Advanced Engineering Math 425 DAY 17 By definition, a complex number is any number expressible in the standard form atbioratjb where: iorj= V-1 Porf=-1 Example: Solve the solution of x + 1 = 0. Simplifying we get x = +V—1 Thus the solutions are i and ~i, Successive integral powers of i or j e@r>eaogp Different forms of complex numbers a. Rectangular form grip were: a= real part b= imaginary part b. Trigonometric form oejraing426 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas ¢. Polar form where: 1 = modulus or absolute value © = argument or amplitude in degrees d. where’ 6 = argument in radians Mathematical operatione: a. Addition and Subtraction of complex numbers Rule: Use the rectangular form ay, + js) + (@2 + jba) = (Gy + az) + j (bs + ba) (200) a ibe) = (er-a) +) 0s-bd) b. Multiplication of complex numbers. Rule: Use the polar form 6 lle ¢. Division of complex numbers )= tite 20, +02) * Rule: Use the polar form nee ae eee =) d. Complex number raised to exponent Rule: Use the polar form (r20F =r"z(n0)Advanced Engineering Math 427 e. n" root of a complex number Rule: Use the polar form where: k= 0, first root or principal root k= 1, second root k=2, third root k=n-1,n™ root f. Logarithm of a complex number Rule: Use the trigonometric form g. Exponential & trigonometric functions of a complex number Note: tan 9 = 509. 086 Note: tan he = $i8h® cosho coshd sinho 1 coshd 1 sinhO cot ho = sec he = esc ho =428 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas i. Inverse trigonometric functions of complex numbers Arc sinz= itn{ it Vi-z" | jin (ex? i A+iz 2 (=z J. Inverse hyperbolic functions of complex numbers Arc cos z Arc tan Are sity = In(zt +1) Arccosh z= a(t =) Are tanh 2 ~ 1in( 1*2 2n\1=2. Matrix is a rectangular array of real numbers arranged in m rows and n columns. The term “matrix” was introduced by the English mathematician James Joseph Sylvester (1814 - 1897) in 1850. The size of a matrix is determined by the number of rows and columns. The expression “m x n' is the dimension or order of the matrix. If the matrix has only one column, itis called a column matrix and if it has nly one row, it is called a row matrix. The following is a 3 x 3 matrix or square matrix (i.e. 3 rows and 3 columns). ese 4 A=|2 1 4 3-2 -2 The first non-zero entry in a row of a matrix is known as the leading entry or the leading element. In the matrix above, 6 is the leading entry. The diagonal from the upper left to the lower right is called the principal diagonal or main diagonal and all entries in the said diagonal are called as diagonal entries. If all entries in a matrix above the main diagonal are zero, then it is said to bo a lower triangular matrix, and if all the entries below the main diagonal are zero, the matrix is referred to as the upper diagonal matrix. 60 0 65 4 60 0 A=|2 1-0 B=|0 1 4 c=|0 1 0} 3-2 -2 00 -2 00 -2) Lower Triangular Matrix Upper Triangular Matrix Diagonal MatrixAdvanced Engineering Math 429 ‘Two matrices are said to be equal if and only if there orders are equal and their corresponding elements are equal. Example: Matrices B and C are equal. 