CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY

EXERCISE 2(A)
More than one options may be correct

Q.1

Sol.

x n (cos x)
x0
n 1 x2
f
(x)

then :

If

x0
0
(A) f is continuous at x = 0
(B) f is continuous at x = 0 but not differentiable at x = 0
(C) f is differentiable at x = 0
(D) f is not continuous at x = 0
[A, C]

f ' 0 lim
h 0

h ln cos h

h ln 1 h 2

lim
h 0

ln cos h h 2

ln 1 h 2

h
1
1
lim 2 cos h 1
h 0 h
2
1
Paralally f ' 0
2
Hence f is continuous and derivable at x = 0

Given that the derivative f (a) exists. Indicate which of the following statement(s) is/are always true.
f h f a
f a f a h
(A) f ' x lim
(B) f ' a lim
h a
h 0
h a
h
f a 2t f a
f a 2t f a t
(C) f ' a lim
(D) f ' a lim
t 0
t 0
t
2t
Sol. [A, B]
1
(C) is false and is True only if f (a) = 0 limit is 2f (a). In (D) same logic limit is f ' a
2
Q.2

Let [x] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to x. If f (x) x sin x , then f (x) is:
(A) continuous at x = 0
(B) continuous in ( 1, 0)
(C) differentiable at x = 1
(D) differentiable in ( 1, 1)
Sol. [A, B, D]
0 x 1
0

x 0 or1or 1
f x 0
0
1 x 0
f (x) = 0 for all in [ 1, 1]
Q.3

Q.4

The function, f x x x where [x] denotes greatest integer function

(A) is continuous for all positive integers

(B) is continuous for all non positive integers
(C) has finite number of elements in its range
(D) is such that its graph does not lie above the x axis.
Sol. [A, B, C, D]
x 1
0
1
1 x 0
x x
0
0 x 1

1 x 2
0
range is {0, 1}
The graph is

Let f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) for all x, y R . Then:

(A) f (x) must be continuous x R
(B) f (x) may be continuous x R
(C) f (x) must be discontinuous x R
(D) f (x) may be discontinuous x R
Sol. [B, D]
limit f x h limit f x f h
Q.5

h 0

f x limit f h

h 0

h 0

Hence if h 0
f (h) = 0
f is continuous otherwise discontinuous
Q.6

Sol.

The function f x 1 1 x 2
(A) has its domain 1 x 1.
(B) has finite one sided derivates at the point x = 0.
(C) is continuous and differentiable at x = 0.
(D) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0.
[A, B, D]

f '0

Q.7

Sol.

x
1
1
x2

;f ' 0
;f x

2
2
1 1 x2
1 1 x2

Consider the function f(x) = | x + 1 | then

(A) Domain of f x R
(B) Range of f is R+
(C)f has no inverse.
(D)f is continuous and differentiable for every x R .
[A, C]

Range is R 0 B is not correct

f is not differentiable at x = 1
x3 1
if x 1
as f x
3
if x 1
x 1
3x 2 if x 1
f '(x)
2
if x 1
3x

f ' 1 3;

f ' 1 3
f is not differentiable at x = 1
also since f is not bijective hence it has no inverse

Q.8

Let f x

x 2 x 1
.x then:
x 1 1
3
(B) f ' 1
2
(D) none

(A) f (10) = 1
Sol.

(C) domain of f (x) is x 1

[A, B]

f x
Q.9

x 1 1 2 x 1
x 1 1

x if x 1, 2
x

x 1 1
x if x 2,
x 1 1

f is a continuous function in [a, b]; g is a continuous function in [b, c]

A function h (x) is defined as
h (x) = f (x)
for x a, b

= g (x)
for x b, c
If f (b) = g (b), then
(A) h (x) has a removable discontinuity at x=b.
(B) h (x) may or may not be continuous in [a, c]
(C) h(b) = g(b+) and h (b+) = f(b)
(D) h (b+) = g (b ) and h (b) = f (b+)
Sol. [A, C]
Given f is continuous in [b, c]
..(1)
g is continuous in [b, c]
(2)
f (b) = g (b)
(3)
h (x) = f (x)
for x a, b
= f (b) = g (b)
= g (x)

for x = b
for x b, c

h (x) is continuous in a, b b,c

(4)
[using (1), (2)]

also f b = f (b); g (b+) = g (b)

