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Bus Admittance Matrix

The document discusses the bus admittance matrix, which is used to relate nodal voltages to branch currents in a power system network model. It is formed by converting all branch impedances to admittances based on Kirchhoff's current law equations at each node. The matrix is symmetric with diagonal elements equal to the sum of the admittances connected to each node and off-diagonal elements equal to the negative of the admittance between two nodes. Tap-changing transformers can be modeled in the matrix by representing the transformer as two elements joined at a fictitious bus, with the tap ratio incorporated into the element values.

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Parthasarathy Gokul E
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1K views13 pages

Bus Admittance Matrix

The document discusses the bus admittance matrix, which is used to relate nodal voltages to branch currents in a power system network model. It is formed by converting all branch impedances to admittances based on Kirchhoff's current law equations at each node. The matrix is symmetric with diagonal elements equal to the sum of the admittances connected to each node and off-diagonal elements equal to the negative of the admittance between two nodes. Tap-changing transformers can be modeled in the matrix by representing the transformer as two elements joined at a fictitious bus, with the tap ratio incorporated into the element values.

Uploaded by

Parthasarathy Gokul E
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • The Bus Admittance Matrix: Explains the concept of the bus admittance matrix, which links nodal voltages to currents in a network using circuit branch admittances.
  • Matrix Formation Example: Illustrates steps to create a matrix from network and impedance diagrams, including equations for Kirchhoff's laws.
  • Y-Bus Matrix Building Rules: Lists the set of rules required to build a Y-Bus matrix focusing on matrix dimensions and symmetry.
  • Tap-Changing Transformers: Describes how tap-changing transformers control power network voltages and angles by altering terminal voltages.
  • YBus Formation of Tap-Changers: Details the matrix formation process for YBus using tap-changing transformers and relevant equations.
  • Pi-Circuit Model of Tap-Changers: Explains the pi-circuit approach for modeling tap-changing transformers and how it affects power distribution.

The Bus Admittance Matrix

The matrix equation for relating the nodal voltages to the


currents that flow into and out of a network using the
admittance values of circuit branches

Iinj = Ybus Vnode

Ik Vk
Network

Used to form the network model of an interconnected


power system
u

Nodes represent substation bus bars


Branches represent transmission lines and transformers
Injected currents are the flows from generator and loads

Power Systems I

The Bus Admittance Matrix


l

Constructing the Bus Admittance Matrix (or the Y bus


matrix)
u

form the nodal solution based upon Kirchhoffs current law

I k inj = yk 0 Vk + yk 1 (Vk V1 ) + yk 2 (Vk V2 ) + K + ykn (Vk Vn )


u

impedances are converted to admittances

1
1
yij =
=
zij rij + j xij

Power Systems I

Matrix Formation Example


generator 1
z = j1.0

generator 2
z = j0.8
line 12
z = j0.4

1
line 13
z = j0.2

2
line 23
z = j0.2

V2

j1.0

j0.8

j0.4

j0.2

j0.2

3
line 34
z = j0.08

4
Network Diagram
Power Systems I

V1

j0.08
4
Impedance Diagram

Matrix Formation Example


I1

y10= -j1.0

I2

y20= -j1.25
1

2
y12 = -j2.5
y13= -j5 y23= -j5
3
y34 = -j12.5
4

Admittance Diagram
Power Systems I

KCL Equations

I1 = y10V1 + y12 (V1 V2 ) + y13 (V1 V3 )

I 2 = y20V2 + y21 (V2 V1 ) + y23 (V2 V3 )

0 = y31 (V3 V1 ) + y32 (V3 V2 ) + y34 (V3 V4 )


0 = y43 (V4 V3 )

Matrix Formation Example


Rearranging the KCL Equations
I1 = ( y10 + y12 + y13 )V1 y12V2 y13V3

I 2 = y21V1 + ( y20 + y21 + y23 )V2 y23V3

0 = y31V1 y32V2 + ( y31 + y32 + y34 )V3 y34V4


0 = y43V3 + y43V4

Matrix Formation of the Equations


I1 ( y10 + y12 + y13 )
I
y21
2 =
y31
0

0
0
Power Systems I

y12
( y20 + y21 + y23 )
y32
0

y13
y23

( y31 + y32 + y34 )


y43

0 V1
0 V2

y34 V3

y43 V4

Matrix Formation Example


Completed Matrix Equation
Y11 = ( y10 + y12 + y13 ) = j8.50
Y23 = Y32 = y23 = j5.00
Y12 = Y21 = y12 = j 2.50
Y33 = ( y31 + y32 + y34 ) = j 22.50
Y13 = Y31 = y13 = j5.00
Y34 = Y43 = y34 = j12.50
Y22 = ( y20 + y21 + y23 ) = j8.75
Y44 = y34 = j12.50
0 V1
j5.00
I1 j8.50 j 2.50
I j 2.50 j8.75
V
5
.
00
0
j
2 =
2
j5.00 j 22.50
j12.50 V3
0 j5.00

