ENERGY USE
and
CONSERVATION
Energy Use
Energy is one of the major inputs for
the economic development of any
country..
energy needs requiring huge
investments to meet energy
demand.
Several types:
Primary and Secondary energy
Commercial and Non commercial
energy
Renewable and Non-Renewable
energy
Primary and Secondary energy
Commercial Energy and Non
Commercial Energy
Commercial energy: Energy sources that are
available in the market for a definite price.
Examples: Electricity, lignite, coal, oil, natural
gas etc.
Non-Commercial Energy: not available in the
commercial market for a price.
Example: agro waste in rural areas; solar
energy for water heating, for drying grain,
Firewood, fish, fruits; animal power for
transport, threshing etc.
Renewable and Non-Renewable
Energy
Global Primary Energy Reserves
Coal
The proven global coal reserve was estimated to
be 9,84,453 million tonnes by end of 2003. The
USA had the largest share of the global reserve
(25.4%) followed by Russia (15.9%), China
(11.6%). India was 4th in the list with 8.6%.
Oil
The global proven oil reserve was estimated to
be 1147 billion barrels by the end of 2003.
Saudi Arabia had the largest share of the
reserve with almost 23%. (One barrel of oil is
approximately 160 litres).
Gas
The global proven gas reserve was estimated
to be 176 trillion cubic metres by the end of
2003. The Russian Federation had the largest
share of the reserve with almost 27%.
Global Primary Energy Consumption
Global Energy Scenario
Energy Conservation and its importance
60% of
resources
consumed
so far
85% of raw
energy comes
from nonrenewable
sources and
hence not
available for
future
generation
Why to conserve it ?
We have limited resources available
on earth.
Our demands are continuously
increasing day by day.
It is possible that someday most of
the non-renewable resources will
be exhausted and we will have to
switch over to alternate energy
Indian Energy Scenario
India's energy intensity is 3.7 times of Japan, 1.55 times of USA,
1.47 times of Asia and 1.5 times of World average
Energy Scenario in India
Indian Energy Scenario
Sector wise Energy Consumption
Type of Consumer
Percentage of Consumption
Agricultural
Industry
49
Transport
22
Residential
10
Others
14
Energy Saving Potential
Sector
Potential(%)
Economy as a whole
Up to 23
Agricultural
Up to 30
Industrial
Up to 25
Transport
Up to 20
Domestic and
Commercial
Up to 20
Energy Saving Potential contd..
Assessed potential of 25000MW energy saving
Energy Efficiency / Conservation and Demand Side Management
measures can reduce peak and average demand
One unit saved avoids 2.5 to 3 times of fresh capacity addition
Investment in Energy Efficiency / Energy Conservation is highly cost
effective
Also avoids investment in fuel, mining, transportation etc.
Energy conservation in India
About 70% of India's energy generation capacity is from fossil fuels, with coal
accounting for 40% of India's total energy consumption followed by crude
oil and natural gas at 24% and 6% respectively. India is largely dependent on
fossil fuel imports to meet its energy demands.
By 2030, India's dependence on energy imports is expected to exceed 53% of
the country's total energy consumption. In 2009-10, the country imported
159.26 million tonnes of crude oil which amount to 80% of its domestic crude
oil consumption and 31% of the country's total imports are oil imports. The
growth of electricity generation in India has been hindered by domestic coal
shortages and as a consequence, India's coal imports for electricity
generation increased by 18% in 2010.
Energy Efficiency benefits
Energy Strategy
Immediate-term
Medium-term
Medium-term
Demand side
management
(DSM)
less energyintensive modes of
transport
non-renewable to
renewable energy
sources
Efficient generation of
energy resources
Improving energy
infrastructure
Enhancing energy
efficiency
Deregulation and
privatization of energy
sector
Investment legislation to
attract foreign
investments
Rationalizing the tariff
structure of various
energy products.
Optimum utilization of
existing assets
Efficiency in production
systems and reduction
in distribution losses,
including those in
traditional energy
sources.
Promoting R&D,
transfer and use of
technologies and
practices for
environmentally sound
energy systems.
Energy Conservation Act 2001
To tap the huge energy conservation potential
Energy Conservation Act was .
Enacted in October 2001
Become effective from 1st March 2002
Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) operationalized
from 1st March 2002.
Important features
Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
Standards and Labeling
Designated Consumers
Certification of Energy Managers and
Accreditation of Energy Auditing Firms
Energy Conservation Building Codes
Central Energy Conservation Fund
Role of Central and State Governments
Enforcement through Self-Regulation
Penalties and Adjudication
Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE):
The mission of Bureau of Energy Efficiency is to institutionalize energy efficiency
services, enable delivery mechanisms in the country and provide leadership to
energy efficiency in all sectors of economy.
The primary objective would be to reduce energy intensity in the Indian Economy.
The general superintendence, directions and management of the affairs of the
Bureau is vested in the Governing Council with 26 members.
The Council is headed by Union Minister of Power and consists of members represented by
Secretaries of various line Ministries, the CEOs of technical agencies under the Ministries,
members representing equipment and appliance manufacturers, industry, architects,
consumers and five power regions representing the states. The Director General of the
Bureau shall be the ex-officio member-secretary of the Council.
