Indonesia

Jakarta Fishing Port / Market Development Project (IV)

Evaluator1: Takako Haraguchi and
Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries
Site Survey: September 2004
1. Project Profile and Japans ODA Loan

Full view of the port

Project site
1.1 Background

In Indonesia, fisheries sector has played a significant role in economic development.

The nations economic waters2 are 5.8 million km2 with the estimated 6.3 million tons of
sustainable marine resources potential of wide variety. In 1991, total fish catches
amounted to 3.4 million tons, which was the worlds ninth largest. However, due to the
underdevelopment of fisheries infrastructures and other factors, utilization of marine
resources has not been optimal.
The development of Jakarta Fishing Port (JFP) started in

Figure 1: JFP right after the

opening of the port (1984)

late 1970s. Phases I and II of the JFP project funded by ODA

loan

developed

basic

port

infrastructures

and

some

fisheries-related facilities such as an auction hall for fish

supply to Jakarta City and backland for fish processing
industry, all on the reclaimed ground in northern Jakarta. The
Phase II project completed in 1984, and the port started

Source: Project consultant

operation in the same year. An engineering services loan

(Phase III) followed in 1985 and developed a master plan to enable JFP to fulfill the
functions of (i) a fishing port, (ii) a market center, (iii) a site for the establishment and
1

Jakarta Fishing Port / Market Development Project (IV) is jointly evaluated by Ms. Takako Haraguchi,
the consultant appointed by Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) and the Ministry of Marine
Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF), the executing agency of the project with facilitation by JBIC and the
Directorate of Monitoring and Fund Evaluation, National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS).
2
Territorial water and economic exclusive water.

development of fisheries-related industry, and (iv) a waterfront recreation zone for people
of Jakarta and the surrounding. Subsequently, the government of Indonesia developed
several port facilities such as a new jetty and wholesale market.
Meanwhile, the demand for tuna in international market increased rapidly in late 1980s,
and the role of JFP, which was located near the international airport and equipped with
facilities for handling fresh and frozen tuna, became more important than before.
1.2 Objectives
Upgrading sanitary facilities and port infrastructure of the Jakarta Fishing Port (JFP) in
northern Jakarta in order to improve the quality of fishery products landed and/or
processed in the port premises, to cope with the increasing handling of fish, especially of
export tuna, and to enhance the convenience for port users, thereby promoting fishery
industry at the port and contributing to the development of fisheries in Indonesia.
1.3. Borrower/Executing Agency
The Republic of Indonesia / Directorate General of Capture Fisheries (DGCF), Ministry
of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) (former Directorate General of Fisheries,
Ministry of Agriculture)
1.4 Outline of Loan Agreement
Loan Amount
Disbursed Amount
Exchange of Notes / Loan Agreement
Terms and Conditions
- Interest Rate
- Repayment Period (Grace Period)
- Procurement

4,009 million yen

3,960 million yen
October 1993 / November 1993
2.6% p.a.
30 years (10 years)
General untied
(Consultant service is procured as
partially untied)
December 2002
PT. WASKITA KARYADAITO KOGYO.

Final Disbursement Date

Principal Contractors
(Goods and Services)
Principal Contractors
Pacific Consultants International.
(Consulting Services)
Project Identification and Preparation 1974 JICA F/S
Study (such as Feasibility Study (F/S) 1977 Engineering Service (E/S)
1979 Phase I Loan Agreement (L/A)
1980 Phase II L/A
1985 Phase III (E/S) L/A
2004 Rehabilitation and Improvement L/A

2. Evaluation Results
2.1 Relevance
2.1.1 Relevance of the project plan at the time of appraisal
The Fifth Five-year National Development Plan (REPELITA V: 1989-1993) aimed to
increase fishery production, improve quality of fishery products and promotion of fish
export. Development of fishery infrastructure was set out as a means to achieve these
objectives.
The project was to develop/ upgrade port facilities and utilities of JFP and thus of high
priority among the above-mentioned development policy.
2.1.2 Relevance of the project plan at the time of ex-post evaluation
Improvement of yield and quality of fishery products remains one of the objectives in
the current National Development Plan (PROPENAS: 2000-2004).
Following the growing importance of fisheries

