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Chapter 4-Force System Resultants: V Pqsin

1) The document discusses force system resultants and moments. It defines the cross product of vectors, provides examples of cross products, and discusses how to calculate moments of forces using the cross product and lever arm. 2) Methods for determining the resultant moment of a system of forces using the cross product and summation are presented. Examples of calculating moments of single forces and force systems are worked out. 3) The key concepts covered are the definition of moment as a measure of tendency to cause rotation, the relationship between moment and cross product of force and lever arm vectors, and using the cross product and lever arm to calculate scalar moments and vector moments.

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Jishi Rahiman Mohammed
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69 views7 pages

Chapter 4-Force System Resultants: V Pqsin

1) The document discusses force system resultants and moments. It defines the cross product of vectors, provides examples of cross products, and discusses how to calculate moments of forces using the cross product and lever arm. 2) Methods for determining the resultant moment of a system of forces using the cross product and summation are presented. Examples of calculating moments of single forces and force systems are worked out. 3) The key concepts covered are the definition of moment as a measure of tendency to cause rotation, the relationship between moment and cross product of force and lever arm vectors, and using the cross product and lever arm to calculate scalar moments and vector moments.

Uploaded by

Jishi Rahiman Mohammed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4-Force System Resultants

In Chap. 2 we showed that F 0 was the only condition for the equilibrium of a
particle. Now, what about a rigid body?
F

F 0 ,

but not in equilibrium. The body rotates. So F 0 is a necessary condition,


but not sufficient. There is a Torque or Moment on the body. This is what will be
discussed in this chapter.
4.1 Cross Product (Vector Product)

The cross product of 2 vectors P and


satisfies:

is defined as the vector V which

1). The line of action ofV is perpendicular to the plane containing P and
2). The magnitude of V is given by:
V = Pqsin ( 0 180 )

3).The direction of V follows


the
right-hand rule.

V PQ

V P Q read

as "V equals P cross Q"

Laws of Operation
Communicative
law

PQ Q P

( note : P Q Q P )

Multiplication
by a Scalar

a ( A B ( aA B A ( aB ) ( A B ) a

Lecture08.doc

Distributive
law



P (Q1 Q2 ) P Q1 P Q2

Associative
Law

( P Q ) S P (Q S )

Cartesian Vector Formulation


What is i j ?
j
i

k
Magnitude: i j = (1)(1)sin90 = 1
Direction: +k
i i 0
i j k

j i k
j j 0

k i j
k j i

i k j

j k i

k k 0

Here is a simple way of remembering this.

j
k
i
+

Now we will express V of

V PQ

in the terms of rectangular components


V P Q ( Px i Py j Pz k) (Q x i Q y j Q z k)

Using the distributive and scalar mult. properties.


V Px Q x (i i) Px Q y (i k ) Py Q x ( j i) Py Q y ( j j )
Py Q z ( j k ) Pz Q x ( k i) Pz Q y ( k j ) Pz Q z ( k k )

V 0 Px Q y (k) Px Q z ( j ) Py Q x ( k) 0 Py Q z (i) Pz Q z (i) Pz Q y ( i) 0

Lecture08.doc


V ( Py Q z Pz Q y )i ( Pz Q x Px Q z ) j ( Py Q y Py Q x ) k

Vy

Vx

Vz

The vector product can be more easily memorized.


i

V Px
Qx

k
Pz
Qz

j
Py
Qy

Does everyone remember how to do determinants?

i th Term PY QZ Q y PZ PY QZ PZ QY
j th Term ( PX QZ Q X PZ ) PZ Q X PX Q

Same as V X VY VZ

PX QY Q X PY PX QY PY Q X

k th Term

4.2 Moment of a force-scalar formulation


Def.: Moment- The measure of the tendency of the force to make a rigid body
rotate about a point or fixed axis.
F
M

A
O

A- Point of application of F

Def: The Moment


of F
about O is defined as:


M0 R F

The direction of M o is also defined as the direction which would bring R in line with

F right hand rule.

Note: R is a vector from O to any point on the line of action of F .


From the definition of a cross product

Lecture08.doc

M 0 rF sin
M 0 Fr sin

From our diagram , r sin=d, so


M 0 Fd

Units: Nm, ft lbs, in lbs

Where d represents the perpendicular from O to the line of action of F . d is commonly


known as the moment arm.
4.3 Moment of a force- vector formulation

Remember: M 0 R F
We also know:

R R x i R y

F Fx i Fy

j R z k
j Fz k

Thus,
i

M 0 rx
Fx

j
ry
Fy

k
rz
Fz

Again, use vectors in 3D!!


Resultant moment of a system of forces


M R 0 ( R F )

Lecture08.doc

1). Given
A
24"

100lb
60o

0
Find: a). Moment of the 100 lb force about 0.
b). Magnitude of a horizontal force applied at a which create the same moment
about 0.
c). The smallest force applied at a which creates the same moment about 0.
d). Distance from 0 a 250lb vertical force must act to create the same moment
about 0.
A
a).

24"

100

M 0 Fd 100( 24 cos 60 )
M 0 1200 inlbs

60

0 -----------M

P
60
30

b).
L

24

60
0

M 0 Fd

2 Ways
1) Components
M 0 Pperp d 1200 P cos 30 ( 24)

P=57.7 lbs
2) Perpendicular line to force
M 0 Pl 1200 P ( 24 cos 30 )

P=57.7lbs

Lecture08.doc

A
c).

P
M

24
60

0
M 0 Fd
1200 P (24)
P 50 lbs

Why is P perpendicular to the lever?


-P is smallest when d in M=Fd is a maximum. This
occurs
when P is perpendicular to the lever.
-If P is not perpendicular to the lever, we have
components parallel and perpendicular to the lever,
thus the parallel component is "robbing" the
perpendicular component of some force which
could contribute to creating the moment.

A
d).

M 0 Fd

B
240
M

60

1200 240( d cos 60 )


d 10in

Lecture08.doc

2). Given: The rectangular platform is hinged at A and B and supported by a cable which
passes over A frictionless hook at E. The tension in the cable is 1349N.
y

0.9 m
2.3 m
E

1.5 m

A
B
C

x
2.25 m

z
D

Find: The moment about each of the coordinate axes of the force exerted by the cable at
C.
3-D use:

rOC 0i 0 j 2.25k

M C rOC FC

(0.9 0)i (1.5 0) j (0 2.25)k

FC FC u CE 1349

2
2
2
0
.
9

1
.
5

2
.
25

2.25

426

710

1065

MC

FC 426i 710 j 1065k

0 0 2.25( 1) ( 2 3) [710i 426 j ]

M C 1598i 959 j 0k Nm

M x 1598 Nm
M y 959 Nm
M z 0 Nm

Note: M C rOE FC could have been used also.


i

M C 0.9
426

j
1.5
710

0
0.9( 1) 2 1 [ 1065
j 710 k ] 1.5( 1) 2 2 [ 1065i 426 k ]
1065

959
j

1598i

Lecture08.doc

639 k

1598i

0k

639 k

959
j

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