The BEE will be initially supported by the Central Government by way of grants
through budget, it will, however, in a period of 5-7 years become self-sufficient.
It would be authorized to collect appropriate fee in discharge of its functions
assigned to it.
The BEE will also use the Central Energy Conservation Fund and other funds raised
from various sources for innovative financing of energy efficiency projects in order
to promote energy efficient investment.
Role of Bureau of Energy Efficiency
The role of BEE would be
to prepare standards and labels of appliances and
equipment
develop a list of designated consumers
specify certification and accreditation procedure
prepare building codes
maintain Central EC fund
undertake promotional activities in co-ordination with
center and state level agencies.
development of Energy service companies (ESCOs)
transforming the market for energy efficiency and
create awareness through measures.
Standards and Labeling
Evolve minimum energy consumption and
performance standards for notified equipment
and appliances.
Prohibit manufacture, sale and import of such
equipment, which does not conform to the
standards.
Introduce a mandatory labeling scheme for
notified equipment appliances to enable
consumers to make informed choices
Disseminate information on the benefits to
consumers
Designated Consumers
The government would notify energy intensive industries and
other establishments as designated consumers;
Schedule to the Act provides list of designated consumers which
covered basically energy intensive industries, Railways, Port Trust,
Transport Sector, Power Stations, Transmission & Distribution
Companies and Commercial buildings or establishments;
The designated consumer to get an energy audit conducted by an
accredited energy auditor;
Energy managers with prescribed qualification are required to be
appointed or designated by the designated consumers;
Designated consumers would comply with norms and standards of
energy consumption as prescribed by the central government.
Certification of Energy Managers and
Accreditation of Energy Auditing Firms
A cadre of professionally qualified energy
managers and auditors with expertise in policy
analysis, project management, financing and
implementation of energy efficiency projects
Developed through Certification and
Accreditation programme.
BEE to design training modules, and conduct a
National level examination for certification of
energy managers and energy auditors.
Energy Conservation Building Codes
The BEE would prepare guidelines for Energy Conservation Building
Codes (ECBC).
These would be notified to suit local climate conditions or other
compelling factors by the respective states for commercial buildings
erected after the rules relating to energy conservation building
codes have been notified.
In addition, these buildings should have a connected load of 500
kW or contract demand of 600 kVA and above and are intended to
be used for commercial purposes;
Energy audit of specific designated commercial building consumers
would also be prescribed
Central Energy Conservation Fund:
The fund would be set up at the centre to develop the
delivery mechanism for large-scale adoption of energy
efficiency services such as performance contracting
and promotion of energy service companies.
The fund is expected to give a thrust to R & D and
demonstration in order to boost market penetration
of efficient equipment and appliances.
It would support the creation of facilities for testing
and development and to promote consumer
awareness.
Role of Central and State
Governments:
Central
to notify rules and regulations under various provisions of the
Act
provide initial financial assistance to BEE and EC fund
Coordinate with various State Governments for notification
enforcement, penalties and adjudication.
State
to amend energy conservation building codes to suit the
regional and local climatic condition
to designate state level agency to coordinate, regulate and
enforce provisions of the Act
constitute a State Energy Conservation Fund for promotion of
energy efficiency.
Enforcement through Self-Regulation:
Designated Consumers to get certification of energy
consumption norms and standards of production
process by the Accredited Energy Auditors.
For energy performance and standards,
manufacturer's declared values would be checked in
Accredited Laboratories by drawing sample from
market.
Any manufacturer or consumer or consumer
association can challenge the values of the other
manufacturer and bring to the notice of BEE. BEE can
recognize for challenge testing in disputed cases as a
measure for self-regulation.
Penalties and Adjudication
Penalty for each offence under the Act would be in
monetary terms i.e. Rs.10,000 for each offence and
Rs.1,000 for each day for continued non Compliance.
The initial phase of 5 years would be promotional and
creating infrastructure for implementation of Act. No
penalties would be effective during this phase.
The power to adjudicate has been vested with state
Electricity Regulatory Commission which shall appoint
any one of its member to be an adjudicating officer for
holding an enquiry in connection with the penalty
imposed.
Energy Consumption: Global v/s India
Energy Consumption- Global
Commercia
(End-use sectors)l,
Transportat
ion,
30179000,
20%
18166000,
12%
Energy Consumption- India
(End-use sectors)
Agriculture
Transporta
, 153116,
tion,
17%
15431, 2%
Industrial,
77938000,
51%
Residential,
26956000,
17%
Source: International Energy Agency. Statistics Database; 2012
Other non
specified,
Residential
, 190870,
22%
Commerci
al, 76034,
9%
Industrial,
383477,
44%
Energy efficiency can prove to be a important tool to save energy and
also reduce carbon footprints
Energy Efficiency
India: Timeline
A pound invested in energy
efficiency buys seven times
more energy solution than a
pound invested in nuclear
power.
-Zac Goldsmith
Building Life cycle
Assignment 1
Assignment 2
Presentation