(5)

[using (1), (2)]

h b f b f b g b g b h b
now, verify each alternative. Of course! g (b ) and f (b+) are undefined.
h (b ) = f b = f (b) = g (b) = g (b+)
and

h (b+) = g (b+) = g (b) = f (b) = f b

hence h (b) = h (b+) = f (b) = g (b)

and h (b) is not defined

x 3
, x 1
2
Q.10 The function f x x 3x 13
is :
, x 1

4
2 4
(A) continuous at x = 1
(B) differentiable at x =1
(C) continuous at x = 3
(D) differentiable at x = 3
Sol. [A, B, C]

x 3
if x 3

3 x
if 1 x 3
f x
x 2 3x 13 if x 1

2 4
4
f 1 h f 1
f ' 1 limit
h 0
h
3 1 h 2
1
limit
h 0
h
2
1 h 3 1 h 13 2

4
2
4
f ' 1 lim it
h 0
h
2
1 h 6 1 h 5
limit
h 0
4h
2
h 2h 6h
1
limit
h 0
4h
f' is continuous at x = 1

Q.11 Which of the following statements are true?

xy
(A) If xe = y + sin-x, then at y I (0) = 1.
2m+
2m
2m-1
(B)If f(x) =aox 1+alx +a3X +......+ a2m+1 = 0 (a0 0) is a polynomial equation with
rational co-efficients then the equation f'(x) = 0 must have a real root.(m N ).
n-I
n-2
(C) If (x r) is a factor of the polynomial f(x) = anx"+ an_ 1 x + an-2x + ..... + a0 repeated m times
where 1 m n then r is a root of the equation f' (x) = 0 repeated (m 1) times.

(D) If y = sin 1 (cos sin 1 x) + cos 1 (sin cos 1 x) then

dy
is independent on x.
dx

Sol.
[D]

[A, C, D]
Let sin - 1 x = t

cos 1 x t
2

y sin 1 cos t cos1 sin t sin 1 cos t cos 1 cos t
2

y
2
dy
0

dx

Q.12 Let y x x .......... then

dy

dx

1
x
(B)
2y 1
x 2y
Sol. [A, C, D]
y2 x y
dy
1

dx 2y 1
x
also y 1
y
dy
y

dx 2x y
make a quadratic in y to get explicit function
(A)

Q.13 If
(A)

y x y x c (where c 0), then

2x
c2

(B)

x
y y2 x 2

(C)

1
1 4x

(D)

y
2x y

dy
has the value equal to
dx
(C)

y y2 x 2
x

(D)

c2
2y

Sol. [A, B, C]
Square both sides, differentiate and rationalize

Q.14 If f x cos cos x 1 ; where x is the greatest integer function of x, then f(x) is
x
2

continuous at
(A) x = 0
(B) x = 1
(C) x = 2
(D) none of these
Sol. [B, C]
(A) = Not defined at x = 0;
(B) = f (1) = cos 3; f (2) = 0 and both the limits exist

Q.15 Select the correct statements.

2x 2 3 for x 1
(A) The function f defined by f (x) = f x
is neither differentiable nor
3x 2 for x 1
continuous at x = 1
(B) The function f x x 2 x is twice differentiable at x = 0.
(C) If f is continuous at x = 5 and f (5) = 2 then lim f 4x 2 11 exists.
x 2

(D) If lim f x g x 2 and lim f x g x 1 then lim f x g x need not exist.

x a

Sol.

x a

x a

[B, C]

Q.16 Which of the following functions has/have removable discontinuity at x = 1.