Table 1: Indonesias fishing ports in

operation as of 2003

development, the Ministry of Marine Affaires and

Fisheries (MMAF) was established out of the Ministry

Type

No

Type A (Ocean fishing port)

of Agriculture in 2001. MMAF set out the Fishery

Type B (Archipelago fishing port)

11

Sector Development Policies and Programs (2003),

Type C (Beach fishing port)

13

National

which aims at rehabilitation/ development of fishing

and marketing infrastructure as one of its objectives.

Provincial
Type D (Fish landing place)

Also, the Master Plan for Development of Capture

National

Fisheries (2003) developed by the Directorate General

of Capture Fisheries (DGCF) of MMAF, the current
executing agency of the project, sets forward the
development/ rehabilitation of national fishing ports.

Provincial
Total

10
687
190
497
716

Note: Shaded area shows national fishing

ports/ landing places.
Source: MMAF

As JFP is categorized as one of the five Type A (Ocean) national fishing ports (Table
3

1) , its development constitutes part of the above-mentioned Master Plan. Therefore, the
project, which was to further develop/ rehabilitate the facilities of JFP developed in
earlier phases, is still of significance.
2.2 Efficiency
2.2.1 Outputs
Outputs planned at the time of appraisal were as follows.

The other Type A national fishing ports are in Kendari (Southeast Sulawesi), Belawan (North Sumatra),
Bungus (West Sumatera) and Cilacap (Central Java).

(1) Port facilities. Construction of -7.5m quaywall, dredging of waterway and port basin,
rehabilitation of revetment, rehabilitation/ construction of slipways, etc.
(2) Buildings and utilities. Construction of sewage treatment plant (STP), foul sea water
cleaning system, sea water intake & supply, waste/ refuse disposal incinerator, auction
hall etc. and upgrading/ expansion of drainage, water supply system, public toilets, roads
and parking and electric and lighting works, etc.)
(3) Other related facilities. Rehabilitation of existing buildings, dormitory, fishing gear/
outfitting repair yard, etc.
(4) Consulting engineering and supervisory services.
All expenses in foreign currencies and part of expenses in local currencies were to be
financed by JBIC.
Most of the major outputs were completed as planned. In addition, some facilities were
constructed/ rehabilitated. These include the replacement/ rehabilitation of bitts and
fenders, extension of the Wholesale Market, construction of Tuna Landing Center4 and
multi-purpose building (Muara Baru Center 5 ). Also, as an additional activity of the
consulting services, the first Indonesias Fisheries White Paper was made for the
newly-established MMAF. Construction of some facilities such as dormitory for port staff
and waste/ refuse disposal incinerator were cancelled (reasons for changes are described
in Table 2).
These changes were to address the needs identified through detailed design and the
establishment of MMAF.
Table 2: Reasons for major changes in Phase IV project outputs
Changes
Replacement/ rehabilitation of existing bitts and

Reasons
They were damaged or lost, inhibiting safe and efficient berthing

fenders
Expansion of the wholesale market

The space was insufficient to accommodate traders

Construction of Tuna Landing Center

To cope with the increasing demand for fresh tuna

Construction of multi-purpose center

The existing shop area suffered from land settlement

Procurement of operation and maintenance equipment

To improve port operations

(e.g. towing tractors)

Development of the Fisheries White Paper (Addition

(Addition to Consulting Service) To strengthen

to Consulting Services)

newly-established MMAF

Cancellation of construction of dormitory

The existing lodging facility was underutilized.

