9
+
=
=
+ =
5 4
20
20
20
20

1 1 1
+
6 2 5

1 1 1
5 + 15 6 14
7
=
+ =
=
6 2 5
30
30 15

4. Use a calculator to evaluate

1 3 8

3 4 21

1 3 8
1 1 2
= by cancelling

3 4 21 3 1 7

1 2 76
1
=
=
3 7
21
21

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John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

5. Use a calculator to evaluate

3 4 2 4

4 5 3 9

3 4 2 4 3 1 2 9
=
4 5 3 9 1 5 3 4

6. Evaluate

9
3 1 1 3
3 3 6 15
= = =
10
10
1 5 1 2
5 2

3 5 1
+ as a decimal, correct to 4 decimal places.
8 6 2

3 5 1
9 + 20 12 17
= 0.7083 correct to 4 decimal places
+ =
=
8 6 2
24
24

8
2
7. Evaluate 8 2 as a mixed number.
9
3
8
2 80 8 80 3 10 1 10
1
= 3
8 2 =
=
=
=
9
3 9 3 9 8 3 1 3
3

1 1
7
8. Evaluate 3 1 1
as a decimal, correct to 3 decimal places.
5 3 10
1 1
7 16 4 17 64 17
=

3 1 1 =
5 3 10 5 3 10 15 10

9. Determine

128 51 77
17
= 2.567 correct to 3 decimal places
= = 2
30
30
30

2 3
+ as a single fraction.
x y

2 2y
=
x xy

and

3 3x
=
y xy

Hence,

2y + 3x
3x + 2y
2 3
2y 3x
+
=
or
+ =
xy
xy
xy
xy
x y

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John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

EXERCISE 7, Page 11

1. Express 0.057 as a percentage

0.057 = 0.057 100% = 5.7%

2. Express 0.374 as a percentage

0.374 = 0.374 100% = 37.4%

3. Express 20% as a decimal number

20% =

4. Express

20
= 0.20
100

11
as a percentage
16

11 11
1100
= 100% = % = 68.75%
16 16
16

5. Express

5
as a percentage, correct to 3 decimal places
13

5
5
500
=100% = % = 38.461538. by calculator
13 13
13

= 38.462% correct to 3 decimal places

6. Place the following in order of size, the smallest first, expressing each as percentages, correct to
1 decimal place:

(a)

(a)

12
21

(b)

9
17

12 12
1200
= 100% = % = 57.1%
21 21
21

(c)

5
9

(d)

6
11

(b)

9
9
900
= 100% = % = 52.9%
17 17
17

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John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

(c)

5 5
500
=
100% = % = 55.6%
9 9
9

(d)

6 6
600
=100% = % = 54.6%
11 11
11

Placing them in order of size, the smallest first, gives: (b), (d), (c) and (a)

7. Express 65% as a fraction in its simplest form

65% =

65
65
13
and by dividing the numerator and denominator by 5 gives: 65% =
=
100
20
100

8. Calculate 43.6% of 50 kg

43.6% of 50 kg =

43.6
50 kg = 21.8 kg
100

9. Determine 36% of 27 m

36% of 27 m =

36
27 m = 9.72 m
100

10. Calculate correct to 4 significant figures:

(a) 18% of 2758 tonnes

(a) 18% of 2758 t =

(b) 47% of 18.42 grams

(c) 147% of 14.1 seconds

18
2758 t= 496.4 t
100

(b) 47% of 18.42 g =

47
18.42 g = 8.657 g
100

(c) 147% of 14.1 s =

147
14.1 s = 20.73 s
100

11. Express: (a) 140 kg as a percentage of 1 t

(b) 47 s as a percentage of 5 min

(c) 13.4 cm as a percentage of 2.5 m

It is essential when expressing one quantity as a percentage of another that both quantities are in the
same units.
13
John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

(a) 1 tonne = 1000 kg, hence 140 kg as a percentage of 1 t =

140
100% = 14%
1000

(b) 5 minutes = 5 60 = 300 s, hence 47 s as a percentage of 5 minutes =

47
100% = 15.67 %
300

(c) 2.5 m = 2.5 100 = 250 cm, hence 13.4 cm as a percentage of 2.5 m =

13.4
100% = 5.36 %
250

12. A computer is advertised on the internet at 520, exclusive of VAT. If VAT is payable at
20%, what is the total cost of the computer?

