PR1 ]

[ Probability : Maximize Your Potential

Probability : Maximize Your Potential

81. A box contains 10 mangoes out of which 4 are
rotten. 2 mangoes are taken out together. If one
of them is found to be good, the probability that
the other is also good is
1
8
5
2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
3
15
18
3
82. If P (A) = 0.3, P (B) = 0.4, P (C) = 0.8, P (AB) =
0.08, P (AC) = 0.28, P (ABC) = 0.09, P (A + B + C)
> 0.75 and P (BC) = x, then
(a) 0.23 < x < 0.48
(b) 0.32 < x < 0.84
(c) 0.25 < x < 0.73
(d) None of these
83. Odds 8 to 5 against a person who is 40 years old
living till he is 70 and 4 to 3 against another
person now 50 till he will be living 80.
Probability that one of them will be alive next
30 years.
59
44
51
32
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
91
91
91
91
84. The probability of India winning a test match
1
. Assuming
against West Indies is
2
independence from match to match, the
probability that in a 5 match series Indias
second win occurs at the third test, is
2
1
1
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
3
2
4
8
85. A card is drawn at random from a pack of 100
cards numbered 1 to 100. The probability of
drawing a number which is a square is
1
2
1
(b)
(c)
(d) None
5
5
10
86. Seven chits are numbered 1 to 7. Three are
drawn one by one with replacements. The
probability that the least number on any
selected chit is 5, is

(a)

(a) 1

FG 2 IJ
H 7K

(b) 4

FG 2 IJ
H 7K

(c)

FG 3IJ
H 7K

(d) None

87. A man alternately tosses a coin and throws a

dice beginning with the coin. The probability
that he gets a head in the coin before he gets a
5 or 6 in the dice is
3
1
1
(b)
(c)
(d) None
4
2
3
88. In order to get at least once a head with
probability > 0.9 the number of times a coin
needs to be tossed is
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) None
89. Three groups A, B, C are competing for positions
on the Board of Directors of a company. The

(a)

90.

91.

92.

93.

94.

95.

probabilities of their winning are 0.5, 0.3, 0.2

respectively. If the group A wins, the probability
of introducing a new product is 0.7 and the
corresponding probabilities for group B and C
are 0.6 and 0.5 respectively. The probability
that the new product will be introduced, is
(a) 0.18
(b) 0.35
(c) 0.10
(d) 0.63
Three groups of children contain respectively
3 girls and 1 boy, 2 girls and 2 boys, one girl
and 3 boys. One child is selected at random
from each group. The chance that three selected
consisting of 1 girl and 2 boys is
9
3
13
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) None
32
32
32
Out of 21 tickets marked with numbers from 1
to 21, three are drawn at random. The chance
that the numbers on them are in A.P., is
10
9
9
(b)
(c)
(d) None
(a)
133
133
1330
A box contains 3 white and 2 red balls. A ball is
drawn and another ball is drawn without
replacing first ball, then the probability of
second ball to be red is
8
2
3
21
(b)
(c)
(d)
(a)
25
5
5
25
A bag contains 3 white and 5 black balls. If one
ball is drawn, then the probability that it is
black, is
3
5
6
10
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
8
8
8
20
The probability of obtaining sum 8 in a single
throw of two dice
1
5
4
6
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
36
36
36
36
For any event A
(a) P (A) + P ( A ) = 0

(b) P (A) + P ( A ) = 1

(c) P (A) > 1

(d) P ( A ) < 1

96. One card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. The

probability that it is a king or diamond is
1
3
4
3
(b)
(c)
(d)
26
26
13
13
97. If two events A and B are such that P (Ac) = 0.3,
P (B) = 0.4 and P (ABc) = 0.5, then P [B / (A Bc)]
is equal to
1
1
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) None
2
3
4
98. The chances of throwing a total of 3 or 5 or 11
with two dice is

(a)

Probability : Maximize Your Potential ]

