History of basketball

Basketball was invented in Springfield, MA in 1891 by James Naismith.

When James first invented the game he used a soccer ball and a peach
basket as the hoop to create the sport.

In 1893, he replaced the peach basket with iron hoops and a hammock-style
basket. Eventually the net was made with a hole in it so you no longer had to
retrieve the ball.

DR. JAMES NAISMITH

The International Basketball Federation was formed in 1932 by eight founding
nations: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania
and Switzerland.

Object and Rules of the Game

Basketball is a game between two teams of five players where the object is to
score points through your teams hoop.
The team with the most points at the end of the game is the winner.

Each game is started with a jump ball.

SCORING: (2 point field goal-) a shot or lay-up made from anywhere during
play inside the 3 pt arc. A lay-up is the closest shot you can make.

(3 point-) a shot made from anywhere outside the 3 pt arc. (Free throw- )1
point is awarded to an unguarded shot taken from behind the free throw line
while the clock is stopped.

FACLILITIES AND EQUIPMENT USED FOR THE GAME BASKETBALL

The only essential equipment in basketball is the basketball and the court: a
flat, rectangular surface with baskets at opposite ends.

Basketball court

For the international games is (28.7 by 15.2 meters (approx. 92 by 49 ft.)

The National Basketball Association (NBA) is 94 by 50 feet (29 by 15 m). Most
courts are made of wood.
A steel basket with net and backboard hang over each end of the court. At
almost all levels of competition, the top of the rim is exactly 10 feet (3.05 m)
above the court and 4 feet (1.2 m) inside the baseline.
A backboard is a piece of basketball equipment. It is a raised vertical board
with a basket attached. It is made of a flat, rigid piece of material, often plexi
glass. It is usually rectangular as used in NBA, NCAA and international
basketball..
Size of a basketball backboard
Width: 6 feet (72 inches)
Height: 3.5 feet (42 inches)
Size of a basketball rim
The diameter of the rim is 18
Basketball net

No less than 400 mm. and no more 450 in length

Manufactured with 12 loops to attach it to the ring.

The ball

CIRCUMFERENCE between 75 and 78 cm. (29.5 and 30.25 inches)

WEIGHT 600 and 650 grams. (20 and 22 oz).
AIR PRESSURE around 8 lbs.
The ball is round and the outer casing should be either Leather, Rubber or
other suitable Synthetic materials

CLOTHING

Players each team should wear the same outfits which must not clash with
the opposing team and wear a numbered shirt and no two players in the
same team should wear the same number.
Players are numbered between 4 and 15.
Loose-fitting shorts for mobility, and sleeveless vests are the standard
attire.
Basketball shoes should be rubber-soled and with protected ankle supports,
although these are not necessary.
Most important of all, make sure your clothing is comfortable. It is important
to wear towelled socks; and it is not a bad idea to buy a pair of shoes a
little too big to enable you to wear two pairs of socks which will reduce the
risk of blistering.

Game clock
This is a clock that runs whenever the ball is in play, and stops whenever
the ball goes out of bounds or when a fool is committed.
Goal Tending .

 Game Clock Operation Last Minutes of Play/Field Goal. The clock stops
after a successful field goal.
Shows how much time remains in the game.
Give-and-go: A fundamental offensive play in which a player passes to a
teammate, then cuts to the basket and receive a quasi-immediate
return pass for an open layup or dunk.
Tracks remaining game time. Regulation play in the NBA is divided into 12
minute quarters (10 minutes in the WNBA. College games are split into 20
minute halves
Give and Go.
Score board

is a large board for publicly displaying the score in a game or match. Most
levels of sport from high school and above use at least one scoreboard for
keeping score, measuring time, and displaying statistics.
Function and position of player

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Playmaker / Ball Handler

a team's best outside shooter
Quicker and learner the PF/ C.
Skilled rebounder
Plays the baseline near the
basket.