0
0
12
.
50
12
.
50
0
j
j

V4
Power Systems I

Y-Bus Matrix Building Rules


l

Square matrix with dimensions equal to the number of


buses
Convert all network impedances into admittances
n
Diagonal elements:

Yii = yij

ji

j =0

Off-diagonal elements:

Yij = Y ji = yij

Matrix is symmetrical along the leading diagonal

Power Systems I

Example
Line
g1
g2
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6

System Data
Start End X value
1
0
1.00
5
0
1.25
1
2
0.40
1
3
0.50
2
3
0.25
2
5
0.20
3
4
0.125
4
5
0.50

Power Systems I

Tap-Changing Transformers
l

The tap-changing transform gives some control of the


power network by changing the voltages and current
magnitudes and angles by small amounts
u

The flow of real power along a network branch is controlled by


the angular difference of the terminal voltages
The flow of reactive power along a network branch is controlled
by the magnitude difference of the terminal voltages
Real and reactive powers can be adjusted by voltage-regulating
transformers and by phase-shifting transformers

bus i

1:a

bus j
a can be a
complex number

Power Systems I

Modeling of Tap-Changers
u

the off-nominal tap ratio is given as 1:a


the nominal turns-ratio (N1/N2) was addressed with the
conversion of the network to per unit
the transformer is modeled as two elements joined together at a
fictitious bus x

Vi

Ii

yt

Ij

Vx
1:a

basic circuit equations:

Vx = 1a V j
Power Systems I

I i = a* I j

I i = yt (Vi Vx )

Vj

Modeling of Tap-Changers
l

Making substitutions

Vx = 1a V j

I i = yt (Vi 1a V j )

I i = yt (Vi Vx )

I i = a* I j
I j = a1* I i
yt
yt
yt
1
I j = * (Vi a V j ) = * Vi + 2 V j
a
a
a
Power Systems I

YBus Formation of Tap-Changers


l

Matrix formation

yt
I i = {yt }Vi + V j
a
y
yt
I j = * Vi + t2 V j
a
a
I i yt
I = y a *
j t
Power Systems I

yt a Vi
2
yt a V j

Pi-Circuit Model of Tap-Changers


l

Valid for real values of a


Taking the y-bus formation, break the diagonal elements
into two components
u

the off-diagonal element represent the impedance across the two


buses
the remainder form the shunt element
non-tap side

i
(a - 1) yt / a
Power Systems I

yt / a

tap side

j
(1 - a) yt / a2

Power Systems I The Bus Admittance Matrix l The matrix equation for relating the nodal voltages to the currents that flow
Power Systems I The Bus Admittance Matrix l Constructing the Bus Admittance Matrix (or the Y bus matrix) u form the nodal
Power Systems I Matrix Formation Example j1.0 j0.8 j0.4 j0.2 j0.2 j0.08 4 3 1 2 Impedance Diagram generator 1 z = j1.0 li
Power Systems I Matrix Formation Example y10= -j1.0 y20= -j1.25 y12 = -j2.5 y13= -j5 y23= -j5 y34 = -j12.5 1 2 Admittance
Power Systems I Matrix Formation Example ( ) ( ) ( ) 4 43 3 43 4 34 3 34 32 31 2 32 1 31 3 23 2 23 21 20 1 21 2 3 13 2 12
Power Systems I Matrix Formation Example ( ) ( ) ( )             ⋅             − − − − =    
Power Systems I Y-Bus Matrix Building Rules l Square matrix with dimensions equal to the number of buses l Convert all ne
Power Systems I Example System Data Line Start End X value g1 1 0 1.00 g2 5 0 1.25 L1 1 2 0.40 L2 1 3 0.50 L3 2 3 0.25 L4
Power Systems I Tap-Changing Transformers l The tap-changing transform gives some control of the power network by changin
Power Systems I Modeling of Tap-Changers u the off-nominal tap ratio is given as 1:a u the nominal turns-ratio (N1/N2) wa

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