In J. L. Gewirtz (Ed,), Attachment and dependency (pp. 97-137).
Washington, DC: Winston.
Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1977). Attachment theory and its utility in erosscultural research. In P. H. Leiderman, S. R. Tulkin, & A. Rosenfeld
(Eds.), Culture and infancy: Variations in the human experience (pp.
49-67). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1979). Attachment as related to mother-child
interaction. In J. S. Rosenblatt, R. A. Hinde, C. Beer, & M. Bushel
(Eds. ), Advances in the study of behavior (Vol. 9, pp. I-51). San Diego,
CA: Academic Press.
Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1989). Attachments beyond infancy. American
Psychologist, 44, 709-716.
Ainsworth, M. D. S. (in press). Attachments and other affectional bonds
across the fife cycle. In C. M. Parkes, J. Stevenson-Hinde, & E Marris
(Eds.), Attachment across the life cycle. New York: Routledge.
Ainsworth, M. D., & Ainsworth, L. H. (1958). Measuring security in
personal adjustment. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
Ainsworth, M. D. S., & Bell, S. M. (1969). Some contemporary patterns
of mother-infant interaction in the feeding situation. In A. Ambrose
(Ed. ), Stimulation in early infancy (pp. 133-170). San Diego, CA:
Academic Press.
Ainsworth, M. D. S., & Bell, S. M. (1970). Attachment, exploration,
and separation: Individualdifferences in strange-situation behavior of
one-year-olds. Child Development, 41, 49-67.
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Bell, S. M., & Stayton, D. J. (1971). Individual
differences in the strange-situation behavior of one-year-olds. In
H. R. Schaffer (Ed.), The origins of human social relations (pp. 1758). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Bell, S. M., & Stayton, D. J. (1974). Infant-mother
attachment and social development: Soeialisation as a product of reciprocal responsiveness to signals. In M. J. M. Richards (Ed.), The
integration of a child into a social world (pp. 99-135). London: Cambridge University Press.
~dnsworth, M. D. S., Blchar, M. C., Waters, E., & WaU, S. (1978). Patterns
of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale,
NJ: Erlbanm.
Ainsworth, M. D., & Bowlby, J. (1953). Research strategy in the study
of mother-child separation. Paris: Courrier de la Centre International
de l'Enfance.
Ainsworth, M. D. S., & Wittig, B. A. (1969). Attachment and exploratory
behaviour of one-year-olds in a strange situation. In B. M. Foss (Ed.),
Determinants of infant behaviour (Vol. 4, pp. 111-136). London:
Methuen.
Bell, S. M., & Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1972). Infant crying and maternal
responsiveness. Child Development, 43, 1171-1190.
Blatz, W. E. (1966). Human security: Some reflections. Toronto, Canada:
University of Toronto Press.
Bowlby, J. (1944). Forty-fourjuvenile thieves: Their characters and their
home life. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 25, 19-52, 107127.
Bowlby,J. (195 I). Maternal care and mental health. Geneva, Switzerland:
World Health O~aniTation.
Bowlby, J. (1953). Some pathological processes set in train by early
mother-child separation. Journal of Mental Science, 2, 265-272.
Bowlby,J. (1958). The nature of a child's tie to his mother. International
Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 39, 350-373.
Bowlby, J. (1960a). Grief and mourning in infancy and early childhood.
Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 15, 9-52.
A p r i l 1991 * A m e r i c a n Psychologist
Bowiby,L (1960b). Separation anxiety. International Journal of PsychoAnalysis, 41, 89-113.
Bowlby,J. ( 1961a). Processes of mourning. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 42, 317-340.
Bowlby, J. (1961b). Separation anxiety: A critical review of the literature.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, I, 251-269.
Bowlhy, J. (1963). Pathological mourning and childhood mourning.
Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 11, 500-541.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. New York:
Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and
anger. New York: Basic Books.
Bowlby,J. (1979). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. London:
Tavistock.
Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss: Sadness and
depression. New York: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1988a). A secure base. New York: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1988b). Attachment, communication, and the therapeutic
process. In J. Bowlby, A secure base (pp. 137-157). New York: Basic
Books.
Bowlby, J. (1990). Charles Darwin: A new biography. London: Hutchinson.
Bowlby, J., & Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1965). Child care and the growth of
love (2nd ed.). Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books.
Bowlby, J., Ainsworth, M. D., Boston, M., & Rosenbluth, D. (1956).
Effects of mother-child separation. British Journal of Medical Psycholog, 29, 169-201.
Bretherton, I., & Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1974). Responses of one-yearolds to a stranger in a strange situation. In M. Lewis & L. A. Rosenbhim
(Eds. ), The origin of fear (pp. 131-164). New York: Wiley.
Brown, G. W., & Harris, T (1978). The social origins of depression: A
study of psychiatric disorder in women. London: Tavistock.
Heinicke, C. (1956). Some effects of separating two-year-old children
from their parents. Human Relations, 9, 105-176.
Heinicke, C., & Westheimer, I. (1966). Brief separations. New York:
International Universities Press.
Klopfer, B., Ainsworth, M. D., Klopfer, W. G., & Holt, R. R. (1954).
Developments in the Rorschach technique (Vol. 1). Yonkers-on-Hudson,
NY: World Book.
Parkes, C. M. (1972). Studies of grief in adult l/~. New York: International
Universities Press.
Robertson, J. (1952). A two-year-old goes to hospital [Film]. New York:
New York University Film Library.
Robertson, J., & Bowlby, J. (1952). Responses of young children to
separation from their mothers. Courrier de la Centre International
de l'Enfance, 2, 131-142.
Salter, M. D. (1940). An evaluation of adjustment based on the concept
of security (University of Toronto Studies, Child Development Series,
No. 18). Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
Stayton, D. J., & Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1973). Individual differences in
infant responses to brief, everyday separations as related to other infant
and maternal behavior. Developmental Psychology, 9, 226-235.
Stayton, D. J., Ainsworth, M. D. S., & Main, M. (1973). The d~/eiopment
of separation behavior in the first year of life: Protest, following, and
greeting. Developmental Psycholog?A, 9, 213-225.
Stayton, D. J., Hogan, R., & Ainsworth, M. D. S. ( 1971). Infant obedience
and maternal behavior. The origins of socialization reconsidered. Child
Development, 42, 1057-1069.
341