VAT = 20% of 520 =

20
520 = 104
100

Total cost of computer = 520 + 104 = 624

13. Express 325 mm as a percentage of 867 mm, correct to 2 decimal places.

325 mm as a percentage of 867 mm =

325
100% = 37.49%
867

14. When signing a new contract, a Premiership footballers pay increases from 15,500 to
21,500 per week. Calculate the percentage pay increase, correct 3 significant figures.

Percentage change is given by:

i.e.

% increase =

new value original value

100%
original value

21500 15500
6000
100% =
100% = 38.7%
15500
15500

15. A metal rod 1.80 m long is heated and its length expands by 48.6 mm. Calculate the percentage
increase in length.

% increase =

48.6
48.6
100% =
100% = 2.7%
1.80 1000
1800

14
John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

EXERCISE 8, Page 13

1. Evaluate 22 2 24
1+ 4
22 2 =
24 22+=
27

by law 1 of indices

= 128

2. Evaluate 35 33 3 in index form

35 33 3 =
35+3+1 = 39

by law 1 of indices

27
23

3. Evaluate

27
7 3
=
2=
24
3
2

by law 2 of indices

= 16

4. Evaluate

33
35

33
3 5
=
3=
32
5
3

by law 2 of indices

1
32

by law 5 of indices

1
9

5. Evaluate 7 0
70 = 1

by law 4 of indices

23 2 2 6
6. Evaluate
27
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John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

23 2 26 23+1+ 6 210
7
=
= =
210=
23 = 8
27
27
27

7. Evaluate

by laws 1 and 2 of indices

10 106
105

10 106
1+ 6 5
=
10
=
102 = 100
5
10

by laws 1 and 2 of indices

8. Evaluate 104 10

104 10 =

104
= 1041 = 103 = 1000
101

9. Evaluate

by law 2 of indices

103 104
109

103 104
1
1
4 9
2
= 0.01
= 103+=
10=
=
9
2
10
10 100

by law 2 of indices

10. Evaluate 56 52 57

56 5 2
7
= 56+ 2=
5 5 5=
51 = 5
7
5
6

by laws 1 and 2 of indices

11. Evaluate (72)3 in index form

(72)3 = 7 23 = 7 6 by law 3 of indices

12. Evaluate (33)2

(33)2 = 332 = 36 = 3 3 3 3 3 3 = 729
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John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

13. Evaluate

37 34
in index form
35

37 34
= 37 + 45 = 36
5
3

14. Evaluate

(9 32 )3
=
(3 27) 2

(9 32 )3
in index form
(3 27) 2

(3 3 =
) (3 =
)
(3 3 ) (3 )
2 3

3 2

15. Evaluate

(16 4) 2
=
(2 8)3

by laws 1 and 2 of indices

4 3

4 2

2 2

3 3

6 2

4 3

212
=1
212

by law 2 of indices

32 34
33

32 34
1
1
3
3
5
=
= 32+4=
32 4=
3=
3
5
3
3
243

18. Evaluate

by laws 1, 2 and 3 of indices

52
54

52
( 4 )
2 + 4
=
5 2=
5=
52 = 25
4
5

17. Evaluate

by laws 1, 2 and 3 of indices

(16 4) 2
(2 8)3

2 )
2 )
( 2 =
(=
(2 2 ) (2 )

16. Evaluate

312
= 3128 = 34
38

by laws 1, 2 and 5 of indices

7 2 7 3
7 7 4

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John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