1
x2 1
(A) f x
(B) f x 3
nx
x 1
(C) f x 2

(D) f x

2 1 x

Sol.
(A)

[B, D]
lim f x does not exist

(B)

lim f x

x 1 2x
x2 x

x1

(C)

2
f (x) has removable discontinuity at x = 1
3
lim f x does not exist

(D)

lim f x

x1

x1

x1

1
2 2

f (x) has removable discontinuity at x = 1

Q.17 f (x) is an even function, x = 1 is a point of minima and x = 2 is a point of maxima for y = f (x).
Further lim f x 0, and lim f x . f (x) is increasing in (1, 2) & decreasing everywhere in
x

0,1 2, . Also f (1) = 3 & f (2) = 5 Then

(A) f (x) = 0 has no real roots
(B) y = f (x) and y f x are identical functions
(C) f (x) = 0 has exactly four real roots whose sum is zero
(D) f (x) = 0 has exactly four real roots whose sum is 6
Sol. [A, B, C]
lim f x ,
lim f x 0
x 0

 f (x) is increasing in (1, 2) and decreasing in 0,1 2, from the graph

Q.18
Q.19
Q.20
PASSAGE 1

b
t

A curve is represented parametrically by the equations x = f (t) = aln

and y = g (t) = b ln
and a 1, b 1 where t R.
dy
?
Q.21 Which of the following is not a correct expression for
dx
g t
f t
1
(A)
(B) (g(t))2
(C)
(D)
2
gt
f t
f (t)
Sol. [D]
d2 y
Q.22 The value of
at the point where f (t) = g (t) is
dx 2
1
(A) 0
(B)
(C) 1
(D) 2
2
Sol. [D]
f t f ' t f t f " t

t R, is equal to
f ' t f ' t f ' t f ' t
(B) 2
(C) 4

Q.23 The value of

(A) 2
Sol.

[B]

x f t a

ln b t

y gt b

a t ln b

ln a

bln a

.(1)

ln b1
y gt a
f t
From equation (1) and (2)
xy = 1
1
(i) y
x

a ln b

a t ln b

.(2)

(D) 4

a a, b > 0
t

dy
1
1
2 2
dx
x
f t
Also xy = 1
dy
1
y2
2 g 2 t

dx
x
1
gt
dy
y
Again xy = 1

dx
x
f t
(D) is incorrect

(A) is correct

(B) is correct
(C) is correct

(ii) f(t) = g(t) f (t) = f ( t) t = 0

{ f (t) is one-one function}
At t = 0, x = y = 1
dy 1
d2 y 2
2 and 2 3
dx x
dx
x
2
d y
2
At x = 1,
dx 2

fg=1
(iii) xy = 1
f g + g f + g f + g f = 0
f g + g f + 2 g f = 0
fg '' gf ''

(3)

2
f 'g ' g 'f '
from equation (2)
g (t) = f ( t)
g (t) = f ( t)
and g (t) = f ( t)
substituting in equation (3)
f t f '' t
f t f '' t

2
f ' t f ' t f ' t f ' t

f g + g f = 0

f t f '' t f t f '' t

2
f ' t f ' t f ' t f ' t
1

PASSAGE 2
1
x,
2 , where [.] denotes greatest integer
Let a function be defined as f x 2
2x 1, 1 x 2
2
function.
Answer the following question by using the above information.
2 x

Q.24 The number of points of discontinuity of f (x) is

(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
Sol. [B]

Two points of discontinuity 1,

1
2

Q.25 The function f (x 1) is discontinuous at the points

1
1
1
(A) 1,
(B) ,1
(C) 0,
2
2
2
Sol.

(D) 0

(D) 0, 1

[C]

Discontinuous at 1,

1
2

Q.26 Number of points where f (x) is not differentiable is

(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
Sol. [C]

1 1
at 1, ,
the function is not differentiable.
2 2

(D) 4

PASSAGE 3
Two students, A & B are asked to solve two different problem. A is asked to evaluate
1 cos ln 1 x

n
n
n
lim
&
B
is
asked
to
evaluate
lim

......
3
2
3
3
x 0
x

x
n 1
n 2n
n 1
provides the following solution
ln 1 x
1 cos
x
x

lim 1 cos x As lim ln 1 x 1

Let h lim

x 0
x 0
x2
x 2 x 0
x

1
l1
2
B provides the following solution

2n
2n

n
n

1
Let l2 lim

lim
n

n
r 1 n 3 r

r 1 n n r

n2

1
n
n
n
lim

.......