Cancellation of

The policy was changed so as to dispose wastes outside the port.

waste/ refuse disposal incinerator

Source: MMAF
4

Tuna Landing Center is a set of 29 units built near the east-side quay for landing and packing fresh tuna
for export.
5
Mara Baru Center consists of two buildings to accommodate shops for fishing gear or other necessary
commodities for people visiting/ working at JFP.

Figure 2: Layout map of JFP

Source: MMAF

2.2.2

Project Period

The total duration of the project implementation was 108 months from November 1993
to October 2002. The duration for the implementation of the originally-planned outputs
was 92 months until June 2001, which was 155% of the planned duration.
The major reasons for the delay include a delay in selection of the consultant (i.e. delay
in approval of direct appointment) and a delay in the tender for civil works due to a
fluctuation of bidding prices following the Asian economic crisis that started in 1997.
Nevertheless, the construction stage was successfully accelerated to avoid further delays.
2.2.3

Project Cost

The total project cost was 4,108 million yen as against the originally-planned 4,717
million yen, mainly due to the depreciation of local currency exceeding inflation. For the
same reason, however, the project cost in terms of local currency increased more than
threefold.
Figure 3: Unloading activities of local
fishing vessels

2.3 Effectiveness
The expected project purposes were defined as (i)
the improved quality of fishery products due to the
improved sanitary and hygienic conditions of the port
premises,

(ii)

the

increased

handling

of

fish,

especially of export tuna, by increasing the capacity

of port facilities for the said type of fish6, and (iii) the enhanced convenience for port
users. From the following findings, it can be said that these purposes were generally
attained and thus the project was effective.
2.3.1 Improvement of the quality of fishery products due to better sanitary and
hygienic conditions of the port premises
It was observed in the site survey that the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the port
premises were improved compared to before the project. The followings are some of the
major points observed.
(1) Control of sodden ground with foul water. Before the project, waste water from fish
processing companies or other entities operating in the port was discharged directly to
open ditch, which frequently flooded due to poor drainage and the inflow of sea water
from the subsided east-side revetment.
At present, the sewage treatment plant (STP) constructed by the project treats 650 m3
of waste water everyday. Also, there has been no flood on the east side of the port
premises since the revetment was rehabilitated and the drainage was upgraded by the
project. As a result, the sodden ground including the industrial area with foul water
decreased.
However, the capacity utilization rate of STP is still 65% as some companies are not
yet connected to sewer despite port regulations. Also, it was observed that some people
from the informal sector (e.g. food stall, etc.) were dumping garbage into ditch.
Figure 4: Ground of the port in 1996 (left) and 2003 (right)

(2) Cleaning capability of port facilities directly handling landed fish. The auction
hall and landing/packing facilities, which used to be cleaned using foul water taken from
the port basin, are now frequently cleaned with sea water filtered by the sea water intake
6

Although the development activities for JFP as a whole aims to cope with the increase in the total fish
handling volume including fish brought by land and non-tuna fish catches, it is considered that the expansion
of the port capacity by the Phase IV project was mainly directed to fresh or frozen tuna longline fishing
vessels and frozen tuna carrier vessels. On the other hand, the Phase IV activities to increase sanitary
conditions and convenience are directed to all types of fishing vessels as well as fisheries related industry.

and supply facility constructed by the project.

Fresh tuna unloaded from around 30GT long-line fishing boats are immediately
washed/ packed at the sheds that were built close to the eastern quay7, and directly
transported to the Jakarta International Airport for export. Ideally, fresh fish for export
should be cleaned using fresh water, but that is not possible under the current condition
where water supply from the Jakarta City is insufficient8.
(3) Removal of garbage and oil from the port basin. The foul sea water cleaning
system developed by the project is a simple devise to collect oil and garbage in the port
basin using daily tidal differences and to skim them manually. During the site survey, it
was observed that the system is operated everyday and certain amount of garbage and oil
were removed, but garbage were still floating on the water. Fishing boats parked near the
intake of the system block the inflow of some garbage.
(4) Sanitation of the wholesale market and the auction hall. As a result of the elevation
of the floor and upgrading of the drainage facilities, water on the floor of the wholesale
market and the auction hall became better drained.
Figure 5: Facilities to improve sanitary and hygienic conditions of the port