5
1
2
19
(b)
(c)
(d)
36
9
9
36
99. A six faced dice is so biased that it is twice as
likely to show an even number as an odd
number when thrown. It is thrown twice. The
probability that the sum of two numbers thrown
is even, is
1
1
1
2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
12
6
3
3
100. If four persons are chosen at random from a
group of 3 men, 2 women and 4 children then
the probability that exactly 2 of them are
children, is
2
9
10
11
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
9
21
21
21

(a)

101. If P (A) = 0.85, P (B) = 0.15, then P ( A ) + P ( B ) =

(a) 0.5
(b) 1
(c) 0.8
(d) None
102. A bag contains 3 red, 4 white and 5 blue balls.
All balls are different. Two balls are drawn at
random. The probability that they are of
different colour is
47
10
5
(b)
(c)
(d) None
66
33
22
103. Three mangoes and three apples are in a box.
If two fruits are chosen at random, the
probability that one is a mango and the other
is an apple is
2
3
1
(b)
(c)
(d) None
(a)
3
5
3
104. A lot consists of 12 good pencils, 6 with minor
defects and 2 with major defects. A pencil is
chosen at random. The probability that this
pencil is not defective is
3
3
4
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
5
10
5
2
105. If x denotes the number of sixes in four
consecutive throws of a dice, then P (x = 4) is
1
4
1295
(b)
(c) 1
(d)
(a)
1296
6
1296
106. A coin is tossed successively three times. The
probability of getting exactly one head or 2
heads, is
1
1
3
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) None
4
2
4
107. If there are n independent trials, p and q the
probabilities of success and failure respectively,
then probability of exactly r successes
(a) qn
(b) nCr qn pr
(c) nCr qnr pr
(d) nCr pnr qr
108. Let E and F be two independent events. The
1
probability that both E and F happens is
12

(a)

[ PR-2
and the probability that neither E nor F
1
happens is , then
2
(a) P (E) =

1
1
, P (F) =
3
4

(b) P (E) =

1
1
, P (F) =
2
6

1
1
, P (F) =
(d) None of these
6
2
109. Three of the six vertices of a regular hexagon
are chosen at random. The probability that the
triangle with these three vertices is equilateral,
is equal to
1
1
1
1
(b)
(d)
(d)
(a)
2
5
10
20
110. An unbiased coin is tossed. If the result is a
head, a pair of unbiased dice is rolled and the
number obtained by adding the numbers on the
two faces is noted. If the result is a tail, a card
from a well shuffled pack of eleven cards
numbered 2, 3, 4, ........., 12 is picked and the
number on the card is noted. The probability
that the noted number is either 7 or 8 is
(a) 0.24
(b) 0.244
(c) 0.024
(d) None
111. A determinant is chosen at random. The set of
all determinants of order 2 with elements 0 or
1 only. The probability that value of the
determinant chosen is positive, is

(c) P (E) =

3
3
1
(b)
(c)
(d) None
16
8
4
112. A bag x contains 3 white balls and 2 black balls
and another bag y contains 2 white balls and 4
black balls. A bag and a ball out of it are picked
at random. The probability that the ball is
white, is
3
7
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) None
5
15
2
113. A bag contains 3 white, 3 black and 2 red balls.
One by one three balls are drawn without
replacing them. The probability that the third
ball is red, is
1
1
2
1
(b)
(c)
(d)
(a)
2
3
3
4
114. A draws two cards with replacement from a
pack of 52 cards and B throws a pair of dice.
What is the chance that A gets both cards of
same suit and B gets total of 6 ?