3 2 3 2 teed | ‘Sum of two matrices: If A and B are two matrices of the same order, the sum of A and B, denoted by A + B, is the matrix for which each of its elements is the sum of the corresponding elements of A and B. Example: Find A +B. a-[§ -2 3 a7 A “18 -3 704 Solution 5+4 -2+7 641 95 7 axo-[ 143 8+0 Py 8 Difference of two matrices: If A and B are matrices having the same order, then the difference of A and B, denoted by A~B, is defined as A-B=A+(B) Example: Find A - B. -3 43 at] Ba|7 -5 8 8 2 Solution: 4 -3] [-4 -3 0 -6 A-B=|-5 -1/+|-7 5 |=|-12 4 3 8] [-8 -2] |-5 6 Supposed that.A is a matrix of order m x p and B is a matrix of order p x n, then the product of A and B, denoted by AB, is the n xn matrix for which the element in the ith row and the jth column is the sum of the products formed by multiplying each element in the ith row of A by the corresponding element in the jth column of B.430 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Example: Find DC. ao 413 D=|4 -1 c [ | 125 Dis a3x2 matrix and C is a2 x3 matrix. The product DC can be obtained because the number of columns of D (2 columns) is equal to the number of rows of C (2 rows). The product DC will be a 3 x 3 matrix. 2(-4) +(-3)(-1)_ 21) + (-3)(2)_ 2(3) + (-3)(6)] [-5 -4 -9 DC =| 4-4)+(-N-1) 41+) 4(3)+-N6)|=|-15 2 7 1-4)+ 5-1) (1) + (2) (3) + (8) <9 A415 28, Division of matrices Division of matrices are done by multiplying the numerator by the inverse matrix of the denominator. Let: A and B are matrices A g ~ AB ' where Bis called the inverse matrix of matrix B Transpose Matrix If matrix A is reflected in its main diagonal, so that all rows become columns and all columns become rows without changing their relative order of entries in the rows and columns, the result is a transpose matrix, A’. Example: 4-1 rea So0b Cofactor of an entry of a matrix A cofactor of an entry of a matrix is the same as the cofactor of the same entry in the determinant of the matrix and thus, is defined only for square matrices. Sign conventions: lees = eer Example: Find the co-factor of 6 in the following matrix. 120 A=|2 14 426)Advanced Engineering Math 431 The equivalent matrix is: raed ane a The determinant of A is: det A= b rom: (2)Q)=-3 Thus, the cofactor of 6 is — 3 Cofactor Matrix A cofactor matrix is formed by replacing each element in the given matrix by its cofactor, Example: Find cofactor matrix of A az[> ? Cofactor matrix of A= |1 * are 23 Inverse Matrix Steps required to find for the Inverse Matrix (say. A): a. Form the cofactor matrix of matrix A b. Form the transpose matrix of the cofactor matrix A c. Evaluate the determinant of matrix A d. Divide each elément in the (matrix cofactor)” Example: Find the inverse matrix of A. ae ae A=|2 14 426 -2 4 0 Cofactor matrixA=|-12 6 6 8-4 -3 le (Cofactor matrix A)" = oan o o432. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Aan detA=|2 1 4 426 42 0 6 6 6 -3 DETERMINANTS Determinant is a square matrix (i.e. the number of rows = the number of column). Every determinant can be associated with a real number. Properties of determinants: @ Ifthe rows of one determinant are the same as the columns of another, and in the same order, the two determinants are equal ® |ftwo columns (or rows) of a determinant are interchanged, the value of the resulting determinant is equal to the negative of the value of the given determinant © If two columns (or rows) of a determinant are identical, the value of the determinant is zero. © Ifthe elements of a column (or row) of a determinant are multiplied by