PRESENT AND PRESENT CONTINIOUS TENSE
'I surf / I am surfing.'
What's the difference between the Present Simple / Present Continuous and
how to use them.
We use the present simple tense when we want to talk about fixed habits or
routines things that dont change.
We use the present continuous to talk about actions which are happening at
the present moment, but will soon finish.
Compare these two statements:
(present simple) I play tennis.
(present continuous/ progressive) I am playing tennis.
(present simple) I play tennis tells us that playing tennis is something the
speaker always does. It is part of a routine or habit. We can call this a
permanent situation.
(present continuous/ progressive) I am playing tennis tells us that the
speaker is playing tennis right now. Soon the game will be over. We call this
a temporary situation.
With the present simple we say:
I play tennis
You play tennis
We play tennis
They play tennis
He/she/ it plays tennis.
With the present continuous we say:
I am playing tennis
You are playing tennis
We are playing tennis
He/she/it is playing tennis
Frequency Adverbs we use with the Present Simple
With the present simple we use these frequency adverbs:
(Notice that the adverb comes before the main verb in the sentence.)
Always: I always read before I go to bed.
Often: Her sister often comes shopping with us.
Frequently:Michael frequently visits his family.
Sometimes:You sometimes go to the gym, dont you?
Occasionally:It occasionally rains in summer.
Seldom:They seldom ask for help.
Rarely: He rarely goes out without his backpack.
Hardly ever:I hardly ever eat pizza.
Never: Japanese people never wear shoes inside.
Time Expressions we use with the Present Continuous
With the present continuous we use these time expressions:
(Notice that the time expression can come at the start or at the end of the
sentence.)
At the moment: Im watching TV, at the moment.
These days: Pauls living in Cardiff, these days.
Now: What are you doing, now?
Nowadays: I think you are smoking too much, nowadays.
Complete these sentences below using either the present simple or
present continuous.
GRADING AND MARKS
How grades are better than marks:
Grades create a certain slab under which a student can be categorised.
Impartiality and equality are maintained among students who fall under
same category.
Teachers can justify their marking in grading system. In case of marks,
teachers cannot expalin the difference between 80% and 81% because it
is influenced by the teacher's perception especially in cse of theoretical
subjects.
As far as I know, the marking system involves simply checking to see if a
student did an assignment correctly or not. And the grading system
involves judging how well a student did an assignment for example. I
think the latter is more important in terms of helping a student towards a
goal other than simply passing
the grading system is a good standard to hold in education, it gives you a
better picture of some ones overall ability and comprehension in a subject
area, I believe that the grading system is preferred universally among the
majority of school districts and universities and has held the test of time.
Awarding of grades has number of advantages over awarding of numerical
marks. It considerably reduces inter and intra examiner variability in marking. It
also takes care of imperfection of tools used for assessment. Statistical research
in assessment techniques indicates that there is a possibility of variation of
scores awarded to individuals to the extent of 5% to 15%. Putting students of
similar potential in same ability bands (grades) automatically takes care of all
these abbreviations in assessment techniques. Lastly, it will reduce undesired
and unsound comparison of small difference of marks
SALUTATIONS
A salutation is a greeting used in a letter or other written or non-written
communication. Salutations can be formal or informal. The most common form
of salutation in a letter is Dear followed by the recipient's given name or title.
For each style of salutation there is an accompanying style of complementary
close, known as valediction. Examples of non-written salutations are bowing
(common in Japan) or even addressing somebody by their name. A salutation
can be interpreted as a form of a signal in which the receiver of the salutation is
being acknowledged, respected or thanked. Another simple but very common
example of a salutation is a military salute. By saluting another rank, that person
is signalling or showing his or her acknowledgment of the importance or
significance of that person and his or her rank. Some greetings are considered
"rude" and others "polite."
The salutation "Dear" in combination with a name or a title is by far the most
commonly used salutation in both British and US English, in both formal and
informal correspondence[citation needed]. It is commonly followed by either by an
honorific and a surname, such as "Dear Mr. Smith," or by a given name, such as
"Dear John,"[citation needed]. (A Dear John letter has a specific connotation.)