(a)

1
1
5
7
(b)
(c)
(d)
144
4
144
144
115. A coin is tossed three times in succession. If E
is the event that there are at least two heads
and F is the event in which first throw is a head,
E
then p
=
F

(a)

FG IJ
H K

PR3 ]

[ Probability : Maximize Your Potential

3
3
1
1
(b)
(c)
(d)
4
8
2
8
116. In a box there are 2 red, 3 black and 4 white
balls. Out of these three balls are drawn
together. The probability of these being of same
colour is

(a)

1
1
5
(b)
(c)
(d) None
84
21
84
117. In tossing 10 coins, the probability of getting
exactly 5 heads is
9
63
1
193
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
128
256
2
256
118. A box contains 15 tickets numbered 1, 2 ........
15. Seven tickets are drawn at random one after
the other with replacement. The probability
that the greatest number on a drawn ticket is
9, is

(a)

15
18

(b)

5
8

(c)

15
8

(d)

5
18

125. Four teams play a game. Their probabilities of

1 1 1 1
, , ,
respectively.
8 7 9 10
Find the probability, that no team may win.

winning the game are

(a)

F 9I
(a) G J
H 10 K

F 8I
(b) G J
H 15 K

F 3I
(c) G J
H 5K

(a)

1313
2025

(b)

1133
2025

(c)

1133
2520

(d)

1313
2520

126. A bag contains 10 Red and 6 Green balls and

four successive draws are made without
replacement. Find the probability that they are
alternatively of same colour.

(d) None

119. If P (A) = 0.4, P (B) = x, P (A B) = 0.7 and the

events A and B are mutually exclusive, then x =
3
1
2
1
(b)
(c)
(d)
10
2
5
5
120. If out of 20 consecutive whole numbers two are
chosen at random, then the probability that
their sum is odd, is

(a)

5
10
9
(b)
(c)
(d) None
19
19
19
shuffled
121. A card is drawn at random from a well
pack of 52 cards. What is the probability of
getting a queen, a king or an ace of any suit ?
5
3
(b)
13
13
4
12
(c)
(d)
13
13
122. Lisas travel club has 1000 members. 60% of
these members are males. 45% of these members
pay by credit card when they travel including
175 females. If a member enters the travel club
at random, what is the probability that the
member is a female and pays cash ?
(a) 0.252
(b) 0.522
(c) 0.225
(d) 0.255
123. A bag contains 8 black and 5 white balls. Two
balls are taken out of the bag. Find the
probability of both the balls being white ?

(a)

(a)

5
39

(b)

10
39

(c)

39
10

(d)

39
5

124. A bag contains 50 bolts and 150 nuts. Half of

the bolts and half of the nuts are rusted. If one
item is taken out at random, what is the
probability that it is rusted or is a bolt ?

(b)

90
325

(c)

90
728

(d)

89
389

127. A box contains 8 black and 4 white balls. If 5

balls are drawn at random, find the probability
that 3 of them are black and 2 white.

(a)

(a)

90
305

(a)

12

(c)

C3

C2

(b)

C5

C8
12

12

C4

(d)

C5

C3

C2

C5

C3
12

C4

C5

128. From a pack of standard cards numbered from

1 to 20, a card is drawn at random. What is the
probability that the card drawn bears a number
which is a multiple of 4 or 7 ?
(a)

2
3

(b)

1
3

(c)

3
5

(d)

1
4

129. The probability that a student will pass in the

2
Economics test in
and that he will not pass
3
5
in the English test is . If the probability of his
9
4
passing in at least one of these two tests is ,
5
then find the probability that he will pass in
both the tests.
(a)

11
35

(b)

14
45

(c)

13
25

(d)

17
25

five
130. A box contains 2 fifty paise coins; 5 twenty
paise coins, and a certain number N ( > 2) of 10
and 5 paise coins. Five coins are taken out of
box at random. Find the probability that the
total value of 5 coins is less than one rupee fifty
paise.