7 2 7 3 7 23 7 1
3
1+ 3
= = = 7 1=
7 =
7 2 = 49
7 7 4 71 4 7 3

by laws 1 and 2 of indices

19. Simplify, giving the answer as a power: z 2 z 6

z2 z6 =
z 2+ 6 = z 8

by law 1 of indices

20. Simplify, giving the answer as a power: a a 2 a 5

a a2 a5 =
a1+ 2+5 = a 8

by law 1 of indices

21. Simplify, giving the answer as a power: n 8 n 5

n 8 n 5 =
n 85 = n 3

by law 1 of indices

22. Simplify, giving the answer as a power: b 4 b 7

b4 b7 =
b 4+ 7 = b11

by law 1 of indices

23. Simplify, giving the answer as a power: b 2 b5

b2
b b = 5 = b 25 = b 3 or
b
2

1
b3

by laws 2 and 5 of indices

24. Simplify, giving the answer as a power: c5 c3 c 4

c5 c3 c 4 =

c 5 c 3 c 5 + 3 c8
= 4 = 4 = c8 4 = c 4
c4
c
c

by laws 1 and 2 of indices

m5 m 6
25. Simplify, giving the answer as a power:
m 4 m3
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John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

m5 m 6 m5+ 6 m11
=
= = m117 = m 4
m 4 m3 m 4+3 m 7

by laws 1 and 2 of indices

26. Simplify, giving the answer as a power:

(x 2 )(x) x 2+1 x 3
= x 3 or
= =
x6
x6
x6

1
x3

by laws 1, 2 and 5 of indices

27. Simplify, giving the answer as a power:

(x )

3 4

= x 34 = x12

2 3

1
y6

= y 23 = y 6 or

(t t ) = (t ) = (t ) = t
1+ 3 2

4 2

7 2

= c 72 = c14

(y )

2 3

(t t )

3 2

by laws 1 and 3 of indices

30. Simplify, giving the answer as a power:

(c )

3 4

by laws 3 and 5 of indices

29. Simplify, giving the answer as a power:

3 2

(x )

by law 3 of indices

28. Simplify, giving the answer as a power:

(y )

(x 2 )(x)
x6

(c )

7 2

by law 3 of indices

a2
31. Simplify, giving the answer as a power: 5
a

19
John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

a2
=
5
a

a ) (a )
(=
2 5 3

3 3

= a 9 or

1
a9

by laws 3 and 5 of indices

1
32. Simplify, giving the answer as a power: 3
b

1
12
3 4
or
3 = (b ) = b
b

1
b12

by laws 3 and 4 of indices

b2
33. Simplify, giving the answer as a power: 7
b
2

b2
=
7
b

b )
(=
(b )
2 7 2

5 2

= b10

by laws 2 and of indices

34. Simplify, giving the answer as a power:

(s )

3 3

1
s

33

1
or s 9
9
s

(s )

3 3

by laws 3 and 5 of indices

35. Simplify, giving the answer as a power: p3qr 2 p 2 q 5 r pqr 2

p3qr 2 p 2 q 5 r pqr 2 = p3+ 2+1 q1+5+1 r 2+1+ 2 = p 6 q 7 r 5 = p 6q 7r 5

36. Simplify, giving the answer as a power:

x 3 y2 z
= x 35 y 21z13 = x 2 y z 2 or
5
3
x yz

x 3 y2 z
x 5 y z3

y
x z2
2

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EXERCISE 9, Page 15

1. If 5 apples and 3 bananas cost 1.45 and 4 apples and 6 bananas cost 2.42, determine how
much an apple and a banana each cost.

Let an apple = A and a banana = B, then:

From equation (1),

5A + 3B = 145

(1)

4A + 6B = 242

(2)

5A = 145 3B

and

A=

From equation (2),

145 3B
= 29 0.6B
5

(3)

4A = 242 6B

and

A=

242 6B
= 60.5 1.5B
4

Equating (3) and (4) gives:

(4)

29 0.6B = 60.5 1.5B

i.e.

