RULES FOR

MATERIALS AND WELDING

2014
NOTICE NO. 1 July 2014
The following Rule Changes were approved by the ABS Rules Committee on 28 May 2014 and
become EFFECTIVE AS OF 1 JULY 2014.
(See http://www.eagle.org for the consolidated version of the 2014 Rules for Materials and Welding (Part 2), with
all Notices and Corrigenda incorporated.)

Notes

The date indicated in the parentheses in the Rules for Materials and Welding (Part 2) is the date that
the requirement becomes effective for new construction based on the contract date for construction
(also applicable to certification of steel based on a contract for new construction between builder and
Owner on or after 1 July 2014 when the date of purchase order of the materials is on or after 1 July 2014).

PART 2

RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING

CHAPTER 4

WELDING AND FABRICATION

SECTION 1

HULL CONSTRUCTION

General

1.7

Welding Procedures
(Revise Subparagraph 2-4-1/1.7.1, as follows:)
1.7.1

General (1 July 2014)

Welding procedures are to be qualified to Part 2, Appendix 9 or to equivalent recognized standards
such as AWS, EN, ISO, ASME, MIL and JIS. Also refer to Section 2-4-3.

Procedures for the welding of all joints are to be established before construction for the welding
processes, types of electrodes, edge preparations, welding techniques, and positions proposed. See
2-4-3/5. Details of proposed welding procedures and sequences may be required to be submitted
for review depending on the intended application.

ABS RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING . 2014

Notice No. 1 July 2014

(Add new Appendix 9, as follows:)

PART 2

RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING

APPENDIX 9

WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION TESTS OF STEELS FOR HULL

CONSTRUCTION AND MARINE STRUCTURES (1 July 2014)

SECTION 1

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Scope

1.1
Refer to 2-1-1/1.7, Welding Procedures. This Appendix covers weld procedure qualification.

General

3.1
Welding procedure qualification tests are intended to verify that a manufacturer is adequately qualified to
perform welding operations using a particular procedure.

3.3
In general, welding procedure tests are to reflect fabrication conditions with respect to welding equipment,
inside or outside fabrication, weld preparation, preheating and any post-weld heat treatment. It is the
manufacturers responsibility to establish and document whether a procedure is suitable for the particular
application.

3.5
For welding procedure approval, welding procedure qualification tests are to be carried out with
satisfactory results. Welding procedure specifications are to reference the weld qualification test results
achieved during welding procedure qualification testing.

3.7
The approved WPS shall be restricted to the contractor or subcontractor performing the qualification. If the
approved WPSs are to be applied at workshops or yards belonging to the contractor or subcontractor, they are
to be under the same technical management and working to the same quality assurance procedures and program.

Welding Procedure Specification pWPS and WPS

5.1

Preliminary Welding Procedure Specification (pWPS) and Welding Procedure

Specification (WPS)
5.1.1

pWPS
The shipyard or manufacturer is to submit a pWPS for review prior to the Weld Procedure
Qualification Tests (WPQT). The pWPS can be modified and amended during the WPQT as deemed
necessary. The pWPS is to define all the variables (refer to AWS D.1.1, ISO 15614 or other
recognized standards) that will be included in the WPS. In case the test pieces welded according to
the pWPS show unacceptable results the pWPS is to be adjusted by the shipyard or manufacturer.
The new pWPS is to be prepared and the test pieces welded in accordance with the new pWPS.

5.1.2

WPS
Upon completion of the WPQT and satisfactory review, the pWPS is given approval and becomes
the WPS. The WPS is to be used as a basis for production welds. The approval range of the WPS
is to be in compliance with 2-A9-1/9.
Note.

The generic term WPS is sometimes applied to a document before and after qualification tests, this can be
accepted. The use of pWPS helps identify that the document has not yet been qualified by satisfactory tests.
ABS RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING . 2014

Notice No. 1 July 2014

Welding Procedure Qualification Test WPQT

7.1

General
7.1.1

Preparation and welding of test pieces are to be carried out in accordance with the pWPS and
under the general condition of production welding which it represents.
7.1.2

Welding of the test assemblies and testing of test specimens are to be witnessed by the Surveyor.
7.1.3

If tack welds and/or start and stop points are a condition of the weld process they are to be fused
into the joint and are to be included in the test assemblies.