Probability : Maximize Your Potential ]

(a) 1

4
N +7

C5

3
(c) 1 N + 4
C

(b) 1

[ PR-4

4
N+4

C5

3
(d) 1 N +7
C

131. Two numbers are selected randomly from the

set S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} without replacement one
by one. The probability that minimum of the
two numbers is less than 4 is
(a) 1/15
(b) 14/15
(c) 1/5
(d) 4/5
132. A five digit number is formed by writing the
digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, in a random order without
repetitions. Then the probability that the
number is divisible by 4 is
(a) 3/5
(b) 18/5
(c) 1/5
(d) 6/5
133. A coin is tossed n times. The probability of
getting head at least once is greater than 0.8,
then the least value of n is
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
134. The mean and variance of a random variable X
having a binomial distribution are 4 and 2
respectively, then P (X = 1) is

(a) 1/32
(b) 1/16
(c) 1/8
(d) 1/4
135. If a dice is thrown twice, the probability of
occurrence of 4 at least once is
(a) 11/36
(b) 7/12
(c) 35/36
(d) None of these
136. For two events A and B, if P (A) = P (A/B) = 1/4
and P (B/A) = 1/2, then
(a) A and B are independent
(b) P (A/B) = 3/4
(c) P (B/A) = 1/2
(d) All of these
137. The chance of throwing a total of 7 or 12 with 2
dice, is
(a) 2/9
(b) 5/9
(c) 5/36
(d) 7/36
138. The chance of getting a doublet with 2 dice is
(a) 2/3
(b) 1/6
(c) 5/6
(d) 5/36
139. If P (A) = 1/3, P (B) = 1/2 and P (A B) = 5/6 then
events A and B are
(a) Mutually exclusive
(b) Independent as well as mutually exhaustive
(c) Independent
(d) Dependent only on A

SOLUTIONS
Ans. 81. (c)
Number of ways of selecting two good
mangoes = 6C2 = 15.
The number of ways that at least one of the two selected
mangoes is to be good = 6C1 9C1 = 54
15
5
=
Required probability =
.
54 18
Ans. 82. (d) There will be no x because P (AB) can never
be less than P (ABC).
Ans. 83. (b) Probability [Person A will die in 30 years]
8
8
5
=
. P (A) =
.
P (A) =
8+5
13
13
4
3
Similarly P (B) =
P (B ) = .
7
7
There are two ways in which one person is alive after 30
years. A B B A and events are independent so required
probability = P ( A ) . P (B) + P (A) . P ( B )

Favourable numbers are 12, 22 ......... 102.

Therefore, favourable ways = 10.
10
1
Probability =
=
.
100
10

5 4 8 3 44
+
=
13 7 13 7 91
Ans. 84. (c)
The sample space is {LWW, WLW}.
P (LWW) + P (WLW)
= Probability that in 5 match series, it is Indias second
win = P (L) P (W) P (W) + P (W) P (L) P (W)

Probability =

1 1 2
1
+ =
=
8 8 8
4
Ans. 85. (c)
Total number of ways = 100 C 1 = 100,
=

3
7
Probability that in each of 3 draws, the chits bear 5 or 6
3
3
or 7 =
.
7
1
Ans. 87. (a) Probability of getting head =
and
2
2
1
probability of throwing 5 or 6 with a dice =
= . He
6
3
starts with a coin and alternately tosses the coin and
throws the dice and he will win if he gets a head before he
gets 5 or 6. Hence

Ans. 86. (c)

P (5 or 6 or 7) in one draw =

FG IJ
HK

LM
MN

FG IJ
H K

FG IJ FG IJ
H KH K

1
1 2 1
1 2 1 2
1
+
+..........
. . + . . .
2
2 3 2
2 3 2 3
2

FG IJ 2 +..........OP = 1 . 1 = 3
H K
PQ 2 1 (1 / 3) 4

1
1
1
1+ +
2
3
3

Ans. 88. (b)

n tosses = 1

Probability of getting at least one head in

FG 1IJ
H 2K

> 0.98

FG 1IJ
H 2K

n > 3. Hence least value of n = 4.

< 0.1 2n > 10

PR5 ]

[ Probability : Maximize Your Potential

Ans. 89. (d) Let E be the event that a new product is

introduced. Then P (A) = 0.5, P (B) = 0.3, P(C) = 0.2 and
P

FG E IJ = 0.7, P FG EIJ
H AK
H BK

= 0.6, P

FG EIJ = 0.5.
H CK

... A, B and C are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events.