1. POINT GUARD This player is typically the best dribbler and passer on the
team. The point guard is sometimes called the floor general, which indicates
the key role that the point guard plays.
2. Shooting guard - The shooting guard, also called the two guard, is typically
a team's best outside shooter on the team. This player flanks the point guard
and moves around the court to try to create some space to take a shot that is
uncontested by the opposition.
3. 3. Small forward - The small forward is typically a better outside shooter
than a power forward and is usually smaller than a power forward.

4. 4. Power forward - The power forward is usually near the basket and moves
from one side of the basket to the other to try to get free from the opposition
player that is guarding him. Power forwards also are skilled rebounders.
5. 5.Center - is the tallest player on the team. The center's role is to establish
a position near the basket to allow him/herself an easy jump shot. On
defense, the center attempts to block shots and grab rebounds.
Rules Continued

You cannot run with the ball without using a dribble - this is called traveling.

During regular play, offensive players may remain in the lane or paint for
only three consecutive seconds.

Under professional rules NBA a player must leave the game after committing
six fouls. In High School and College you are allowed 5 fouls.

A regulation high school game lasts for 32 minutes with 4 quarters. Each
quarter will run for 8 minutes.

When you are on offense, your team has 10 seconds to dribble the ball up
over half court once you play the ball in bounds.

Over and Back: A violation on which a team has brought the ball into the
frontcourt and then lets it return to the backcourt. Therefore, anytime you
cross into the front court, you can not pass or dribble back over half.

Skills + Terminology

SKILLS:

Dribbling- bouncing the ball with 1 hand using your fingertips instead of your
palm so that it rebounds back to yourself. If you bounce the ball with 2 hands
or stop and re-start your dribble it is called a Double Dribble.

Passing- moving the ball by throwing, bouncing, handing, or rolling it to

another player:

3 passes (Chest, Bounce, baseball)

Rebounding- The recovering of a shot that bounces off the backboard or the
rim.

TERMINOLOGY:

Man to Man- a defensive strategy where everyone guards a player.

Zone defense- a defensive strategy where everyone guards an area instead

of a player.

Foul

Personal Foul: involving illegal player contact with an opponent.

Technical foul: involves players who are displaying unsportsmanlike conduct

towards opposing players or teammates.

Vocabulary
Assist: A pass that immediately precedes and sets up a scored basket.
Backboard: The rectangular or fan-shaped board behind the basket.
Backcourt: The half of the court that is opposite a teams offensive basket; the
court a team is attempting to defend.
Bonus free throw: See One-and-One.
Bounce pass: A pass that strikes the floor before it reaches the receiver.
Carrying the ball: Also called palming; a violation committed by a dribbler that
involves placing the dribbling hand under the ball and momentarily holding or
carrying it while dribbling.
Center: Also called the pivot player; an offensive position typically played by a
tall player who plays mainly in the key areas (at the post).
Charging: A personal foul committed when an offensive player illegally contacts
a defensive player who has established position or is stationary.
Chest pass: A two-handed pass thrown from the passers chest in a straight line
to the chest area of the receiver.
Controlling the boards: Securing a majority of the rebounds.
Conversion: A made basket or free throw.
Crossover dribble: A dribble in which the ball is moved from one hand to the
other while the dribbler changes directions.
Cut: A quick movement by an offensive player to elude an opponent or to
receive the ball.
Dead ball: Occurs whenever the whistle blows to stop play and after a field goal,
but before the opponent gains possession of the ball.