However, it is not common in English to use both a title of address and a
person's given name: "Dear Mr. John Smith" would not be correct form.[citation
needed]
Sometimes, the salutation "To" is used for informal correspondence, for
example "To Peter"[citation needed].
A comma follows the salutation and name[citation needed], while a colon is used in
place of a comma only in US business correspondence[citation needed]. This rule
applies regardless of the level of formality of the correspondence[citation needed].
If the name of the intended recipient is unknown, acceptable salutations are:
Dear Sir or Madam or 'Sir/Madam' (If the gender of the reader is
unknown).
To Whom It May Concern (If the writer wishes to exclude the gender of
the reader from the salutation and/or to convey that the reader should
forward the copy to one more suited to receive or respond appropriately).
Dear Sir (If the reader is male).
Dear Madam (If the reader is female).
In older British usage and current US usage, abbreviations "Mr.", "Mrs.", "Dr."
are typically followed by a period (full stop), as is "Ms." even though it is not
really an abbreviation, but it is common in recent British usage to drop the
period after all such titles. Professional titles such as "Professor" are frequently
used both in business and in social correspondence. Dignitaries and holders of
certain public office like "Mr. President," or "Dear Madam Secretary."
"Ms." is the marital-status neutral salutation for an adult woman and should
always be applied in cases in which the marital status is irrelevant and/or
unknown to the author. For example, if one is writing a business letter to a
woman, "Ms." is expected. "Mrs." denotes an adult female who is married, but
is applied only where the subject has self identified as such. "Miss" can apply to
specifically unmarried women, however the term is being replaced more and
more by 'Ms'.
"Miss" is the proper form of address for female children. "Master" is used in
formal situations for addressing boys typically aged under 16, after which it is
"Mr". "Master" in this case is of old English origin.
Messrs. or Messieurs is an historically used term to address many men rather
than "Mr Pink, Mr White, et al." Messrs is the abbreviation (pronounced
"messers") for messieurs and is used in English. Mesdames addresses many
women. Pronounced 'Meydammes'.
On occasion, one may use "Sir" and/or "Madam" by itself as the salutation, with
nothing preceding. The severe and old-fashioned formality of such a salutation
makes it appropriate for very formal correspondence (for example, addressing a
head of state, or a letter to the editor), but in the same way the formality and
stiffness of such a salutation would make its use in friendly social
correspondence inappropriate.
CORRUPTION IN EDUCATION SYSTEM
Indias education system is mired in corruption and a high rate of teacher
absenteeism in the country was a key factor for it according to the new global
study. The UNESCOs International Institute of Educational Planning study on
corruption in education released recently says that 25% teacher absenteeism in
India is among the highest in the world, second only after Uganda that has a
higher rate. The global average of teacher absenteeism is about 20%.
Teacher absenteeism does not just affect quality of education; it is also a huge
drain on resources resulting in the wastage of 22.5% of education funds in India
the study said. Politics in teacher appointments and transfers is a major reason
for teacher absenteeism according to a professor at National University for
Education Planning and Administration. The study identifies the absence of well
established criteria for teacher recruitment a uniform policy on promotion,
remuneration and deployment as some of the main reasons identified for teacher
absenteeism. However the report found married teachers to be more regular at
job than unmarried teachers.
In Bihar two of every five teachers were reported absent the figure in UP was
reported to be one-third of the total teachers. However in states like Gujarat and
Kerala the figure was lower than 15% the report based on several small studies.
Teachers also believe highly in private tutoring a practice identified by
UNESCO as unethical. It does not complement learning at school and leads to
corruption the report said. The practice of ghost teachers and involvement of
teachers in mismanagement of schools were other gray areas identified in the
Indian education system. Another indictment of the sorry state of Indian
education was the view held by students that cheating in examinations is their
traditional right. In India universities cheating is now well-established
