Glider Introductory Course
Radio
Communications
Glider Flight
Aviation Education Wing
Radio Communications
History
Principle of Radio Communications
Characteristics
Radio Telephony
Standard Phraseology
Radio Communications
Callsign
Structure of Message
Radio Discipline
Usage
Emergency
History
Early period of human history
Fire & Smoke
Shouting
Displaying Large Visual Signals
WW2
Low Frequency Wavelength
Long Range / Static
High Frequency Wavelength
Weak Transmission reaching Long Range
Principle
Radio Communications System
Electromagnetic (EM) Energy
Radio Wave
Receiver (Rx)
Transmitter (Tx)
Principle
Radio Wave (Electromagnetic Wave)
UHF (Ultra High Frequency)
1m 30cm
300MHz 3GHz
VHF (Very High Frequency)
10m 1m
30MHz 300MHz
HF (High Frequency)
100m 10m
3MHz 30MHz
=
- Speed of
Light
- Wavelength
- Frequency
Principle
B (123.8MHz)
Radio Net
A (123.8MHz)
D (133.95MHz)
C (123.8MHz)
Control
(123.8MHz)
Characteristics of Radio
Specific Channel
Matching Channel
Using the same device as Tx & Rx
One Station transmitting at one time
Specific Range of Frequencies for Public
Sharing among groups (e.g. 409Mhz)
Phonetic Alphabets
Letters pronounced over the radio
B,D
P,T
C,Z,E
International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO) adopted a system of words
Alphabets
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Alpha
Bravo
Charlie
Delta
Echo
Foxtrot
Golf
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
Hotel
India
Juliet
Kilo
Lima
Mike
November
Alphabets
O
P
Q
R
S
T
Oscar
Papa
Quebec
Romeo
Sierra
Tango
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Uniform
Victor
Whiskey
X-ray
Yankee
Zulu
Numbers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
WUN
TOO
TREE
FOWER
FIFE
SIX
SEVEN
8
9
0
100
1000
.
AIT
NINER
ZERO
HUN-DRED
TOU-SAND
DAY-SEE-MAL
Standard Phraseology
AFFIRM
Yes
APPROVED
Permission for proposed action granted
CANCEL
CONFIRM
Annul the previous transmitted
clearance
Authorized to proceed under the
conditions specified
I request clarification of
CONTACT
Establish communications with
CLEARED
Standard Phraseology
CORRECT
True / Accurate
CORRECTION An error has been made in this
transmission. The correct version is
DISREGARD Ignore
GO AHEAD
Proceed with your message
I SAY AGAIN
I repeat for clarity or emphasis
NEGATIVE
No / Permission not granted / That is
not correct
Standard Phraseology
READ BACK
REPORT
Repeat all, or specified part, of this
message back to me
Pass me the information
REQUEST
I should like to know
SAY AGAIN
Repeat all, or the following part, of your
last transmission
Reduce rate of speech
SPEAK
SLOWER
STANDBY
Wait and I will call you
Standard Phraseology
ROGER
I have received all of your transmission
WILCO
I understand and will comply your
message
Indicates different portions of the
message
BREAK
Standard Phraseology
TAKE OFF
LAND
DEPARTURE
APPROACH
LINE UP
(& WAIT)
Used only in granting a clearance to take
off
Used only in granting a clearance to land
Alternative word for take off when the
message is not related to granting of
clearance
Alternative word for land when the
message is not related to granting of
clearance
Taxi into the runway and hold
Standard Phraseology
TAXI
Clear to taxi
HOLD
Stop at current or specified position
GRASS
Grass runway
SEAL
Sealed runway
RUNWAY
Sealed runway when no grass runway of
the same designator exists
Standard Phraseology
HOW DO
YOU READ
What is the readability of my message?
I read you
1: Unreadable
2: Barely readable, occasional words distinguishable
3: Readable with considerable difficulty
4: Readable with practically no difficulty
5: Perfectly readable
Callsign
ATC different controlling positions
Hong Kong Delivery / Ground / Tower
Area without ATC:
[area name] traffic, e.g. Drury Traffic
Aircrafts
by registration e.g. (ZK-) EYA
Auckland Delivery, EYA
Drury Traffic, ESG
Structure of Message
[Recipient] [Self] [Message (location +
request)]
E.g. JWI, at BCFT, Information H, QNH 1010,
request taxi.
Structure of Message
Read back
[Recipient] [Self] [Instruction]
Tower: JWI, Bournemouth Tower, behind the
landing 737, line up and wait behind.
[Read back] [Self]
JWI: JWI, behind the landing 737, line up and
wait behind.