k, the value of the determinant is multiplied by k. © Ifthe elements of the jth column of a determinant D are the sum aj+ by, then D is the sum of the determinants D’ and D" in which all the columns of D, D' and D: are the same except the jth; furthermore, the jth column of D’ is aj, i= 1, 2,3,....n, and the th column of D” is by,! = 1, 2, 3,...,. Similarly for rows. © The value of the determinant is not changed if a column is replaced by the column plus a multiple of another column. Similarly for rows. Determinant of a 2 x 2 matrix: deta= f° { k det A = ad—beAdvanced Engineering Math 433 Determinant of a 3 x 3 matrix: ante detA=|d e f > o =o detA=|d e gh = (aei + big + cdh) - (gec + hfa + idb) zoo a d g Determinant of a 4.x 4 matrix: a. Using Pivotal Element method: Example: Find det A. i i ee 2 for 2" row and 2 (ak: 2 for 2" column Jie ce ee 2—-(-4Y(-1)_ 3-(-4)(-2)_ -1-(-4)2)| det A=|3-(2)(-1) -4-(2)(-2) -1-(2)(2)| (1)"” -2-(5)(-1) 1-(5)(-2) 4~(5)(2) 2-5 7/ [2-5 7/246 det A= 0 -5\=|5 0 -5|/5 0 341 -6| [3 14 -6] 3 11 24 3-4 ask) 1 @ 3.2 =4 4434. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Set the encircled numbers to zero by: Multiplying column 2 by 1 and add it to column 4 Multiplying column 2 by 2 and add it to column 3 Multiplying column 2 by -2 and add it to column 4 The new matnx becomes, |-2 5 7 oo 0 As 5 oO -5 3 11-6 2-5 7 A=(1)]5 0 (6) (1)? 3 11,.-6 Set the encircled number to zero by multiplying column 1 by 1 and add it to column 3 Eb 6 «5 — A pe 2for 2 row | ies | 1 for I" column kb 6 aata= (5 | = 5 [(-5)(-3) — (11)8)] 1) det A= 200 { LAPLACE TRANSFORMS ‘The Laplace transform of a function f(t) denoted by ./ | f(t) ]is defined as a function of a variable *s” by the integral: where: t > 0 and s is any number (real or complex)Advanced Engineering Math 435 Laplace transform of some elementary functions: fb) dost 2.2 ett 4. pase 6. e“*sin kt 7. e*cos kt 8. sinat 9. cosat 10. sinh at 11. cosh at 12. tsinat 13. toos at 14, sin (wt +0) 15. cos (wt +8) F(s) , 3 a 2 o nl! net 2, sta eanss (stay! pee (s¥a)? +k? sta (sFa)? +k? ssiné-kcos® st 4k?436 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Bid you Rnow that... The theory of determinants dates back to the ancient Chinese who use bamboo rods in representing the coefficient of unknown quantities, and gain acceptance when introduced in Japan by the 17" century greatest Japanese mathematician Seki Kowa (1642 = 1708). Even if German Mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm von iz. (1646 - 1716) and Swiss mathematician Gabriel Cramer (1704 ~ 1752) gave their valuable contribution to the subject, it was Alexandre-Theophile Vandermonde (1735 ~ 1796) the one regarded as the formal founder of determinant theory! Proceed to the next page for your 17th test. GOODLUCK ! 5Advanced Engineering Math 437 Time element: 4.0 hours Problem 711: ECE Board April 1999 ‘Simplify the expressioni'®% + i'9°° , where i is an imaginary number. 0 =i t+ 1-1 gom> Problem 712: EE Board April 1997 Simplify: (29 +i?" +i 3i 1-1 14i 2i gom> Problem 713: EE Board April 1997 Write in the form a + bi the expression (*”” — (77 + i'* 2i+1 Problem 714: CE Board May 1994 The expression 3 + 4i is a complex number. Compute its absolute value. pop> Noose Problem 715: EE Board October 1993 Write the polar form of the vector 3 + j4. 