7.3

Butt Welds
7.3.1

Assembly of Test Pieces

The test assembly is to be in accordance with 2-A9-1/Figure 1 with the following minimum
dimensions:

Manual or semi-automatic welding:

Thickness = t
Width = 2a, where a = 3 t. Minimum width to be no less than 150 mm
Length b = 6 t. Minimum length to be no less than 350 mm

Automatic welding:
Thickness = t
Width = 2a, where a = 4 t. Minimum width to be no less than 200 mm
Length b. Minimum length to be no less than 1000 mm

ABS RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING . 2014

Notice No. 1 July 2014

FIGURE 1
Test Assembly for Butt Weld (1 July 2014)
Discard

50
Hull Steels
Plate rolling
direction

(Steel plates
with CVN-T)

Plate rolling
direction

(Steel plates
with CVN-L)
b

Quench and
tempered steels
50
Discard
a

7.3.2

Examinations and Tests

Test assemblies are to be examined nondestructively and destructively in accordance with the
following requirements and 2-A9-1/Figure 2:

Visual testing

100%

Surface crack detection

100%
(dye penetrant testing or magnetic particle testing)

Radiographic or Ultrasonic testing

100%

Transverse tensile test

two specimens as per 2-A9-1/7.3.2(b)

Longitudinal tensile test

as per 2-A9-1/7.3.2(c)

Transverse bend test

four specimens as per 2-A9-1/7.3.2(d)

Charpy V-notch impact test

as per 2-A9-1/7.3.2(e)

Macro examination

one specimen as per 2-A9-1/7.3.2(f)

Hardness test

required as per 2-A9-1/7.3.2(g)

ABS RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING . 2014

Notice No. 1 July 2014

FIGURE 2
Test Sampling (1 July 2014)
Discard

50
T1

Transverse tensile test

P1

Face bend test

P2

Root bend test

or 2 side bend tests

Longitudinal tensile test

Macro examination and Hardness test

Charpy V-notch impact test

(notch in weld metal)

(notch on fusion line)

(notch in HAZ)

P3

Face bend test

P4

Root bend test

or 2 side bend tests

T2

Transverse tensile test

Discard

50
t
Weld

7.3.2(a) Nondestructive Testing. Test assemblies are to be examined by visual and by nondestructive
testing prior to the cutting of test specimens. In case any post-weld heat treatment is required or
specified, nondestructive testing is to be performed after heat treatment. For steels with specified
minimum yield strength of 420 N/mm2 and above the nondestructive testing is to be delayed for a
minimum of 48 hrs, unless post weld heat treatment has been carried out. NDT procedures are to
be to the satisfaction of the Surveyor.
Imperfections detected by visual or nondestructive testing are to be assessed in accordance with
ISO 5817, class B, except for excess weld metal and excess penetration for which the level C applies.
7.3.2(b) Transverse Tensile Test. The testing is to be carried out in accordance with 2-4-3/Figure 3.
The tensile strength recorded for each specimen is not to be less than the minimum required for
the base metal. When butt welds are made between plates of different grades, the tensile strength
to be obtained on the welded assembly is to be in accordance with the requirements relating to the
steel grade having lower strength. If a lower strength consumable is proposed the details are to be
submitted to ABS for consideration.
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Notice No. 1 July 2014

7.3.2(c) Longitudinal Tensile Test. Longitudinal tensile test of deposited weld metal taken
lengthways from the weld is required for cases where the welding consumable is not ABS approved.
Testing is to be carried out in accordance with 2-A2-1/Figure 1. The tensile properties recorded
for each specimen are not to be less than the minimum required for the approval of the appropriate
grade of consumable.
Where more than one welding process or type of consumable has been used to make the test weld,
test specimens are to be taken from the area of the weld where each was used with the exception
of those processes or consumables used to make the first weld run or root deposit.
7.3.2(d) Bend Test. Transverse bend tests for butt joints are to be in accordance with 2-4-3/Figures
5 and 6. The mandrel diameter to thickness ratio (i.e., D/t) is to be in accordance with 2-4-3/Figure 7.
The bending angle is to be 180. After testing, the test specimens are not to reveal any open defects
in any direction greater than 3 mm. Defects appearing at the corners of a test specimen during
testing are to be investigated case by case.
Two root and two face bend specimens are to be tested. For thickness 12 mm and over, four side
bend specimens may alternatively be tested.
For butt joints in heterogeneous steel plates, face and root longitudinal bend test specimens may
be used instead of the transverse bend test specimens.
7.3.2(e) Impact Test
i)