E
E
E
+ P (B) . P
+ P (C) . P
P (E) = P (A) . P
A
B
C
= 0.5 0.7 + 0.3 0.6 + 0.2 0.5
= 0.35 + 0.18 + 0.10 = 0.63
Ans. 90. (c)
1 girl and 2 boys can be selected in any of
three mutually exclusive ways.
G B B, B G B, B B G

FG IJ
H K

FG IJ
H K

FG IJ
H K

3 2 3
9
1 2 3
3
=
, P2 = =
4 4 4 32
4 4 4 32
1 2 1
1
and P3 = =
.
4 4 4 32
9
3
1 13
+
+
=
Hence required probability =
32 32 32 32

P1 =

Ans. 91. (a)

Total number of ways = 21C3 = 1330.

If common difference of the A.P. is to be 1 then the possible

groups are 1, 2, 3; 2, 3, 4; ........ 19, 20, 21.
If the common difference is 2, then possible groups are 1,
3, 5; 2, 4, 6; .......... 17, 19, 21.
Proceeding in the same way if the common difference is
10 then the possible group is 1, 11, 21.
Thus if the common difference of the A.P. is to be > 11,
obviously there is no favourable case. Hence total number
of favourable cases are = 19 + 17 + 15 + ..... + 3 + 1 = 100.
100
10
=
.
1330 133
Ans. 92. (b) The second ball can be red in two different
ways (A) First is white and second red,

Hence required probability =

3
2
6
=
P (A) =
.

5
4 20
(B) First is red and second is also red,
2
1
2
P(B) =
=
.

5
4
20
Both are mutually exclusive events, hence required
6
2
8
2
probability is
+
=
= .
20
20
20
5
5
C1 5
=
Ans. 93. (b) Required probability = 8
C1 8

Ans. 94. (b)

Favourable ways are (2, 6), (3, 5), (4, 4),

5
(5, 3) and (6, 2). Hence required probability =
.
36
Ans. 95. (b)
16
4
Ans. 96. (c)
Required probability =
=
.
52
13
(Since diamond has 13 cards including a king and there
are another 3 kings).

P [ B ( A B c )]

P [ B / ( A B c )] =

Ans. 97. (c)

P( A B c )

P( A B )
P( A ) + P( B c ) P( A B c )
P( A ) P( A B c )

0.7 0.5 1
=
0.8
P( A ) + P( B ) P( A B )
4
Ans. 98. (c)
Total cases = 36.
Favourable cases = 2 + 4 + 2 = 8.
=

8
2
= .
36
9
Ans. 99. (d) As we know, the sum will be either even
or odd but even is more likely to occur than odd (given).
1
Therefore, the probability is greater than
which is given
2
in only one option i.e. (d).
Ans. 100. (c) Total number of ways in which exactly two
children may be chosen = 4C2 5C2 = 60.

The required probability =

Total number of exhaustive cases = 9C4 = 126.

4

C2 5 C2

10
60
=
.
21
126
C4
Ans. 101. (b) P ( A ) + P ( B ) = 0.15 + 0.85 = 1
Ans. 102. (a) We have the following pattern (A) red,

Hence required probability =

34
35
white, P (A) = 12
(B) red, blue, P (B) = 12
(C) blue,
C2
C2
45
white, P (C) = 12
. Since all these cases are exclusive,
C2
so the required probability
=

(12 + 15 + 20)
12

C2

( 47 2) 47
=
(12 11) 66

Ans. 103. (b) Required probability

C1
6

C1

C2

33 3
=
5
15
12

C1

3
C1 5
Ans. 105. (a) Probability of coming six in one throw is
1
. Hence required probability is given by
6
4
o
1
5
1
= 4C4
=
.
6
6
1296
Ans. 106. (c) Required probability
Ans. 104. (a) Required probability =

