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Dumpy Level: Height of Collimation and Rise & Fall Method Aim

The document describes two methods for determining elevation differences between points - height of collimation and rise and fall. The height of collimation method involves taking backsight, foresight, and intermediate sight readings to calculate reduced levels in a single column. The rise and fall method uses two columns to track elevation changes as rises or falls between readings to also calculate reduced levels. Both methods are used for compound leveling when stations are far apart or obstacles exist between points.

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Hans Hans Sadz
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93 views

Dumpy Level: Height of Collimation and Rise & Fall Method Aim

The document describes two methods for determining elevation differences between points - height of collimation and rise and fall. The height of collimation method involves taking backsight, foresight, and intermediate sight readings to calculate reduced levels in a single column. The rise and fall method uses two columns to track elevation changes as rises or falls between readings to also calculate reduced levels. Both methods are used for compound leveling when stations are far apart or obstacles exist between points.

Uploaded by

Hans Hans Sadz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SWC 211 Soil and Water Conservation Engineering

DUMPY LEVEL
HEIGHT OF COLLIMATION AND RISE & FALL METHOD
Aim:
To determine to difference in elevation between the given points adopting height
of collimation (HC) and rise & fall method.
Instruments required:
Dumpy Level with stand, Telescopic Metric Staff

HEIGHT OF COLLIMATION
Procedure:
Compound leveling in also called as differential or fly leveling. This leveling is
resorted under the following circumstances.
1. When the two stations are quite apart beyond the reach of telescope.
2. Difference in elevation is too great.
3. There is an obstacle between the two stations.
Under the above circumstances, a number of settings of the instrument are
required. We have to start the levels from one station and carry out upto the end station
continuously. Hence we have to conveniently install some change points.
After setting the instruments, the first reading we have to take it on a station of
known elevation, called as Bench Mark and the sight is known as Back Sight. The
reading taken on the staff held at last point whose elevation is to be determined, just
before shifting the instrument is called Fore Sight. Normally the back sight distance
and fore sight distance should be approximately equal to eliminate instrumental errors.
The sights that are taken on the intermediate stations are called Intermediate
Sights normally. Changed point is a point where we take two readings one fore sight,
from the previous station and one back sight from the successive station.
Suppose we want to determine the difference in elevation between P & Q stations
which are quite apart, we have to select number of change points as required. As shown
in figure first set the instrument at O1, and take a back sight on station P1 of known
elevation. Then keep the staff at CP1 and take a foresight. Then shift the instrument to
station O1 and set it. Then take a back sight to CP2. Similar way repeat the procedure till

Department of Soil & Water Conservation Engineering

SWC 211 Soil and Water Conservation Engineering

the station Q is touched. If any intermediate sights are needed that also can be taken.
Then the reduced levels can be worked out systematically tabulating the reading. There
is a separate field book available for working out reduced levels (RL). The RL can be
computed in two ways (1) Height of Collimation (2) Rise and Fall method. The HC
method is a very simple method, less tedious method quicker than rise and fall method. It
can be used when there are no inter sights.
Back sight
(1)
0.500

Inter sight
(2)

Fore sight
(3)

HC
(4)
100.500

RL
(5)
100.00

Remarks
(6)
Bench mark, P

0.750

0.890

100.450

99.700

CP1

0.650

1.250

99.850

99.200

CP1

1.300

98.550

Station Q

3.350

1.450

1.900
Arithmetical check:

Back - Fore = Difference between point first RL and last RL


Result:
The difference in elevation between stations P & Q,
100.000 98.550 = 1.450 m
Back sight

Inter sight

Fore sight

HC

RL

Remarks

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Department of Soil & Water Conservation Engineering

SWC 211 Soil and Water Conservation Engineering

RISE AND FALL METHOD


The following table shows a page of level book for rise and fall method. There
are seven columns. The first three columns are exactly same as in the previous table.
Instead of columns HC there are two columns marked rise and fall respectively. The last
two columns are also identical with previous table.
Back sight
(1)
2.150

Inter sight Fore sight


(2)
(3)

1.64

1.650

Rise
(4)

Fall
(5)

100.500

Remarks
(7)
Back bearing
on P
CP1

99.800

Inter

100.180

CP2

0.400

99.780

Station

1.100

0.220

0.500

2.345

0.700
1.965

1.425

1.825

5.220

5.440

0.380
0.880

RL
(6)
100.000

Arithmetic check
The calculations is based on the principle that two consecutive readings from
same instrument station give the difference of levels, which may be rise from the
proceedings station or fall. The RL of the various stations are computed by adding rise to
the preceding station or by subtracting the fall. The major advantage of this system is it
gives a visual picture of topography. The RL of intermediate station is also checked
under this method, and this method is recommended for a long run of differential leveling
for important and accurate works.
Back sight - Fore sight = Rise - Fall = Last RL First RL
Result:
The difference in elevation between the given station =

Department of Soil & Water Conservation Engineering

SWC 211 Soil and Water Conservation Engineering

Back sight
(1)

Inter sight Fore sight


(2)

(3)

Rise

Fall

RL

Remarks

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

Department of Soil & Water Conservation Engineering

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