Normal and Higher Strength Hull Structural Steels. The positions of specimens are to be
in accordance with these requirements. Dimensions and testing are to be in accordance
with the requirements of 2-1-1/11.11.
Test specimens with Charpy-V-notch are to be used and sampled from 1 to 2 mm below
the surface of the base metal, transverse to the weld and on the side containing the last weld
run. V-notch specimens are located in the butt-welded joint as indicated in 2-A9-A1/Figures
1 and 2, and the V-notch is to be cut perpendicular to the surface of the weld.
Test temperature and absorbed energy are to be in accordance with 2-A9-1/Table 1.
When butt welds are made between different steel grades/types, the test specimens are to
be taken from the side of the joint with lower toughness of steel. Temperature and absorbed
energy results are to be in accordance with the requirements for the lower toughness steel.
Where more than one welding process or consumable has been used to make the test weld,
impact test specimens are to be taken from the respective areas where each was employed.
This is not to apply to the process or consumables used solely to make the first weld run
or root deposit.
The testing of sub-size specimens is to be in accordance with Section 2-1-2 and
2-1-1/Figure 3.

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Notice No. 1 July 2014

TABLE 1
Impact Test Requirements for Butt Joints (t 50 mm)(1, 2) (1 July 2014)
Value of Minimum Average Absorbed Energy (J)
Grade
of Steel

A(3)

Testing
Temperature
(C)

For Manually or Semi-automatically

Welded Joints
Downhand,
Horizontal, Overhead

Vertical Upward,
Vertical Downward

For Automatically
Welded Joints

20

(3)

B ,D

-20

AH32, AH36

20

DH32, DH36

EH32, EH36

-20

FH32, FH36

-40

AH40

20

DH40

EH40

-20

FH40

-40

34

34

39

39

47

Notes:
1

For thickness above 50 mm impact test requirements reference is to be made to ABS

Rules 2-4-3/Table 2

These requirements apply to test pieces with butt weld perpendicular to the plate rolling
direction.

For Grade A and B steels average absorbed energy on the fusion line and in the heat
affected zone is to be minimum 27 J.

ii)

High Strength Quenched and Tempered Steels. Impact tests are to be performed as
described in i) above.
V-notch specimens are located in the butt welded joint as indicated in 2-A9-A1/Figures 1
and 2. The V-notch is to be cut perpendicular to the surface of the weld.
Test temperature and absorbed energy are to be in accordance with the requirements of
the base metal.

iii)

Weldable C and C-Mn Hull Steel Castings and Forgings. For base metal with specified
impact values, test temperature and absorbed energy are to be in accordance with the
requirements of the base metal to be welded.

7.3.2(f) Macro Examination. Test specimens are to be prepared and etched on one side to clearly
reveal the weld metal, fusion line, and heat affected zone.
Macro examination is to include approximately 10 mm of unaffected base metal.
The examination is to reveal a regular weld profile, fusion between adjacent layers of weld and
base metal and the absence of defects such as cracks, lack of fusion, etc.
7.3.2(g) Hardness Tests. Hardness tests are required for steels with specified minimum yield
strength of ReH 355 N/mm2. The Vickers method HV 10 is normally used. The indentations are
to be made in the weld metal, the heat affected zone and the base metal. The hardness values are to
be measured and recorded. At least two rows of indentations are to be carried out in accordance
with 2-A9-A2/Figures 1 and 2.
For each row of indentations there is to be a minimum of 3 individual indentations in the weld
metal, the heat affected zones (both sides) and the base metal (both sides). A typical example is
shown in Annex 2.
ABS RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING . 2014

Notice No. 1 July 2014

The results from the hardness test are not to exceed the following:

7.5

Steel with a specified minimum yield strength ReH 420 N/mm2

350 HV10

Steel with a specified minimum yield strength 420 N/mm2 < ReH 690 N/mm2

420 HV10

Fillet Welds
7.5.1

Assembly of Test Pieces

The test assembly is to be in accordance with 2-A9-1/Figure 3 with the minimum dimensions:

Manual and Semi-automatic Welding:

Thickness = t
Width a = 3 t. Minimum width is to be no less than 150 mm
Length b = 6 t, Minimum length is to be no less than 350 mm

Automatic Welding:
Thickness = t
Width a = 3 t, Minimum width is to be no less than 150 mm
Length b = Minimum length is to be no less than 1000 mm

FIGURE 3
Test Assembly for Fillet Weld (1 July 2014)

t1, t2 = plate thickness of test pieces

t2
b
a

t1

7.5.2

Welding of Test Pieces

The test assembly is welded on one side only. For single run manual and semi-automatic welding,
a stop/restart is to be included in the test length and its position is to be clearly marked for
subsequent examination.

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Notice No. 1 July 2014

7.5.3

Examinations and Tests

Test assemblies are to be examined nondestructively and destructively in accordance with the
following:

Visual testing

100%

Surface crack detection

100% (dye penetrant testing or magnetic particle testing)

Macro examination

two specimen as per 2-A9-1/7.5.3(b)

Hardness test

required as per 2-A9-1/7.5.3(c)

Fracture test

required as per 2-A9-1/7.5.3(d)

7.5.3(a) Nondestructive Testing. Test assemblies are to be examined by visual and by nondestructive
testing prior to the cutting of test specimens. In case any post-weld heat treatment is required or
specified nondestructive testing is to be performed after heat treatment. For steels with specified
minimum yield strength of 420 N/mm2 and above, nondestructive testing is to be delayed for a
minimum of 48 hrs, unless post weld heat treatment has been carried out. NDT procedures are to
be to the satisfaction of the Surveyor.
Imperfections detected by visual or nondestructive testing are to be assessed in accordance with
ISO 5817, class B except for excess convexity and excess throat thickness for which the level C
applies.
7.5.3(b) Macro Examination. Test specimens are to be prepared and etched on one side to clearly
reveal the weld metal, fusion line, root penetration and the heat affected zone.
Macro examination is to include approximately 10 mm unaffected base metal.
The examination is to reveal a regular weld profile, fusion between adjacent layers of weld and
base metal, sufficient root penetration and the absence of defects such as cracks, lack of fusion, etc.
7.5.3(c) Hardness Test. Hardness test is required for steels with specified minimum yield strength
of ReH 355 N/mm2. The Vickers method HV10 is normally used. The indentations are to be
made in the weld metal, heat affected zone, and base metal. The hardness values are to be
measured and recorded. At least two rows of indentations are to be carried out in accordance with
2-A9-A2/Figures 3, 4a and 4b.
For each row of indentations there is to be a minimum of 3 individual indentations in the weld
metal, heat affected zone (both sides), and base metal (both sides). A typical example is shown in
Annex 2.
Results from the hardness test are not to exceed the following:

Steel with a specified minimum yield strength ReH 420 N/mm2

Steel with a specified minimum yield strength 420 N/mm < ReH 690 N/mm
2

350 HV10
2

420 HV10

7.5.3(d) Fracture Test. The fracture test is to be carried out by folding the upright plate onto the
through plate.
Evaluation is to concentrate on cracks, porosity and pores, inclusions, lack of fusion and incomplete
penetration. Imperfections that are detected are to be assessed in accordance with ISO 5817, class B.

7.7

Re-testing
7.7.1

If the test piece fails to comply with any of the requirements for visual or nondestructive testing
one further test piece is to be welded and subjected to the same examination. If this additional test
piece does not comply with the relevant requirements, the pWPS is to be regarded as not capable
of complying with the requirements without modification.

ABS RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING . 2014

Notice No. 1 July 2014

7.7.2

If any test specimens fail to comply with the relevant requirements for mechanical testing due to
weld imperfections only, two further test specimens are to be obtained for each one that failed. These
specimens can be taken from the same test piece if there is sufficient material available or from a
new test piece, and are to be subjected to the same test. If either of these additional test specimens
does not comply with the relevant requirements, the pWPS is to be regarded as not capable of
complying with the requirements without modification.
7.7.3

If a tensile test specimen fails to meet the requirements, re-testing is to be in accordance with
2-1-2/9.11.
7.7.4

If there is a single hardness value above the maximum values allowed, additional hardness tests
are to be carried out (on the reverse of the specimen or after sufficient grinding of the tested surface).
None of the additional hardness values is to exceed the maximum hardness values required.
7.7.5

Re-testing of Charpy impact specimens is to be carried out in accordance with the requirements of
2-1-2/11.7.
7.7.6

Where there is insufficient welded assembly remaining to provide additional test specimens, a
further assembly is to be welded using the same procedure to provide the additional specimens.