Sewage treatment
Plant (STP)

Auction hall cleaned using

filtered sea water

Intake of foul sea water

cleaning system

As for the quality of fish unloaded/ processed in JFP, information was only available
from the beneficiary survey for 82 people working at JFP or living nearby9. In the survey,
majority of the respondents said that cleanliness and hygiene of all major facilities except
sea water in the port have improved. Out of 72 respondents working at JFP, 30 persons
answered that fish quality has improved. There was a trend that the improved quality was
pointed out more by workers at fish processing companies (12 out of 21) than other types
7

Part of the sheds was constructed by the Phase IV project as the Tuna Landing Center.
According to the project consultant, the demand of JFP for fresh water is about 2,500 ton/day, but the
actual supply from the Jakarta City Administration is limited to around 1,500 ton/day. The shortage is
covered by purchasing water from outside water sellers at a price almost three times higher than the public
rate.
9
The respondents consist of 11 fish wholesalers and 10 retailers at the Wholesale Market, 20 crew members
of fishing boats, 5 tenants, 5 port workers, 21 workers of fish processing companies and 10 nearby
households.
8

of

respondents.

Also,

all

three

processing

companies interviewed mentioned a rise in fish

Figure 6: Opinions on fish quality as

compared to before the project
Better

price along with the improved quality.

No change

Worse

Don't know

Worker at industry
Worker at JFP
Tenant
Crew member
Retailer
Wholesaler
0

10

15

20

25

Source: Beneficiary survey

2.3.2 Increased capacity of port facilities mainly for export tuna

The construction of -7.5m quaywall increased berthing capacity for two kinds of large
vessels: (i) 300GT class frozen tuna long-line fishing vessels and (ii) over 1,800GT
refrigerated carriers mainly for frozen tuna to be transshipped from the said type of
long-line vessels and exported by sea. Also, the Tuna Landing Center enabled more fresh
tuna to be shipped by air. As a result, port use by frozen tuna long-line vessels increased,
and so did the handling volume of export tuna.
(1) Visit of large fishing vessels and refrigerated carriers. The -7.5m quaywall was
designed so as to accommodate 8 frozen tuna long-line fishing vessels of 300GT class
simultaneously or a total of 120 vessels annually. According to the statistics of the port
authority10, entrance of vessels of over 200GT to JFP, mainly consisting of frozen tuna
long-line, increased from 97 in 1996 to 131 in 2003, while the total number of vessels of
all kind remains around 4,800. On the day of the site visit, 9 frozen tuna long-line vessels
were berthed to the -7.5m quaywall.
As for over 1,800GT refrigerated carriers, several vessels of this kind used to visit JFP
every year even before the project, but the transshipment was carried out offshore because
no quaywall had enough depth for them. After the project, the -7.5m quaywall can
accommodate one vessel of this kind, and 13 vessels visited JFP in 2003. However, they
are not berthed to the quaywall and transshipment is still carried out outside the port as
before. A reason for it could be the existence of permanently-berthed non-fishing boats
such as a research boat and a fuel boat, suggesting that the berth utilization is not
optimal11.

10

The port authority in this report refers to UPT-PPSJ, an operation and maintenance agency under DGCF
(see 2.5.1 Executing Agencies and O&M Agencies).
11
From the MMAFs document, the average length of stay of vessels of all types could be calculated at 9
days. On the other hand, based on the control record of JFP as of June 2003, it is estimated that the simple
average is 16.3 days and the median is 9.5 days.