n n
2
2n
n 1
n 2
n 2
n2
n
n

2n
lim 1 1 ....... 1 lim
2

n n
n n
2n times


Q.27 Identify the correct statement
(A) both of them get the correct answer
(B) both of them get the incorrect answer
(C) A gets the correct answer while B gets the incorrect answer.
(D) B gets the correct answer while A gets the incorrect answer.
Sol. [A]
Q.28 Who has solved the problem correctly.
(A) A
(B) B
Sol.

[D]

(C) both of them

(D) no one

, n N. A

Q.29

tan x sin x
4l1

x3

f (x)
k

ex x 1

l
2 1 cos x

x0
x 0 where l1 and l 2 are correct values of the corresponding limits, if is
x0

continuous at x = 0 the K is equal to:

(A) 1
(B) 2
Sol. [D]
2
1 cos ln 1 x ln 1 x
1
l1 lim

2
x 0
ln 1 x
x
2

(C) 3

(D) no value of K

A & B have made the same mistake, they used the notion of limit partly in the problem, where as once the
limiting notion has been used the resulting expression must be free from the variable on which the limit has
been imposed
2n n
2n 2
lim
l2 lim
n
n
n3 1
n3 1
Hence l2 = 2 (sandwich theorem)

Sol.1
Sol.2
Sol.3

Hence (A)
Hence (D)
1 tan x sin x
1 1
lim 4
4 1

3
x 0
2
x
2 2

ex x 1
x2

lim l2
2 2 2 8
2
x 0
1 cos x
x
for no value if K
Hence (D)
PASSAGE 4
Q.30
Q.31
Q.32
Matrix match type
Q.33
Q.34
(A)
(B)

Column I
x 1 if x 0
f x
, at x 0 is
cos x if x 0
For every x R the function

Column II
(P) continuous
(Q) differentiability

gx

sin x

1 x
where [x] denotes the greatest integer function is
h x

(C)

(R) discontinuous
(S) non derivable

where {x} denotes fractional part

function for all x I, is

(B)

ln1x
k x x if x 1 at x 1is
(D)
e if x 1

(A) P, S; (B) P, Q; (C) R, S; (D) P, Q

cos h 0
f ' 0 lim
does not exist. Obviously f (0) = f (0+) = 1
h 0
h
Hence continuous and not derivable
g (x) = 0 for all x, hence continuous and derivable

(C)

as 0 f x 1, hence h x

(D)

lim x ln x lim x logx e e f 1

Sol.
(A)

x which is discontinuous hence non derivable all x I

x 1

x 1

Hence k (x) is constant for all x > 0 hence continuous and differentiable at x = 1.
Q.35
(A)

Column I
Number of points of discontinuity of f x tan 2 x sec2 x

Column II
(p) 1

in 0, 2 is
(B)
(C)
(D)

Number of points at which f x sin 1 x tan 1 x cot 1 x

is non-differentiable in ( 1, 1) is
Number of points of discontinuity of y sin x , x 0, 2
where [ . ] represents greatest integer function
Number of points where y x 1 x 2 x 3 is
3

non-differentiable
(A) q; (B) r; (C) q; (D) p
3
(A)
tan2 x is discontinuous at x ,
2 2
3
sec2 x is discontinuous at x = x ,
2 2
Sol.

Number of discontinuities = 2
(B)

Since f x sin 1 x tan 1 x cot 1 x sin 1 x

(q) 2
(r) 0
(s) 3

 f(x) is differentiable in ( 1, 1)
number of points of non-differentiable = 0

, 0x
0
2

1
,x

2
(C)
7t
y sin x

0
, x
2

1
, x 2

, x 2
0

Points of discontinuity are

(D)

,
2

y x 1 x 2 x 3 is non differentiable at x = 3 only.

3