Kelly v. McKune, 10th Cir. (2013)
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United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
TENTH CIRCUIT
September 30, 2013
Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
THOMAS ODELL KELLY, a/k/a
Thomas Odell Kelley,
Petitioner - Appellant,
v.
DAVID R. MCKUNE; ATTORNEY
GENERAL OF KANSAS,
No. 13-3137
(D.C. No. 5:11-CV-03233-SAC)
(D. Kan.)
Respondents - Appellees.
ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY*
Before KELLY, HOLMES, and MATHESON, Circuit Judges.
Thomas Odell Kelly, a Kansas state prisoner, appearing pro se,1 seeks to appeal
the district courts dismissal of his 28 U.S.C. 2254 habeas petition and requests the
required certificate of appealability (COA). See 28 U.S.C. 2253(c)(1)(A) (requiring a
COA to appeal a final order in a proceeding under 2241); Montez v. McKinna, 208 F.3d
862, 868-69 (10th Cir. 2000). Mr. Kelly also requests leave to proceed in forma pauperis
* This order is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the
case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive
value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
1
Because Mr. Kelly is proceeding pro se, we construe his pleadings liberally. See
Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94 (2007). [T]his rule of liberal construction stops,
however, at the point at which we begin to serve as his advocate. United States v.
Pinson, 584 F.3d 972, 975 (10th Cir. 2009).
(ifp). Exercising jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. 1291, we deny both requests and
dismiss this matter.
I. BACKGROUND
In 1991, Mr. Kelly pled guilty in Kansas state court to aggravated criminal
sodomy of one victim and attempted rape of another victim. See State v. Kelly, 248 P.3d
1282 (Kan. 2011). After Mr. Kelly entered his guilty plea but before sentencing, his
defense attorney left the public defenders office and a new attorney took over. At
sentencing, the new attorney said Mr. Kelly wanted to withdraw his guilty plea because
Mr. Kelly believed the first attorney had coerced him to plead guilty. The new attorney
also advised the court that he had a potential conflict of interest in the matter because he
had supervised Mr. Kellys previous attorney. The trial court did not address the
potential conflict of interest and instead summarily rejected Mr. Kellys motion to
withdraw his plea, stating that the court had personally heard Mr. Kellys initial plea and
saw no coercion. The court sentenced him to 15 years to life in prison. Mr. Kelly moved
to modify his sentence, and the trial court denied the motion.
Mr. Kelly did not directly appeal his convictions or sentences. Several years later,
he sought collateral relief in state court, but his various attempts were all denied or
dismissed at his request. A federal district court denied his first federal habeas petition in
1994 for failure to exhaust state remedies, and this court affirmed. Kelly v. Stotts, 45
F.3d 439 (10th Cir. 1994); Kelly v. Stotts, 94-3010-DEC (D. Kan. Mar. 10, 1994). He
filed a second federal habeas petition a year later with the same result. Kelly v. Nelson,
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94-3416-DEC (D. Kan. Oct. 26, 1995).
Mr. Kellys next attempts were in 2007 and 2008, when he filed a flurry of
motions in Kansas state court. The Kansas Supreme Court rejected these motions on
multiple procedural grounds, including that they were time barred and procedurally
barred. See State v. Kelly, 248 P.3d at 1284-85.
In 2011, Mr. Kelly again sought habeas relief in the United States District Court
for the District of Kansas, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 2254. The district court identified four
procedural deficiencies:
(1) failure to state the claims with sufficient clarity and allege
adequate facts in support; (2) failure to show full and proper
exhaustion of all available state court remedies on every
claim; (3) procedural default of petitioners claims that were
recently exhausted; and (4) the petition appears to be barred
by the one-year statute of limitations.
Kelly v. McKune, No. 11-3233-SAC, 2013 WL 2102872, at *1 (D. Kan. May 15, 2013)
(hereinafter Dist. Ct. Order). The court ordered Mr. Kelly to: (a) submit an amended
petition to cure the first two deficiencies and (b) show cause why the second two
deficiencies were not fatal to his claims. Mr. Kelly attempted, then abandoned, an
interlocutory appeal of this order. While the interlocutory appeal request was pending in
this court, Mr. Kelly filed Petitioners Opposition to the Memorandum and Order in the
district court (Mr. Kellys Response). Id. at 2.
After reviewing Mr. Kellys Response and the available state and federal court
records, the district court concluded that Mr. Kelly had failed to show why the action
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should not be dismissed as time barred.2 The court cited 28 U.S.C. 2244(d)(1), the
governing statute of limitations for federal habeas actions, which requires prisoners to file
a federal habeas petition within one year of the State court judgment or action. Because
Mr. Kellys 1991 conviction and sentence became final before Congress enacted
2244(d)(1), the district court noted that this one year period began the date of
enactment, on April 24, 1996, and ran on April 24, 1997.3
The district court considered whether Mr. Kelly had made a case for statutory or
equitable tolling. The one-year limitations period may be tolled by statute during the
pendency of a properly filed application for State post-conviction or other collateral
review with respect to the pertinent judgment or claim. 2244(d)(2). Mr. Kelly
asserted that he had filed a motion in state court in 1993 or 1994 that was never resolved,
and that the limitations period should be tolled. The district court rejected this argument.