1.5B 0.6B = 60.5 29

and

0.9B = 31.5

and

B=

Substituting in (3) gives:

31.5
= 35
0.9

A = 29 0.6(35) = 29 21 = 8

Hence, an apple costs 8p and a banana costs 35p

2. If 7 apples and 4 oranges cost 2.64 and 3 apples and 3 oranges cost 1.35, determine how much
an apple and an orange each cost.

Let an apple = A and an orange = R, then:

Multiplying equation (1) by 3 gives:

7A + 4R = 264

(1)

3A + 3R = 135

(2)

21A + 12R = 792

(3)
21

John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

Multiplying equation (2) by 4 gives:

Equation (3) equations (4) gives:
from which,

12A + 12R = 540

9A = 252
A=

Substituting in (3) gives:

252
= 28
9

21(28) + 12R = 792

i.e.

12R = 792 21(28)

i.e.

12R = 204

and

(4)

B=

204
= 17
12

Hence, an apple costs 28p and an orange costs 17p

3. Three new cars and four new vans supplied to a dealer together cost 93000, and five new cars
and two new vans of the same models cost 99000. Find the respective costs of a car and a van.

Let a car = C and a van = V, then working in 1000s:

Multiplying equation (2) by 2 gives:

Equation (3) equations (1) gives:
from which,

3C + 4V = 93

(1)

5C + 2V = 99

(2)

10C + 4V = 198

(3)

7 C = 105
C=

Substituting in (1) gives:

105
= 15
7

3(15) + 4V = 93

i.e.

4V = 93 3(15)

i.e.

4V = 48

and

V=

48
= 12
4

Hence, a car costs 15000 and a van costs 12000

22
John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

4. In a system of forces, the relationship between two forces F 1 and F 2 is given by:
5F 1 + 3F 2 = - 6
3F 1 + 5F 2 = - 18
Solve for F 1 and F 2
5F 1 + 3F 2 = - 6

(1)

3F 1 + 5F 2 = - 18

(2)

Multiplying equation (1) by 5 gives:

25F 1 + 15F 2 = - 30

(3)

Multiplying equation (2) by 3 gives:

9F 1 + 15F 2 = - 54

(4)

16F 1 = - 30 - - 54 = - 30 + 54 = 24

Equation (3) equation (4) gives:

from which,

F1 =

Substituting in (1) gives:

24
= 1.5
16

5(1.5) + 3F 2 = - 6

i.e.

3F 2 = - 6 - 5(1.5)

i.e.

3F 2 = - 13.5

and

F2=

13.5
= - 4.5
3

Hence, F 1 = 1.5 and F 2 = - 4.5

5. Solve the simultaneous equations:

a+b=7
ab=3

Adding equations (1) and (2) gives:

a+b=7

(1)

ab=3

(2)

2a = 10

23
John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis

from which,

a=

Substituting in (1) gives:

i.e.

10
=5
2

5+b=7
b=75=2

Hence, a = 5 and b = 2

6. Solve the simultaneous equations:

8a - 3b = 51
3a + 4b = 14

8a - 3b = 51

(1)

3a + 4b = 14

(2)

Multiplying equation (1) by 4 gives:

32a 12b = 204

(3)

Multiplying equation (2) by 3 gives:

9a + 12b = 42

(4)

Equation (3) + equations (4) gives:

from which,

41a = 246
a=

246
=6
41

Substituting in (1) gives:

48 3b = 51

i.e.

48 - 51 = 3b

i.e.

3 = 3b

and

b=-1

Hence, a = 6 and b = - 1

EXERCISE 10, Page 15

1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (a)
14. (c) 15. (a) 16. (c) 17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (c)

24
John Bird & Carl Ross Published by Taylor and Francis