Figure 8: Number of vessels

entering to JFP

Figure 7: -7.5m quaywall being used by frozen

tuna long-line fishing vessels

Number of vessels

8,000

200

6,000

150

4,000

100

2,000

50

0
1996

1999

Total

2002

200GT and over

Source: MMAF

(2) Handling of export tuna and other types of

Figure 9: Fish handling volume at JFP

fish. Handling of export tuna increased from 12,000

100,000

tons in 1999 to 14,311 ton in 2003, which is

80,000

equivalent to 60% of tuna landed at Misaki Port in

60,000

Kanagawa Prefecture, the second biggest tuna port

in Japan. On the other hand, total handling volume

14,500
14,000
13,500
13,000
12,500
12,000
11,500
11,000

40,000
20,000
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

of fish including shrimps and various local fish at

Total

export tuna

JFP has decreased since 2000: it was 78,100 tons

(52,000 tons from sea12 and 26,100 tons from land)

Source: MMAF

in 1996 and 37,600 tons (32,000 tons from sea 13 and 5,600 tons from land) in 2003. Also,
in response to the beneficiary survey question about the change in fish handling volume
compared to before the project, 37 out of 72 respondents working in the port premises
answered decreased, and 18 respondents answered no change14. According to several
concerned parties, this downward trend could be explained by natural conditions,
deconcentration of fishing vessels to other fishing ports that are under development as
well15, subsidence of quaywall (see 2.5.2 O&M status), and the poor condition of the
access road to JFP (i.e., traffic jam and floods) 16.
12

Equivalent to the 13th biggest fish catches at Japanese fishing ports in 2002.
Equivalent to the 21st biggest fish catches at Japanese fishing ports in 2002.
14
Meanwhile, the project consultant estimates that the above-mentioned figures from the port authority
might represent a third of the actual handling volume. Indeed, the wholesale market, where fish landed at
JFP or brought from all over Indonesia are traded, is still fully occupied with more than 900 wholesalers, and
nearly 10,000 people visit the market every night, which is equivalent to nearly one third of daily visitors to
the fish market of Tokyo Metropolitan Central Wholesale Market (Tsukiji Central Wholesale Market) in
Japan. The evaluator visited the wholesale market during the peak hours at around 22:00. The 6,400m2
marketplace was very busy and it was difficult to walk in the congested corridor.
15
As per stipulated in the Master Plan for Development of Capture Fisheries mentioned in 2.1 Relevance.
Also, fish handling at other ports in Jakarta City (operated by the City Administration) shows increase since
2001.
16
Another factor that might affect future tuna catches is that Indonesia has recently joined international
committees for preservation of marine resources, namely the Commission for the Conservation of Southern
13

2.3.3 Enhancement of the convenience for port users

As a result of the rehabilitation, upgrading and construction of port infrastructures and
utilities, the convenience of JFP for its users enhanced (Box 1). According to the
beneficiary

survey,

majority

of

the

72

respondents working in the port premises

acknowledged

the

enhancement

of

the

convenience of major port facilities compared

to before the project (Figure 10). Also, all of
the

three

interviewed

fish

processing

companies mentioned the improvement of

security by the betterment of the entrance gate,
road and lighting.

Figure 10: Opinions on convenience of port

facilities as compared to before the project
Better

No change

Worse

Don't know

Toilet
Wholesale
market
Landing/loading
facility
Quaywall and
breakwater
0%

50%

100%

Source: Beneficiary survey

Box 1: Illustration of the enhanced convenience of JFP by use of the Phase IV facilities
9 Parking for the wholesale market. At night, the parking was full of trailer trucks that
brought fish from provinces.
9 Auction hall. Rehabilitation of the floor and construction of an approaching slope made
carrying of fish catches from the quaywall to the auction hall smoother. 6 out of 20 crew
member respondents to the beneficiary survey said they use the auction hall.
9 Slipways. The number of vessels repaired at JFP increased from 132 in 2001 (when the
rehabilitation/ construction of slipways were completed) to 221 in 2003.