The district court identified several additional problems fatal to Mr. Kellys
claims. It concluded that Mr. Kelly had failed to comply with the courts order to file an
Amended Petition or to otherwise cure the first two deficiencies outlined above. As a
result, Mr. Kelly failed to show full and proper exhaustion of each of his claims and had
failed to clearly delineate[] what those claims are and their factual basis. Dist. Ct.
Order, at *7.
The district court also considered and rejected Mr. Kellys claim of judicial bias
against him. The court explained that Mr. Kelly had offered no facts to support his
allegations that it had created a faade and myth in its previous order. Id.
3
28 U.S.C. 2244(d)(1) was enacted as part of the Antiterrorism and Effective
Death Penalty Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-132, 110 Stat. 1214 (AEDPA). See Fisher
v. Gibson, 262 F.3d 1135, 1142-43 (10th Cir. 2001) (for convictions that became final
prior to AEDPAs enactment, federal habeas petitions must be filed one year from
AEDPAs effective date, by April 24, 1997).
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It noted that a petitioner is entitled to statutory tolling only during the time period there is
a properly filed application for post-conviction relief pending in state court. Barnett v.
Lemaster, 167 F.3d 1321, 1323 (10th Cir. 1999) (limitations period is tolled during all of
the time during which a state prisoner is attempting, through proper use of state court
procedures, to exhaust state court remedies.). Mr. Kelly presented the court with no
details and no evidence to establish that he filed a tolling-type motion that remained
pending after April 24, 1996. Dist. Ct. Order, at *5. The district court reviewed the
state court docket and concluded that Mr. Kelly had not filed any post-conviction motion
during the limitations period.
The district court also examined Mr. Kellys case for equitable tolling, which is
available only in rare and exceptional circumstances. Laurson v. Leyba, 507 F.3d
1230, 1232 (10th Cir. 2007). A petitioner carries the burden to show that equitable
tolling is appropriate because (1) he has been pursuing his rights diligently, and (2)
some extraordinary circumstance stood in his way. Lawrence v. Florida, 549 U.S. 327,
336 (2007). [F]ailure to timely file [must be] caused by extraordinary circumstances
beyond his control, Burger v. Scott, 317 F.3d 1133, 1141 (10th Cir. 2003), and [a]n
inmate bears a strong burden to show specific facts to support his claim of extraordinary
circumstances and due diligence, Yang v. Archuleta, 525 F.3d 925, 928 (10th Cir. 2008)
(quotations omitted). Mr. Kelly presented no facts to the district court to explain why he
would have been prevented from filing a federal habeas petition within the one-year
limitations period or to show that he had diligently pursued his claims during that time
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or even during the decade immediately following expiration of the limitations period.
Dist. Ct. Order, at *6. He relied instead on vague claims of delay by the state courts in
deciding a motion that is inadequately described. Id. The district court therefore
concluded that Mr. Kelly was not entitled to equitable tolling.
Having concluded that Mr. Kellys habeas petition was untimely and that neither
statutory nor equitable tolling was warranted, the district court denied habeas relief. The
court denied Mr. Kellys request for a certificate of appealability. It also concluded that
Mr. Kelly had failed to present a reasoned, good faith, nonfrivolous argument on the law
and facts to support his appeal. [Second Dist. Ct. Order, at 2 (Aug. 14, 2013).] Thus, the
district court certified that, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 1915(a)(3), any appeal of its order
would not be taken in good faith and ifp status therefore should be denied on appeal. Mr.
Kelly nevertheless requested leave to proceed ifp on appeal.
II. DISCUSSION
Mr. Kelly may not appeal the district courts decision without a COA. See MillerEl v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 335-36 (2003); Clark v. Oklahoma, 468 F.3d 711, 713 (10th
Cir. 2006). To obtain a COA, Mr. Kelly must make a substantial showing of the denial
of a constitutional right. 28 U.S.C. 2253(c)(2). Because the district courts decision
rested on procedural grounds, Mr. Kelly must demonstrate both that jurists of reason
would find it debatable whether the petition states a valid claim of the denial of a
constitutional right and that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the district
court was correct in its procedural ruling. Clark, 468 F.3d at 713 (emphasis added)
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(quoting Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000)).
On appeal, Mr. Kelly dedicates much of his brief to discussing the events leading
to the two charges for which he pled guilty in 1991. As to the untimeliness of his federal
habeas petition, Mr. Kelly repeats the arguments he made in district court. In addition, he
seems to argue that his early state court filings should be considered pending because
they were wrongly decided and because the state court violated his due process rights by
failing to articulate adequate findings of fact and conclusions of law in its order. He
presents several other arguments that are difficult to follow and consist primarily of
statements of legal rules with no supporting facts or arguments.
We do not find merit in any of these arguments. After reviewing Mr. Kellys brief
and the record provided, we agree with the district court that his habeas petition is
untimely and that tolling is not warranted. We also agree that Mr. Kelly has failed to
show that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the district court was correct
in its procedural ruling. Finally, we agree with the district court that Mr. Kelly has not
presented a reasoned, nonfrivolous argument for appeal of this ruling.
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III. CONCLUSION
We deny Mr. Kellys application for COA and his ifp motion, and we dismiss this
matter.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Scott M. Matheson, Jr.
Circuit Judge
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