6253.1° 10253.1° 5253.1° 8253.1° pom>438 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 716: ME Board April 1997 Evaluate the value of V=10 x V-7 . Ai B. -¥70 c. V70 Db. Vi7 Problem 717: EE Board April 1996 Simplify (3 -i)’-7(8-i) + 10 -@+i) 3+i 3-1 -@G-) Problem 718: EE Board April 1996 IfA= 40 eB = 202- 40°, C = 26.46 + 0, solve for A +B +C. pom> 27.7245" 35.1.245° 30.8245" 33.4245" com> Problem 719: EE Board October 1997 What is 4i cube times 2i square? -8i Bi 3 -8i gop> Problem 720: EE Board April 1997 ‘What is the simplified complex expression of (4.33 + j2.5) square? 12.5 + j21.65 20 + j20 15 +)20 21.65 + 12.5 gom> Problem 721: ECE Board November 1998 Find the value of (1+i)® , where i is an imaginary number. 1-1 A B. ~4(1+i) C141Advanced Engineering Math 439 D. 4+) Problem 722: EE Board October 1997 Find the principal 5" root of [ 50(cos 150° + jsin 150°) }. 4.94+j14 3.26 -j2.1 2.87 +j2.1 2.25 -j1.2 g09> Problem 723: ECE Board April 1999 What is the quotient when 4 + 8 is divided byi® 2 al 8+4i 8 +4i 8-4 com> Problem 724: EE Board October 1997 IfA = -2-3i, and B = 3 + 4i, whatis ae 18-1 25 B. -18-i 25 -18 +i 25 18+i 25 Problem 725: EE Board October 1997 443i Rationalize 142i 114101 5 542i > 242i440 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 726: EE Board October 1997 Simpify 2+506=), 3-2)? a 22i-98 169 21+52i B. 13 -7+47i o 8 =90+2201 pee 169 Problem 727: EE Board April 1996 What is the simplified expression of the complex number. 8 es 2 A. -0.32+) 0.66 B. 1.12-j0.66 C. 0.32-j0.66 D. -1.75+) 1.03 Problem 728: EE Board April 1997 Perform the operation: 4 (cos 60° + i sin 60°) divided by 2 (cos 30° + i sin 30°) in rectangular coordinates. ‘square root of 3 — 2i square root of 3 —i square root of 3 +i square root of 3 + 2i pom> Problem 729: EE Board June 1990 50+ (35 +5 Find the quotient of 6.4723" AAT LE 7.47230° 2.47253° gom> Problem 730: EE Board March 1998 Three vectors A, B and C are related as follows: fu2 at 180°, A+C=-5+ 315, C = conjugate of B. Find A. A. 5-j5Advanced Engineering Math 441 B. -10+j10 c. 10-j10 D. 15+)15 Problem 731: EE Board April 1999 Evaluate cosh (iz). 0.707 1.41 + j0.866 0.5 + 0.707 j0.707 pop Problem 732: EE Board April 1999 Evaluate tanh Gy i: A. 05 +i1.732 B. 0.866 Cc. jt.732 D. 0.5 + 0.866 Problem 733: EE Board April 1999 Evaluate In (2 + j3). 1.34 + j0.32 2.54 + j0.866 2.23 +}0.21 1.28 +} 0.98 pop> Problem 734: EE Board October 1997 Evaluate the terms of a Fourier series 2 e!" +2 e7™att=1 2+) 2 4 2+j2 gom> Problem 735: EE Board March 1998 Given the following series: sinx= What relation can you draw from these series?442, 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas cosx+sinx cosx +isinx sx-+ sinx x po —> 2 ie* =icosx +isinx Problem 736: EE Board October 1997 eu term of a Fourier series in cosine form is 10 cos 40nt. Write it in exponential A. 6 elfOxt B. 5 eMOrts Se Moat Cc. 10 eH D. 10 eM Propiem 737: EE Board April 1997 Evaluate the determinant: eae ee 2 128 at 4 pomp cans Problem 738: ECE Board November 1991 Evaluate the determinant: 160 4252 053 110 101 101 140 gomw> Problem 739: EE Board April 1997 Evaluate the determinant. at 126. a1 +3 A. se B33 3-4 -3 -4Advanced Engineering Math 443 489 389 326 452 pom> Problem 740: CE Board November 1996 Compute the value of x by determinant. 