Defense: The team not in possession of the ball whose objective is to keep the
opponent from scoring; also a specific pattern of play used by a defending team.
Double dribble: A violation that occurs when a player dribbles the ball with two
hands simultaneously or stops dribbling and then dribbles again.
Double team: A defensive tactic in which two defenders temporarily guard one
player.
Dribble: Process by which a player repeatedly bounces the ball off the floor so
that it returns to his/her possession. Its the only legal means by which a player
may move the ball across the court.
Drive: A quick dribble directly to the basket in an effort to score.
Elbow: Also called the junction; a term often used to indicate the area of the
court where the free-throw line and side of the key meet.
Fastbreak: An offensive strategy in which a team attempts to move the ball up
court and into scoring position as quickly as possible so that the defense is
outnumbered and does not have time to set up.
Field goal: A basket scored on any shot other than a free throw, worth two or
three points depending on the distance of the attempt from the basket. (See
Three-point field goal for qualification.)
Forward: An offensive position played to the sides of the basket near the key
area and out toward the sideline along the baseline.
Foul: A violation resulting from illegal contact with an opposing player.
Foul line: See Free-throw line.
Free throw: An unguarded shot taken from behind the free-throw line after a
foul. If successful, the shot counts one point.
Held ball: Formerly called a jump ball. When two players on opposite teams
are in joint control of the ball.
Intentional foul: A personal foul that the official judges to be premeditated.
In the paint: In the key area, so named because this area of the floor is
painted.
Jump ball: The procedure for starting play at the beginning of a game or an
overtime period. The official tosses the ball into the air between the two
opponents positioned at the center-court circle; the two players jump up and try
to tap the ball to a teammate.

Free-throw lane: Also called the key or lane; a 12-foot wide area extending
from the baseline to the free-throw line. Players may not be in this area during a
free-throw attempt.
Free-throw line: A 12-foot-long line that is parallel to and 15 feet from the
backboard.
Front court: The half of the court (divided by the center line) that contains the
offensive teams basket; the offensive half of the court.
Fullcourt press: A defensive tactic in which a team guards the opponents
closely the full length of the court.
Guard: An offensive position played primarily at the perimeter, or away from the
basket.
Jump shot: A shot that is released after the shooter has jumped into the air.
Key: Also called the free-throw lane or lane; the area measuring 12 feet in
width and extending from the free-throw line to the end line.
Layup: A shot taken close to the basket that is usually banked off the backboard
towards the basket.
Man-to-man defense: See Player-to-Player defense.
Offense: The team that has possession of the basketball. Also, a structured
pattern of play that a team uses while attempting to score.
One-and-one: The bonus free-throw situation awarded for non-shooting fouls
after the opposing team exceeds a certain number of team fouls in a half. The
person fouled shoots one free throw; if successful, the shooter takes a second
shot.
Over-and-back violation: A violation that occurs when the offensive team returns
the ball into the backcourt once it has positioned itself in the front court.
Overhead pass: A two-handed pass thrown from above the forehead.
Overtime: An extra period played to break a tie score at the end of a regulation
game.
Palming: See Carrying the ball.
Pass: An intentional throw to a teammate.
Pivot: A footwork technique in which a player keeps one foot in contact with a
spot on the floor while moving the other foot to adjust the position of the body
or to evade a defensive player.

Player-to-player defense: Also man-to-man defense; a team defense in which

each player is assigned to guard a particular opponent.
Point guard: An offensive position played by a guard who usually brings the ball
up the court and initiates the offense.
Post: An offensive position played close to the basket along the key.
Press: An aggressive defense that attempts to force the opponents to make
errors by guarding them closely from either half court, three-quarter court or full
court.
Rebound: The act of gaining possession of the ball after a missed shot.
Scrimmage: An unofficial game between two teams, or five-on-five play
between team members in a practice situation.
Technical foul: A foul that does not involve contact with an opponent; a foul that
involves unsportsman-like conduct by a player, coach or non-player; or a contact
foul committed by a player while the ball is dead.
Ten-second line: The mid-court line over which the offensive team must advance
the ball from the backcourt within 10 seconds to avoid a violation.
Three-point field goal: A made basket from a distance greater than 19 feet and
nine inches during a high school or college game.
Three-on-two: A common fast break situation in which three offensive players
attempt to score on two defenders.
Three seconds: A violation in which an offensive player remains within the key
(free-throw lane) for more than three seconds at a time.
Traveling: A violation occurring when a player with the ball takes a step without
dribbling (moving the established pivot foot).
Turnover: A loss of possession of the ball by means of an error or violation.
Violation: An infringement of the rules that's not a foul. The penalty for a
violation is the awarding of the ball to the opponent.
Zone defense: A team defense in which each player is responsible for defending
an area of the court and the opponents within that area.
Zone offense: An offensive pattern of play designed to attack (score against) a
particular zone defense.