20

FG IJ FG IJ
H K H K

FG 1 IJ .FG 1 IJ
H 2K H 2K
1

C1

FG 1 IJ .FG 1 IJ
H 2K H 2K
2

C2

3
3
6
3
+
=
= .
8
8
8
4

Ans. 107. (c)

Ans. 108. (a) We are given P (E F) =
and P ( E F) =

1
1
P (E) . P (F) =
2
12

1
12

............... (i)

Probability : Maximize Your Potential ]

1
.......... (ii)
2
1
{1 P(E)} {1 P(F)} =
2

and P (E) . P (F) =

So P (A) =

1 + P (E) P (F) P (E) P (F) =

1
2

1
1
[P (E) + P (F)] =
1+
12
2
7
............... (iii).
P (E) + P (F) =
12
On solving (i) and (iii),
1 1
1 1
,
P (F) = ,
.
3 4
4 3
Ans. 109. (c) Total number of triangles which can be
654
6
formed is equal to C3 =
= 20.
1 23
Number of equilateral triangles = 2

We get P (E) =

2
1
=
.
20
10
Ans. 110. (b) Required probability = Probability that
either the number is 7 or the number is 8.
i.e. Probability = P7 + P8

Required probability =

Now P7 =

FG
H

1 1 1 6 1 1 1
=
+
. + .
2 11 2 36 2 11 6

FG
H

1 1 1 5 1 1
5
=
+
P8 = . + .
2 11 2 36 2 11 36

FG
H

IJ
K

IJ
K

IJ
K

1 2 11
+
= 0.244.
2 11 36
Ans. 111. (a) n = total number of ways = 24 = 16.
m = favourable number of ways = 3.
Since the value of determinant is positive when it is

P =

1 0 1 0 1 1
3
,
,
. Hence required probability =
.
0 1 1 1 0 1
16
Ans. 112. (b) Required probability

FG
H

[ PR-6

IJ
K

1 3 2
9+5 7
=
+
=
=
2 5 6
30
15

Ans. 113. (d) Let R stand for drawing red ball, B for
drawing black ball and W for drawing white ball.
Then required probability = P (WWR) + P (BBR) + P (WBR)
+ P (BWR) + P (WRR) + P (BRR) + P (RWR) + P (RBR).
=

3.2.2 3.2.2 3.3.2 3.3.2 3.21

.
3.21
.
2.31
.
2.31
.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
8.7.6 8.7.6 8.7.6 8.7.6 8.7.6 8.7.6 8.7.6 8.7.6

2
2
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
=
56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 4

Ans. 114. (c) The probability of drawing two cards of

13
13
same suit =
and it can be of any suit out of 4.

52
52

4 13 13
1
5
=
and P (B) =
52 52
4
36

Thus P ( A B ) = P (A) . P (B) =

1
5
5
=
.

4
144
36

Ans. 115. (a)

S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}
n (E) = 4, n (F) = 4 and n (E F) = 3.
P

FG EIJ = P( E F) = 3 / 8 = 3
H F K P( F) 4 / 8 4

Ans. 116. (c) Total number of ways in which 3 balls can

be drawn are 9C3 = 84. Since the drawn balls cant be of
red colour, as these are 2 in numbers. Therefore favourable
number of ways = 3C3 + 4C3.
5
Hence the required probability =
.
84
Ans. 117. (b) Required probability

FG 1 IJ . FG 1 IJ
H 2K H 2K
5

63
.
256
Ans. 118. (c) On trial, n = 15 since any of the 15 numbers
can be on the selected coin and m = 9 since the largest
number is 9 and so it can be 1 or 2 or 3 ........ or 9.

10C
5

F 9 I F 3I
We have required probability = G J = G J
H 15 K H 5K
Ans. 119. (a) Since events are mutually exclusive,
therefore P (AB) = 0 i.e. P b A Bg = P (A) + P (B)
7

3
.
10
Ans. 120. (b) The total number of ways in which 2
integers can be chosen from the given 20 integers 20C2.
The sum of the selected number is odd if exactly one of
them is even and one is odd.