4423 20 O23 0-21 145-2 34°75 A 32 B. -28 Gc. 16 D. 52 Problem 741: EE Board April 1997 Given the equations: x+y+z=2 3x-y-22=4 5x 2y+32=-7 Solve for y by determinants, -2 3 0 com> Problem 742: EE Board April 1997 Solve the equations by Cramer's Rule: 2x-y+3z=-3 3x +3y—z= 10 oX-y +254 @,1,-1) 2,-1,-1) (1, 2,-1) 4,2, 1) gom> Problem 743: EE Board October 1997 Bose IfA=|-1 2 4 |, whatis the cofactor of the second row, third column 0-697. element?444. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas [2 A i Problem 744: EE Board October 1997 Siete if A=|-2 -1 0 |, whatis the cofactor with the first row, second column o 2-1 element? -2 | b. 4 Problem 745: EE Board October 1997 If 3x3 matrix and its inverse are multiplied together, write the product. 1 0 O A p19 joo 4 jo o B. jo 0 jo o joo 4 cj 4 HoAdvanced Engineering Math 445 9 Problem 746: EE Board April 1996 1-1 2 x x tom 1 3 |is muttiplied by | y |is equal to zero, then matrix |-y |is o-11 z z gom> bere Problem 747: CE Board November 1997 Given the matrix equation, solve for x and y. Ls able] =4,-2 -4,-6 gom> Problem 748: EE Board April 1996 If matrix [ J | is multiplied by [i] is equal to zero, then matrix P| is pop> o,te Problem 749: EE Board October 1997 5 1 0 O| fA =|6 7 3| andB=( 1 O|, whatisA times B equal to? H 2 5) o4446. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas lo 0 o| B. fo 7 | 1 0 | 6 7 O| c. fs 9 4 2 3 5] 4 5 D. 7 nee Problem 750: EE Board April 1997 ‘ a2} 1 2 Mati | 1 + 2 Mati | 4 |-2 4 A. Matrix 2 | 1 2 B. Matrix 4 | a. cae]? 2 D. Matrix e A eG; Problem 751: CE Board May 1996 pe afte Elements of matic =|) A 1 Find the elements of the product of the two matrices, matrix BC. 1 8 fe i a 1 8 e ie ‘| -10 9 = i a Elements of matrix C = [i ‘‘Advanced Engineering Math 447 fate -20 -4 Problem 752: EE Board October 1997 ae Transpose the matrix|-2 -1 0 Oo 2-1 Bees) A. oO -1 -2 2 1 3 3-2 0 B. 1-1 2 2 Oo -1 ae Ae Cellet te ef 26420 {oer D. -1 .-2 0 2 2 ak Problem 753: Determine the inverse matrix of G 3) - “(2 4) 9 p no mi Problem 754: EE Board April 1997 k divided by [ (s square) + (k square) | is the inverse laplace transform of: cos kt sin kt (e exponent kt) opp448 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas D. 10 Problem 755: EE Board April 1996, EE Board April 1997 The laplace transform of cos wt is s/[ (s square) + (w square) ] w/[(s square) + (w square) ] wi(s+w) s/(s+w) pop> Problem 756: EE Board April 1997 Find the laplace transform of [ 2s +1) ]~[ 4/(s + 3) ]. A. [2e(exp-t)—4e( exp -3t)] B. [e(exp-2t)+ e( exp~3t)] C. [e(exp-2t)-e( exp — 3t)] D. [2 e(exp-t) If 1-2 e( exp -3t)] Problem 757: EE Board March 1998 200 Determine the inverse laplace transform of |(s) =—————____ s? -§0s + 10625 ‘ \(s) = 2e°** sin100t I(s) = 2te™?" sin100t I(s) = 2e-*5t cos 100 \(s) = 2te™5* cos 100t poOp> Problem 758: EE Board April 1997 The inverse laplace transform of s /[ (s square) + (w square) ] is sin wt w (e exponent wt ) cos wt pomp Problem 759: 28-18 +9 Find the inverse laplace transform of as a function of x. 2 cos x- sin 3x 2 cos 3x6 sin 3x 3 cos 2x~2 sin 6x 6 cos x-3 sin 2x gom>Advanced Engineering Math 449 Problem 760: Determine the inverse laplace transform of 4s? 8s ANSWER KEY 711. 