2.3.4 Recalculation of internal rates of return

(1) Financial internal rate of return (FIRR). The FIRR value calculated at the time of
the appraisal was 9.0%. In the ex-post evaluation, the recalculated FIRR turned out
negative when including costs and benefits associated with the Phase IV project, and
6.5% when including costs and benefits associated with the whole Phase I IV projects 17.
This result is understandable considering that most of the outputs of Phase IV were public
facilities/ utilities that are not revenue-making18.
Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT) in 2001 and the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) in 2002, both as a
Cooperative Non-member State. Accordingly, monitoring of tuna landing at JFP started.
17
On the cost side, project investment cost and operation and maintenance (O&M) cost were included. On
the benefits side, revenue from port operation was included. In the former case of FIRR recalculation, share
of revenue from Phase IV was estimated in proportion to the ratio of the project cost for this Phase to the
total cost for Phase I-IV.
18
The possible reasons for the lower FIRR recalculation than at the appraisal are as follows: (i) in the
calculation made at the appraisal, revenue from the whole JFP facilities including those developed in earlier

10

(2) Economic internal rate of return (EIRR). The EIRR value calculated at the time of
the appraisal was 17.2%, and the recalculated value at the time of the ex-post evaluation
was 18.7%. While the assumptions made at the appraisal were not clear in the existing
documents, the recalculation counted incremental sales of export tuna due to the increase
in volume and price in the benefit.

Box 2: Outcomes and impacts of the development of Jakarta Fishing Port

1. Outcomes
(1) About 80-hectare area of land was created in the location that used to be the sea, and a
world-class fishing port complex was built there.
(2) The improved port facilities enabled to increase the size of fishing vessels, which led to the
expansion of fishing grounds they could explore, thereby serving to exploit the 200-mile
economic zone to the maximum extent.
(3) JFP provides fishing vessels with safe mooring berths and areas for repairing vessels,
bunkering, and repairing fishing gear.
(4) As ice-making machines and refrigerators have come to be widely used, marine products can
stay fresh and this has made possible more effective utilization of marine resources.
(5) The distribution system of marine products has improved, enabling fishermen, brokers and
retailers to participate in fisheries distribution on an equal footing.
(6) The appearance of a fisheries industry site with infrastructure, including water and sewage
treatment facilities, electricity, port and public freezing facilities, in place has provided an
environment conducive to private capital investment.
(7) More than 40 thousand people are working at the JFP.

If their family members are

included, the JFP is supporting the lives of more than 150 thousand people.
(8) As much of the marine product processing industry requires manual work, the JFP provides
stable work, particularly, for many women.
(9) Value added products by processing marine resources have contributed to increasing exports.
Thus they help generate foreign currency earnings.
(10) The annual consumption of marine products per person increased from about 12 kilograms at
the time the project was being planned to more than 20 kilograms today.

The project has

thus contributed to an increased intake of animal protein and a stable supply of food.
(11) The coastal promenade and fishing points at the revetment provide recreation spots for
citizens.
(12) Mangrove and abundant green have created a good landscape.
(13) The modern sewage treatment facilities have served as a model for other ports.

Local

phases and those planned in the Master Plan of 1988 but not realized in the Phase IV project were counted in,
while the cost only included the O&M cost for those facilities; and (ii) actual port operation revenue might
have been lower than estimated at the appraisal due to the above-mentioned decrease in total fish handling
volume.

11

Japanese school students visited them in a field trip for social study.
(14) The unique water purification system and other facilities are used as teaching materials for
college students studying civil engineering.
2. Sustainability
(1) In 1980 when work began, there was virtually no modern fishing port in Indonesia.

The

client had been well aware that human resources are an important factor for operating this
modern port effectively, even if there was no quality problem in the construction work, as it
was implemented by Japanese consultants and a Japanese construction company.

The client

hired people right out of college as the staff of the consulting team as well as the
construction company for 4 years.

These people subsequently remained as key members

for operating the JFP, which seems to be the reason for its prosperity today.