0.7 = 0.4 + x x =

Favourable number of out comes = 10C1

10

C1

10

C1

10C
1

10
.
19
C2
Ans. 121. (b) There are total of 4 queens, 4 kings and 4
aces, making a total of 12 possibilities.
Hence the probability of drawing any one of these 12 cards

Required probability =

out of a total of 52 cards is

Ans. 122. (c)
information

20

12
3
or
.
52
13

First we will tabulate the given

Cash

Credit Card

Total

Male

325

275

600

Female

225

175

400

Total

550

450

1000

PR7 ]

[ Probability : Maximize Your Potential

This probability can be calculated by this formula

P [A B] = P [A] + P [B] P [AB]
where

725
550
400
=
+
P [ AB ]
1000 1000 1000

225
= 0.225
1000
Ans. 123. (a) There are 13 balls in the bag.
13 12
= 78
2 1

Ways of taking 2 balls out of 5 white balls

54
= 10
2 1
Number of favourable cases
Pr obability =
Total cases

= 5C2 =

Ans. 124. (b) Total items are 50 + 150 = 200.

Out of these half are rusted, so that rusted items are 100.
50
= 25.
2

Suppose A = rusted item, B = item is bolt

A and B are nonmutually exclusive
P (A or B) = P (A) + P (B) P (A and B)
=

100 50
25 125 5
+

=
=
200 200 200 200 8

5
The required probability =
8
Ans. 125. (d) We know that only one team will win and
others will be defeated, hence their events of winning are
mutually exclusive.
Hence by the theorem of total probability, the
probability of winning any one of the given four teams
=

1 1 1 1 315 + 360 + 280 + 252 1207

+ + +
=
=
.
8 7 9 10
2520
2520

1207 1313
=
2520 2520
Ans. 126. (c) It involves a problem of compound event
which again comprises of two mutually exclusive
compound events, say, A and B.
The compound event A consists of the following four
independent events A1, A2, A3 and A4 representing the
withdrawal of the balls in order of Red, Green, Red, Green
respectively.

The prob. of not winning any team = 1

where P( A 1 ) =

10 6
9
5
45

=
16 15 14 13 728
Again, the compound event B consists of the following four
independent events B1, B2, B3 and B4 representing the
withdrawal of the balls in order of Green, Red, Green, Red
respectively.
=

where P( B1 ) =
and P( B 4 ) =

10
6
9
, P( A 2 ) =
, P( A 3 ) =
16
15
14

6
10
5
, P( B 2 ) =
, P( B 3 ) =
16
15
14

9
13

Thus P (B) = P( B1 ) P( B 2 ) P( B3 ) P( B 4 )
=

10
5
=
=
78 39

Number of rusted bolts =

5
13

Thus P (A) = P( A 1 ) P( A 2 ) P( A 3 ) P( A 4 )

so that P [AB] =

Total ways of taking out 2 balls = 13C2 =

and P( A 4 ) =

6 10 5
9
45

=
16 15 14 13 728

Since the balls can be drawn in either of the above two

ways, i.e. A or B, the probability of the compound event is
given by
P (A B) = P (A) + P (B)
=

45
45
90
+
=
728 728 728

Ans. 127. (a) Total number of balls in the box

= 8 + 4 = 12
The number of balls drawn = 5
5 balls can be drawn from 12 balls in 12C5 ways.
3 black balls can be drawn from 8 black balls in 8C3 ways,
and 2 white balls can be drawn from 4 white balls in 4C2
ways.
Thus, the number of favourable ways = 8 C3 4C2
and the number of total ways = 12 C5
Hence, the required probability is given by

P=

C3
12

C2

C5

Ans. 128. (d) The probability of the number being a

multiple of 4 within 20 is given by
P (4, 8, 12, 16, 20) =

5
1
= .
20 4

Ans. 129. (b) Suppose A represent the event of his

passing in Economics test and B the event of his passing
in English test.
According to the data given in the problem

Probability : Maximize Your Potential ]

[ PR-8

2
4
5
, P (B) =
[... P(B) = 1 P ( B ) = 1 ]
3
9
9
4
P (A B) = .
5
This being a case of compound event which is partly
exclusive, the probability of either of the events taking
place is given by
P (A B) = P (A) + P (B) P (A B)

P (A) =

4 2 4
or = +
P (A B)
5 3 9

or P (A B) =

Ans. 134. (a)

1
5

2n = 5.