7.9

Test Record
7.9.1

Welding conditions for test assemblies and test results are to be recorded in the welding procedure
test record, sometimes referred to as the PQR or WPQR.
7.9.2

A statement of the results of assessing each test piece, including repeat tests, is to be made for
each welding procedure test. The relevant items listed for the WPS of these requirements are to be
included.
7.9.3

A statement that the test piece was made according to the particular welding procedure is to be
signed by the Surveyor witnessing the test and is to include the ABS stamp.

Range of Approval

9.1

General
All the conditions governing the range of approval stated below are to be met independently of each other.
Changes outside of the ranges specified are to require a new welding procedure test.
Shop primer may have an influence on the quality of fillet welds and is to be considered.
Welding procedure qualification with shop primer will qualify those without but not vice versa.

10

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Notice No. 1 July 2014

9.3

Base Metal
9.3.1

Ordinary Strength Hull Structural Steel

For each grade tested, welding procedures are considered applicable to that grade and the lower
toughness designations (grades).

9.3.2

Higher Strength Hull Structural Steel

9.3.2(a) For each strength level tested, welding procedures are considered applicable to that strength
level, and any of the lower toughness designations (grades) in that strength level.

9.3.2(b) For each toughness designation (grade) tested, welding procedures are considered applicable
to that toughness designation (grade) and two lower strength levels in that toughness designation
(grade), including the lower toughness designations (grades) of the lower strength levels.
9.3.2(c) For applying the above 2-A9-1/9.3.2(a) and 2-A9-1/9.3.2(b) to high heat input processes
above 50 kJ/cm, e.g., the two-run technique with either submerged arc or gas shielded metal arc
welding, electroslag and electrogas welding, the welding procedure is applicable to that toughness
grade tested and one strength level below.
9.3.2(d) Where steels used for construction are supplied with different delivery conditions from
those tested ABS may require additional tests.
9.3.3

High Strength Quenched and Tempered Steels

9.3.3(a) For each strength level tested, welding procedures are considered applicable to that strength
level and the lower toughness designations (grades) in that strength level.

9.3.3(b) For each toughness designation (grade) tested, welding procedures are considered applicable
to that toughness designation (grade) and two lower strength levels in that toughness designation
(grade).
9.3.3(c) The approval of quenched and tempered steels does not qualify thermo-mechanically
rolled steels (TMCP steels) and vice versa.
9.3.4

Weldable C and C-Mn Hull Steel Forgings

9.3.4(a) Welding procedures are considered applicable to that strength level and strength levels
lower than that tested.

9.3.4(b) The approval of quenched and tempered hull steel forgings does not qualify other delivery
conditions and vice versa.
9.3.5

Weldable C and C-Mn Hull Steel Castings

9.3.5(a) Welding procedures are considered applicable to that strength level and strength levels
lower than that tested.

9.3.5(b) The approval of quenched and tempered hull steel forgings does not qualify other delivery
conditions and vice versa.

9.5

Thickness
9.5.1

The thickness t used in a WPQT is valid for the thickness range given in 2-A9-1/Table 2.

ABS RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING . 2014

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Notice No. 1 July 2014

TABLE 2
Approval Range of Thickness for Butt and T-Joint Welds
and Fillet Welds (1 July 2014)
Thickness of Test Piece t (1)
(mm)
3 < t 12
12 < t 100

Range of Approval
Butt and T-joint Welds with Single
Run or Single Run from Both Sides

Butt and T-Joint Welds with

Multi-run and Fillet Welds (2)

0.7 t to 1.1 t

3 to 2 t

0.7 t to 1.1 t (3)

0.5 t to 2 t
(>150mm)(4)

Notes:
1

For multi process procedures, the recorded thickness contribution of each process is to be used
as a basis for the range of approval for the individual welding process.

For fillet welds, the range of approval is to be applied to both base metals.

For high heat input processes over 50 kJ/cm, the upper limit of range of approval is to be 1.0 t.

Thicknesses above 150mm are subject to special consideration.

