SPE Aberdeen Simplified
Series 2014
Demystifying Petroleum Engineering
Sponsored by Shell UK Limited
Ross Lowdon
June 4th 2014
SPE Aberdeen Simplified
Series 2014
Demystifying Petroleum Engineering
WELLBORE
SURVEY
SIMPLIFIED
Kindly Sponsored by
Shell UK Limited
Ross Lowdon
June 4th 2014
Agenda
Defining a survey
History of Wellbore surveying
Why do surveys matter?
Survey errors
Future of surveying
3
What is a Survey?
SURFACE LOCATION
start point
J-67
P-76
M-66
K-57
I-67
G-67
A-67
C-67
MD = length
Of wellbore
Along path
E-57
D-57
O-66
P-66
K-66
DEPTH
measured from a datum
P-56
J-66
D-66
Existing well
Currently drilling
Surface well location
Wellbore trajectories
Wellbore
TVD =
Vertical depth
Independent
Of path
INCLINATION
from vertical
AZIMUTH
aligned to a North ref
History of Wellbore surveying
Texas 1890s
Next door stealing oil
Prove it
Jam Jar acid level
History of Wellbore surveying
1930 Photo Magnetic single shot
1930 Photo Gyroscopic survey
1980 Measurement While Drilling
1999 Gyro While Drilling
Survey Technologies
Magnetic
Robust and RT 5 second surveys
Poor reference
Affected by offset casing
Gyroscopic
Excellent Reference
Sensitive RT 2-7mins
Not affected by offset casing
Why Does a Wellbore Survey Matter
Avoiding wells collisions
Avoiding well control issues
Relief wells
Ensure you hit the your targets
LWD to reservoir model tie in
Reserves estimates
Legal requirements
The Value of Good Surveying Practice
Shorter gyro run
$15K
Saved casing survey
$125K
Production shut in
$700K
Target sidetrack
$23M
Dry well
$25M
Major collision blowout
$$$??
Avoiding other Wells
Well avoidance
Complex and contradictory data
Managing the survey data
Poor data quality/missing data
Survey Management
Ensuring data accuracy
Ensuring reserves estimates
Ensuring HSE
10
Lateral MWD Survey Errors
Main = Bm
11
Crustal = Bc
Disturbance = Bd
DS interference = Bds
Improving Definition
BGGM 54 degree
HDGM 720 degree
MagVar 5,400 degree
12
Capturing the Crustal Field
Aeromag or Marine
Aeromag schematic
13
3D mag cube
Optimising Lateral Survey Accuracy
Local
magnetic map
14
Multi-station
correction
Advanced
survey QC
TVD Survey Errors
BHA misalignment
Mechanical and temperature pipe stretch
Survey frequency
Measurement error
15
BHA Mis-alignment
MWD sensor aligned with wellbore axis
Measured
Actual
Tilted MWD sensor from wellbore axis
What effect does it have?
<0.1 to 1.0 in inclination
0 ft to 100+ ft of TVD
Stabilizer wear?
16
Mechanical and Temperature Stretch
Steel expands with temperature and stress
Pipe stretch
VerticalTVD error
HorizontalMD error
1.3 m/1,000 m/100 degCthermal
Mechanical 1 m/1,000 mforce
Can be corrected
17
Survey Frequency
What is happening between
90 ft surveys?
Well placement issues
Reservoir modeling
Geo-steering
Log interpretation
Well engineering issues
Running casing
Completion flow modeling
ESP flow modeling
18
Sensor Errors
Inclination measurements 0.1
19
Industry standard
Gyro tools same specification
Calibrated
Capable of higher accuracy
TVD Optimisationis the Accuracy Real?
Case Study
Use RSS + MWD D&I
EMS used to confirm MWD
LWD proved TVD
Captured stabilizer wear
Saved appraisal well
12 m TVD error at 12,5 km
1750
Pre - Production Pressures
(2 sigma +/- 6.2m)
pilot 2 pressures
well 2 pressures
well 3 pressures
well 4 pressures
1760
well 5 pressures
(+/- 6.2m)
well 6 pressures
well 7 pressures
1770
1780
1790
2,560
20
well 1 pressures
TVD (m)
2m / division
Pressure
(2 psi/division)
2,570
2,580
2,590
2,600
2,610
Future of Surveying
Combined magnetic and gyro tools
Real time inertial surveying
Hole curvature measurements
Autonomous drilling machines
21
Questions?
22
NEXT SIMPLIFIED SERIES
PRESENTATION
SPE Simplified Series
Sponsored by Shell UK Limited
Simplified Series is held every first Wednesday
of each calendar Month
Next Venue Wednesday July 2, 2014
Station Hotel Aberdeen (The Ballroom)
Russel Morrice North Sea Drilling Engineering
Manager BP
Drilling Engineering Simplified
SPE Aberdeen
Simplified
Series 2014
Demystifying Petroleum Engineering
Organised by SPE Aberdeen Young Professionals
Contact us: george.grangeon@reefsubsea.com
or ross.taylor@maerskoil.com
SPE Simplified Series
Sponsored by Shell UK Limited