UV
W
FG 1 IJ FG 1 IJ
H 2K H 2K

np = 4
1
1
q = , p= , n=8
npq = 2
2
2

p (X = 1) = 8C1

14
.
and English is
45

Ans. 130. (a) Total number of ways of drawing 5 coins out

of total N + 7 coins = N+7C5.
Total value of five coins may be either less than one rupee
and fifty paise, or > one rupee and fifty paise.
Total value of five coins may be > one rupee and fifty paise
in the following three ways :
(i) 2 fifty paise coins and 3 twentyfive paise coins.
(ii) 2 fifty paise coins and 2 twentyfive paise coins and 1
ten paise coin.
(iii) 2 fifty paise coins, 2 twentyfive paise coins and 1
five paise coin.
Again the total value will be equal to one rupee and
fifty paise in one way only, namely, 1 fifty paisa coin and 4
twenty paise coins.
The probability that the total value of the coins > one

4
N +7

C5

Ans. 131. (d) Total ways 2! = 6C2 = 30

Favourable cases = 30 6 = 24.
Required probability = 24/30 = 4/5.
Ans. 132. (c) The number is divisible by 4 if last two digits
are 12, 24, 32 and 52. Remaining three places can be filled
by 3! ways.
Favourable cases = 3! 4.
3! 4 1
=
5!
5

Ans. 133. (b) Let X be the number of heads getting.

X follows binomial distribution with parameters n,
p = 1/2. Given that P (X > 1) > 0.8.

1 P (X = 0) > 0.8 P (X = 0) < 0.2

The least value of n is 3.

The probability of a student passing in both Economics

Required probability =

(1/2)n < 0.2

=8.

1
8

1
5

1
.
32

2
2
Ans. 135. (a) Probability of occurrence of 4 = 1/6
Probability of occurrence of 4 = 5/6
Required probability

2 4 4 30 + 20 36 14
+ =
=
3 9 5
45
45

rupee and fifty paise may be given as = 1

nC
0

C1

FG 1 IJ FG 5 IJ +
H 6K H 6K

Ans. 136. (d) P

P( B A ) =
P

FG 1 IJ FG 5 IJ
H 6K H 6K
2

C2

11
36

FG B IJ = 1 P( B A ) = 1
H A K 2 P( A ) 2

1
8

FG A IJ = 1 P( A B) = 1 P(B) = 1
H B K 4 P( B) 4
2

1
= P (A) . P (B)
8
Events A and B are independent.
P( A B ) =

FG A' IJ = P( A'B) = P( A' ) P( B) = 3

H B K P( B)
P( B )
4
F B' I P(B'A' ) = P( B' ) P( A' ) = 1
and PGH JK =
A'
P( A ' )
P( A ' )
2
Now, P

Ans. 137. (d) Total number of outcomes = 36,

For sum = 7, favourable outcomes are 6 i.e.
(6, 1); (5, 2); (4, 3); (3, 4); (2, 5); (1, 6)
For sum = 12, favourable outcome is only 1 i.e. (6, 6)
6
1
7
+
=
.
36 36 36
Ans. 138. (b) Total number of outcomes = 36
Favourable number of outcomes = 6
i.e. (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6),

Probability =

Required probability =
Ans. 139. (a)

6 1
=
36 6

P (A B) = P (A) + P (B) P (A B)

5 1 1
= + P( A B ) P( A B ) = 0
6 3 2

Events A and B are Mutually Exclusive.