9.5.2

In addition to the requirements of 2-A9-1/Table 2, the range of approval of throat thickness a

for fillet welds is to be as follows:

Single run: 0.75 a to 1.5 a

Multi-run: as for butt welds with multi-run (i.e., a = t)

9.5.3

For vertical-down welding, the test piece thickness t is always taken as the upper limit of the
range of application.
9.5.4

For unequal plate thickness of butt welds the lesser thickness is the ruling dimension.
9.5.5

Notwithstanding the above, the approval of maximum thickness of base metal for any technique is
to be restricted to the thickness of test assembly if three of the hardness values in the heat affected
zone are found to be within 25 HV of the maximum permitted, as stated in 2-A9-1/7-3-2(g) and
2-A9-1/7.5.3(c).

9.7

Welding Position
Approval for a test made in any position is restricted to that position (see Annex 3). To qualify a range of
positions, test assemblies are to be welded using the highest heat input position and the lowest heat input
position, and all applicable tests are to be made on those assemblies.

9.9

Welding Process
9.9.1

The approval is only valid for the welding process(es) used in the welding procedure test. It is not
permitted to change from a multi-run process to a single run process.
9.9.2

For multi-process procedures the welding procedure approval may be carried out with separate
welding procedure tests for each welding process. It is also possible to make the welding procedure
test as a multi-process procedure test. The approval of such a test is only valid for the process
sequence carried out during the multi-process procedure test.

12

ABS RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING . 2014

Notice No. 1 July 2014

9.11

Welding Consumable
Except high heat input processes over 50 kJ/cm, welding consumables cover other approved welding
consumables having the same grade mark including all suffixes specified in Appendix 2-A2-1 with the welding
consumable tested.

9.13

Heat Input
9.13.1

The upper limit of heat input approved is 25% greater than that used in welding the test piece or
55 kJ/cm whichever is smaller, except that the upper limit is 10% greater than that for high heat
input processes over 50 kJ/cm.
9.13.2

The lower limit of heat input approved is 25% lower than that used in welding the test piece. New
materials will be subject to special approval.

9.15

Preheating and Interpass Temperature

9.15.1

The minimum preheating temperature is not to be less than that used in the qualification test.
9.15.2

The maximum interpass temperature is not to be higher than that used in the qualification test.

9.17

Post-weld Heat Treatment

The heat treatment used in the qualification test is to be maintained during manufacture. Holding time may
be adjusted as a function of thickness.

9.19

Type of Joint
9.19.1

Range of approval depending on type of welded joints for test assembly is to be as specified in
2-A9-1/Table 3.
9.19.2

A qualification test performed on a butt weld will also qualify for fillet welding within the thickness
ranges specified for fillet welds specified in 2-A9-1/9.5 above.

TABLE 3
Range of Approval for Type of Welded Joint (1 July 2014)
Type of Welded Joint for Test Assembly

Range of Approval

With backing

A, C

Without backing

A, B, C, D

With gouging

Without gouging

C, D

One side
Butt welding
Both side

9.21

Other Variables
Other variables may also be considered in determining the range of approval.

ABS RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING . 2014

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Notice No. 1 July 2014

PART 2

RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING

APPENDIX 9

WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION TESTS OF STEELS FOR HULL

CONSTRUCTION AND MARINE STRUCTURES

ANNEX 1

LOCATION OF CHARPY V-NOTCH IMPACT TEST

FIGURE 1
Locations of V-notch for Butt Weld of Normal Heat Input
(Heat Input 50 kJ/cm) (1 July 2014)
a)

t 50 mm (1)
a

1-2 mm

b c

1-2 mm

2nd side

a b c

1st side

Note:
1

b)

For one side single run welding over 20 mm notch location a is to be added on root
side.

t > 50 mm
a

1-2 mm

b c

1-2 mm

2nd side

b c

1st side

Notch locations:
a: center of weld WM
b:

on fusion line FL

c:

in HAZ, 2 mm from fusion line

FIGURE 2
Locations of V-Notch for Butt Weld of High Heat Input
(Heat Input > 50 kJ/cm) (1 July 2014)
a)

t 50 mm (1)
1-2 mm

b c d

1-2 mm

2nd side

a b c d

1st side

Note:
1

14

For one side welding with thickness over 20 mm notch locations a, b and c are
to be added on root side.