724.B 737.C 750.D 712.A 725.A 738.B 751.4 713.6 726.C 739.C 752.B 714.8 727.B 740.B 753.A RATING: 715.C 728.C 741.C 754.B 716.B 729.A 742.C 755.A LJ ua-so Topnotcher 717.D 730.B 743.B 756.A 718.C 731.A 744.D 757.A [_} 30-42 Passer 719.B 732.C 745.A 758.D Ter 720.8 733.0 748.C 759.B [_] 25-25 conditionai 721.B 734.C 747.A 760.A * 722.A 735.B 748.D CI O-24 Failed 723.C 736.8 749.D If FAILED, repeat the test.450 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas SOLUTIONS TO TEST 17 If the exponent of "i" is exactly divisible by 4, then the simplified equivalent of the imaginary number is equal to 1. . Since 20 is exactly divisible by 4 1, since 28 is exactly divisible by 4 MAES Note: iGt = 1, since 424 is exactly divisible by 4 i i i since 16 is exactly divisible by 4 wig i? C)+G1)=2i-1 Let: r= absolute value of the complex no. (a + bi) r= ya? +b? Substitute: r= JQP +(4P =5 EAE The polar form of the complex number, “a + jb” is given by: where: r=Va?+b? and o=tan® =120Advanced Engineering Math 451 Substitute: r= V3? +4? =5 4 @= tan” = =53.1° nt = 53 Thus, the complex number is 5 253.1° v=10= 40 v-1 =V10i V7 =V7 4 =V7i St Substitute: Y=10 xV°7 = \Vi0i)\V7 i)= 70? = V70 (1) =-V70 AIG (3-1)°-7(3-i +11 -6i+?-21+71+10 ~Gi+(-1)—21+ 71+ 10=-3+i @-i) ai 20 + j 34.64 + 15.32 —j 12.855 + 26.46 1.78 + j 21.785 tas (47) QP) = (4)(- (2) (4) = Bi (4.33 + j2.5)? = (4.33)? + 2(4.33)(2.5) + (2.5)°/° = 18. 749 + 21.65 + 6.25(-1) = 12.6 + 521.65 Note: (r20)" =r"Zno ¢ 1 +i = 1.4142 245° (1+ 9° = (1.4142 245°)” = (1.4142)° 25(45%) = 5.656 2225° 4(t +i) MEZA 50 (cos 150° + j sin 150°) = 502150" §502150° = (60)""5 150°(1/5) = 2.186730" 1.893 + j 1.093 O+ itd452 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas on 4+8) | Since? Fi Rationalizing: Multiply the denominator with its conjugate. ‘ 2 -22,()) A+8? 4+ 8) og a = 7) 724. Rationalizing: =2-31 | 3-4i _ -6+8i-91+ 127" _ ~6+8i 9- 121412116 | 9-12+ 121-161) PE 443 ee Rationalizing: aAtSI 2 +i 844i +6437 _ 8+ 41+61+3(-1) _ 5 +101 = +21 Rationalizing: B38 (8) 65 + 1561+ 65i + 1567 5+12i) 25+ 60i-60i- 144i? = 65+ 1561+ 651+ 156(-1) _ -914224 13 _-7+171 =44-)—169—=C 13D LET 8212.5 _6.5222.619° _| 32-30.5° =1.12~ 0.66 5253.13° EZEY 4100580" tisin6o) 4260?» a, 2(c0830°+isin30°) 2230° =1.732+i= /3 +i PEE 50+ 135 _ 61.03235° 5 475. 8+j5 9.43232"Advanced Engineering Math 453 ED) S2cter= 2, thus A=-2B Let B=a+jb;C=a-jb A+C=-5+)15 =2B+C=-5+)15 = 2(a + jb) + (a—jp) =-5 +j15 ~2a=j2b+a-jp=-5+j15 +a-jSb=-5+)15 Thus, A = -2(5~j6) =-10 +) 10 aes ie : Note: e+e"! =2c0s0 1 Euler’s equation + cosh(j) 180° Sx |= 1.4142 oT) 232. stant e*+e* Note: e” +e°® = 2cos0 mee } Euler's equations = 1.732 Thus, conti) Convert (2 +3) to polar form, then to exponential form: 03" 24)8=36266.3°=36e" 180° = 3.60%454. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Let: x= In (2 + j3) x=InB.6e) ~in3.6+ine% x= 1.28 +) 0.98 ~ Let:x=2el! 42910 ‘Substitute: t = 4 x= 2 elOH) 4 2 erOnl x=2(!% 4 eis) Note: e” +e" =2cos@ ra” Euler's equation ee tons) -4 REG Lot: x- ix pe Lon? Go? 0" | (o0® thee Thus, e* = cos x + i sin x e+e =2c088 mr Euler’s equation 0 er? cong = 2 +8 Beltmt 4 ger Hont Ort, @-H40xt 10 cos(40nt) = foe W258 |e, MG =|-2 -1 -2|-2 -4 3 1 4/34 = [(N)-1)(4) + 2)(-2)(3) + (8)-2)(1) — (3)(-1)(3) = (1)2)(1) — (4)(-2)2)) -4-12-6+94+2+16 D=5EE cn Advanced Engineering Math 455 160|1 6 =|42 7/4 2 05 3|0 5 De [(1)(2)(B) + (@)(7)(O) + (0)(4)(5) — (0)(2)(0) — (8)(7)(1) - (3)(4)(6)] +0+0-0-35-72 Re Mh 3iA 5-8 7-2 27-3 3-4 -3 -4 Using Pivotal element method: (Use the second row, first column element as the pivot number). 