Radio Discipline
Proper Voice Procedure
Establish / Terminate Communication
Proper Channel & Frequency
Greet before you send message
Make sure recipient is aware of you & your
message
Give time for recipient to locate you
Radio Discipline
Use standard phrases as far as practicable
May use plain language if do not understand / nonroutine
Listen before transmitting
Think then speak
You may be interrupting others message
Release PTT promptly after call
Radio Discipline
Unlike Daily Conversation
Avoid
Radio Courtesy
Please
Thanks
Welcome
- Brief
- Clear
- Accurate
- Without Delay
Offering Messages
NEVER press and hold the TALK button, while
trying to think of what to be said
MUST first decide what you are going to speak
BEFORE press and hold the TALK button
Speak reasonably SLOW in a CLEAR voice
Pause wisely to let the receiving party digest
the message
Usage
Station
Message
FQ
Winch
FQ
Winch
Winch
FQ
Winch, FQ, take up slack, take up slack
Taking up slack
FQ, all out, all out
All out
Top of the launch
[Release cable]
Usage
XO
BLW
XO
XO
[Enter downwind] Matamata traffic, glider
XO, (early / late) downwind 28
Matamata traffic, BLW, short final 28, full
stop
[Enter base] Matamata traffic, glider XO,
base 28
[Enter final] Matamata traffic, glider XO, final
28
Usage
The following slides on R/T usage is for your
information only You will not be asked on
those in examination and rarely you will be
required to apply those in glider flying.
Usage
Requesting taxi to runway
JWI
Ground
JWI
Ground
JWI
Bournemouth Ground, JWI
JWI, Bournemouth Ground, go ahead.
JWI, at BCFT, Information H, QNH 1010,
request taxi.
JWI, squawk 2047, taxi via Bravo, hold short
runway 26, Sandbanks Departure, 2000 feet or
below.
Squawk 2047, taxi via Bravo, hold short
runway 26, Sandbanks Departure, 2000 feet or
below, JWI
Usage
awaiting for departure
JWI
Tower
Tower
JWI
Bournemouth Tower, JWI, hold short of
runway 26.
JWI, Bournemouth Tower, roger.
JWI, behind the landing 737, line up and wait
behind.
behind the landing 737, line up and wait
behind, JWI.
Usage
Lined up on runway
Tower
JWI
Tower
JWI
JWI wind 250 at 5 knots, maintain runway
heading after airborne, cleared for take off,
runway 26
After airborne maintain runway heading,
cleared for take off runway 26, JWI
JWI you may turn left for Sandbanks, resume
own navigation.
Left turn for Sandbanks, resume own
navigation, JWI
Usage
Passing Traffic
Tower
JWI
Tower
JWI, traffic, a Cherokee at your 2 oclock,
1500ft.
Traffic in sight, JWI
JWI, roger. Break. XTZ, cleared to climb
altitude 3000 ft.
Usage
Returning to Airport
JWI
Tower
JWI
Bournemouth Tower, JWI, approaching
Stoney Cross, 2000 feet, Information K, QHN
1009, request rejoin.
JWI, squawk 2064, descend to altitude 1200
feet, join right downwind runway 08.
Squawk 2064, descend to altitude 1200 feet,
join right downwind runway 08, JWI
Usage
Approaching the Airport
JWI
Tower, JWI, right downwind.
Tower
JWI
Tower
JWI
JWI, number 2 behind a Cessna 2 miles final
number 2, JWI
JWI, cleared to land runway 08
Cleared to land runway 02, JWI
Usage
After landing
JWI
Tower
JWI
JWI
Ground
JWI
Tower, JWI, runway vacated
JWI, roger. Contact Ground 121.7
Contact Ground 121.7, JWI
Bournemouth Ground, JWI, on taxiway C.
JWI, Bournemouth Ground. Taxi to BCFT.
Taxi to BCFT, JWI.
Recap
Address recipient
Your identity
Position
Altitude
Intention / Information
If unsure?
ASK until you
understand!
Never assume
Controllers are
happier (or less
frustrated) to
answer your
question than to
tackle the problem
http://www.mod.uk/dasc/publicity/poster_cat_02.htm
Emergency
MAYDAY
Comes from French Maidez meaning help me
Distress signal
Serious/imminent danger
Requiring immediate assistance
Transponder 7700
Emergency
PAN-PAN
Comes from the word Panic
Urgency signal
Condition affecting flight safety
But immediate assistance not needed
Transponder 7700
Emergency
Other stations remain silence until
Emergency ends
Requested by Control Station / station in
emergency
Emergency Usage
JWI
Mayday Mayday Mayday, JWI, JWI, JWI,
engine failure, 2 persons on board, overhead
Tarrant Rushton, 1500 feet, performing
forced landing
Emergency Radio Failure
Rx only / Tx only / headset problem / total radio
failure?
Pressed the Tx button?
Volume?
Other side of jack-in?
Correct FREQ? If correct, try other FREQ? Other ACFT?
Continue blind Tx (Transmitting Blind)
Transponder 7600
Emergency Radio Failure
If inside controlled airspace
Follow last ATC instruction
Hold at last cleared point
[Attempt to contact TWR by mobile phone]
Continue blind Tx
Await light signal from Tower
Emergency Radio Failure
If outside controlled airspace
STAY AWAY from controlled airspace
Continue blind Tx
Find a nearby aerodrome (OUTSIDE controlled
airspace) to land
Contact Club once landed and shut down