ABS RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING . 2014

Notice No. 1 July 2014

b)

t > 50 mm
1-2 mm

b c d

1-2 mm

2nd side

b c d

1st side

b c

Notch locations:
a: center of weld WM
b:

on fusion line FL

c:

in HAZ, 2 mm from fusion line

in HAZ, 5 mm from fusion line

in HAZ, 10 mm from fusion line

PART 2

RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING

APPENDIX 9

WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION TESTS OF STEELS FOR HULL

CONSTRUCTION AND MARINE STRUCTURES

ANNEX 2

HARDNESS TEST (TYPICAL EXAMPLES OF HARDNESS TEST)

FIGURE 1
Examples of Hardness Test with Rows of Indentations (R) in Butt Welds (1 July 2014)
2 mm
max

2 mm
max
2 mm
max

2 mm
max

2 mm
max

2 mm
max

ABS RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING . 2014

15

Notice No. 1 July 2014

TABLE 1
Recommended Distances Between Indentations for
Hardness Test in the Heat Affected Zone (1 July 2014)
Vickers Hardness Symbol

Distance Between Indentations (mm)

HV 10

The distance of any indentation from the previous indentation is not to be less than
the value allowed for the previous indentation by ISO 6507/1.

FIGURE 2
Example Showing the Position of the Indentations for Hardness Test
in the Weld Metal, the Heat Affected Zone and the Base Metal
of a Butt Weld (dimensions in mm) (1 July 2014)
h

0.5

FIGURE 3
Examples of Hardness Test with Row Indentation (R)
in Fillet Welds and in T-Joint Welds (1 July 2014)

2 mm
max

2 mm
max
2 mm
max

a) Fillet Weld

16

2 mm
max

2 mm
max

2 mm
max

b) T-Joint Weld
ABS RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING . 2014

Notice No. 1 July 2014

FIGURE 4A
Example Showing the Position of the Indentations for Hardness Test
in the Weld Metal, the Heat Affected Zone and the Base Metal
of a Fillet Weld (dimensions in mm) (1 July 2014)
h2

h 0.5

h2

h 0.5

h2

h2

Note:

Where the measurement at less than 0.5 mm of heat affected zone from fusion
is impractical, the greater distance than 0.5 mm may be accepted.

ABS RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING . 2014

17

Notice No. 1 July 2014

FIGURE 4B
Example Showing the Position of the Indentations for Hardness Test
on the Weld Metal, the Heat Affected Zone and the Base Metal
of a T-Joint Weld (dimensions in mm) (1 July 2014)
h
h

0.5
h

Note:

18

0.5

0.5

0.5

Where the measurement at less than 0.5 mm of heat affected zone from fusion is impractical, the greater distance than 0.5
mm may be accepted.

ABS RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING . 2014

Notice No. 1 July 2014

PART 2

RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING

APPENDIX 9

WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION TESTS OF STEELS FOR HULL

CONSTRUCTION AND MARINE STRUCTURES

ANNEX 3

WELDING POSITIONS

Welding Positions According to ISO Standard

a)

Butt Welds for Plates

PA Flat

PC Horizontal Vertical

PG Vertical (downwards)

PF Vertical (upwards)

PO Overhand

ABS RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING . 2014

19

Notice No. 1 July 2014

b)

Fillet Welds for Plates

PA Flat

PC Horizontal Vertical

PG Vertical (downwards)

PF Vertical (upwards)

PO Overhand

Welding Positions According to AWS-Code

a)

Butt Welds for Plates

Plates Horizontal

(A) Test Position 1G

Plates Vertical
Axis of Weld
Vertical

(C) Test Position 3G

20

Plates Vertical
Axis of Weld
Horizontal

(B) Test Position 2G

Plates Horizontal

(D) Test Position 4G

ABS RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING . 2014

Notice No. 1 July 2014

b)

Fillet Welds for Plates

Throat of Weld
Vertical

Axis of Weld
Horizontal
Axis of Weld
Horizontal

Note: One plate must be horizontal

(A) Flat Position 1F

(B) Horizontal Position 2F

Axis of Weld Vertical

Axis of Weld
Horizontal

Note: One plate must be horizontal

(C) Vertical Position 3F

ABS RULES FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING . 2014

(D) Overhead Position 4F

21