14-25) 3-2-1) 1-2(3) D=(1)|-2-45) 2-4-1) -3- 18) (-1)?""7 4-36) -3-3(-1) -4-3(3) 45 -5|4 5 D=(1)|-7 3 -6|-7 3 L19 0 -13|-19 0 D = (-4) (64)(3)(-13) + ()B)(-19) + (-5)-7)(0) — -19)(3)-5) = (O)(-6)(4) ~ -13)(-7)5)] = (-1) [186 + 70 + 0 - 285 + 0 - 455] = (-1)(-326) D=326 4uesli-2 58S sie te S]40 3.5.0.4 142 24-5 Multiply column 4 by ~2 and add it to column 1: 3(-2)+45-2 1¢2)+2=0 1¢2)+10=8 5(-2)+14=4 Multiply column 4 pred and add it to column 3: 3¢2)+2=-4 162) +2 1(-2)+0=-2456 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas §(-2)+4=-6 The new matrix becomes, -4 3 : -2 -4 -4 x= : oy ; x=(1)} 8 352 K-94 Ag -8 8 Saas =1 ~4|-2 -1 3 -2| 8 3 2-6| 4 2 (-2)(3)(-8) + (-1)(-2)(4) + -4)(8)(2) — (4)(B)-4) = (2)(-2)(-2) — (-8)(8)(-41)) 98 + 86d + 488 48) 28 LOG xt+y+z=2 3x-y-22=4 5x-2y + 328-7 By Cramer's rule; y Ae Nset 3 -1 -2/3 -1 6-2 3)e 2 D= [(1)€-1)(8) + (1)-2)(5) + (1)(8)-2) - ()-1)(1) — (2)62)1)- B)B)AN] 3-10-6+5-4-9) $e 27 ae: HT = 2 Dy=|3 4 -2/3 4 S27) Slee | = Dy = ((1)(4)(3) + (2)(-2)(5) + (1)(8)-7) — (6)(4)(4) = 67)62)(4)- (8)(3)(2)1 = [12-20-21 -20-14- 18) Dy=-81 Dy “als =2 oh ¥ ys3Advanced Engineering Math 457 26 8 [eek Sst s9. 10-40 14-1 -4 D = [(2)(3)(1) + C1)-1)-1) + (3)(3)1) - C1) )(3), = NEN) - (NBIC D=[6-1-9+9-2+3]=6 -3 +4 3/-3 -1 Dx=| 10 3 -1/10 3 4 4° 4|-4 -4 Dx = [(-3)(3)(1) + -1)-1)(-4) + (8)(10)(-1) — (-4)(3)(3) = CNENES) = (1)(10)-1)] Dx=[9-4-30+36+3+10}=6 x 2-3 3|.2 -3 Dy=| 3 10 -1} 3 10 1-4 -1 +4 Dy = [(2)(10)(1) + 3)-1)-1) + (3)(8)-4) = CAEN) - NBC) Dy=[20-3-36+30 -8+9]=12 -1)(10)(3) 2A -3| 2 Dz-1 3-3 40] 3° 3 <1 -1 -4]-1-1 Dz = [(2)(3)(-4) + -1)(10)-1) + -3)(3)C1) = -1))C3) = €1)(10)(2) - (-4)(3)-1)) Dz=[-24+10+9-9+20-12]=-6 Dz _-6_ 4 Zao D6 Thus, the answer is (1, 2-1).458 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas 234 EM a. 12 ost Let: x = cofactor matrix of A LEH A=|-2 -1 0 o 2-1 Let: x = cofactor matrix of A Of ws 0 ea [eed -4 a x3 matrix = inverse of matrix A AA) =A a = 1 (unity or identity matrix) Note: A unity matrix is a matrix whose elements in the main diagonal are all number 1 100 Unity matrix=|0 4 0 oo1 4-1 2][x ee 2 1 3iiyi=o 0-1 1JLz By inspection, since the resulting product is zero then, x= y =z = 0. mm [2 lel-(s] 100) + Ty) =2 -y w@ 30%) + 2) = Substitute (1) in (2):Advanced Engineering Math 459 x=2-6 [+E By inspection, since the resulting product is zero, x = y = 0. EGER Since matrix B is a unity matrix, then A x B is equal to matrix A. 450 100 460 6 7 3\x oo a Pe “1 EM |? sje | [3 #8 $}-[B23q) Bro] =[ 8 -20 -5 Note: The transpose of a given matrix is formed by interchanging the rows and columns. sot 2 3-2 0 Asl-2 <1 0] Avanguso =|1 <1 2 0 2-1 Ft. KEEN Solving the determinant of the given matrix: 15 29 =10=-1 b Note: For a 2x2 matrix, say, matrix A | . ‘ . its inverse is given by: -b a 9 -5| ie 5 I-[2 21 ikem sin kt= } Formula only460 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas cos wie | Formula +w? Note: e-# = | Formula Helge 2 ee Thus, 2et-4e% «2 4 = k PETA Note: © sinkt = __ } Gatun | Formula eS ee -50s+10625 | (s + 25)? + (100)' eS 759. 2s~18 s?+9 Thus, = 2cos 3x -6sin 3x LEZ By completing the square of the denominator: 43? -85 = 4s? - 28) =4ls?-25+1)-4 = 4(s— 47 -4| wa P| k Note: e* sinh kt Gaga? f Formula 1 Tt Thus, —"— =e! sinnt 487-85 4