As they know

every detail of the facilities, had pride in building them by themselves and love the JFP, their
operations started with success.
(2) When the JFP was opened, fishermen landed their catches at scattered locations.

Fishermen

were relatively conservative, and they did not easily move to a new fishing port.

The

person in charge of this matter in the client provided a structure along the quay at affordable
prices for shrimp processing operators who had been making their meager living in the back
of the JFP.

With almost no initial investment, they could start processing shrimp promptly

and in a clean condition only by putting up simple partitions.

After a few years, they built

their own plants in the back of the JFP, effectively serving as a pioneer for the processing
complex.
(3) In 1986, the Jakarta central fish market was set up inside the JFP compounds.

This has

helped to concentrate all marine products traded in the city in the JFP, elevating it to the
center of trading marine products.
(4) Although catches had been traded from person-to-person since 1991, full-fledged auction
was instituted, which started trading on an equal footing.

Until then, gangster groups had

been actively involved in trading.

(5) It was expected from the very beginning that subsidence will become a problem, given that
reclamation took place on soft soil.

Consultants designed countermeasures and succeeded

in assisting the client to draw additional financing from the OECF.

had been submitted for 4 straight years running.

The request application

Finally, at the 5th time, it was approved by

the Japanese government, and the phase IV project was implemented.

If there was no phase

IV project, the JFP would have become a flooded with water and turned into a dirty fishing
port.
(6) The consultants who had been involved since 1978 continued to work, paid attention to
problems arisen at the JFP, and took measures to address them.

This has led to the success

of the project today.

(7) The client set up a state-run public fishery corporation for facilities that may be operated on
a commercial basis, and let it manage the JFP and other 8 ports.

12

Public facilities that do not

generate revenues have been operated and maintained directly by the government.
(8) As the phase IV project was completed, JBIC-funded consulting services are currently under
consideration to improve O&M.
(9) Pumping groundwater from the surrounding areas resulted in subsidence at the depth deeper
than the bearing strata of foundation piles.

Thus the quaywalls supported by these piles

sank by more than 50 centimeters in 20 years.

In 2003, JBIC decided on a loan to take

measures that deal with this problem.

Source: Report submitted to the award for development projects in commemoration of the 40th
anniversary of the Engineering Consulting Firms Association, Japan (ECFA) (The project was
commended by the award.)

2.4 Impacts
2.4.1 Increase in operation of fishery industry at JFP (Achievement of the overall
goal mainly by the Phase IV project)
Although the current total fish handling volume shows a downward trend, the upgraded
infrastructure of the port and industrial area of JFP attracted fishery industry.

The

number of private companies operating at JFP, including fishing and fish processing
companies, ship-repair services, ice-makers, various shops and canteens, increased from
over 10 in 1994 to over 100 with more than 10,000 employees in 2002. Accumulated
private investment to JFP exceeds 20 billion yen19 as of the same year, which is more
than the total costs for Phase I-IV JFP development projects.
2.4.2 Contribution to national fisheries development (Achievement of the overall
goal by the whole JFP development projects including earlier phases)
At the time of the appraisal, Indonesias national fisheries development targets
included the followings: (i) to increase export of fishery products (both food and
non-food such as ornamental fish and pearl) to US$2.4 billion in 2002; (ii) to raise the
GDP share of the fisheries sector from 1.8% in 1993 to 2.8% in 2002; and (iii) to increase
annual per capita fish consumption from 6.2kg in 1994 to 19.2kg in 1998.
Actual performance of the fisheries sector by the time of the ex-post evaluation was as
follows: (i) export of food and non-food fishery products is fluctuating at around US$ 1.6
billion, making Indonesia the twelfth largest fish exporter as of 2002; (ii) GDP share of
the fisheries sector reached to 3.1% in 2001 20 ; and (iii) annual per-capita fish
consumption increased to 23.6kg in 2002.

19
20

Estimated by the project consultant.

At 1993 constant price.

13

Fish handling at JFP constitutes part of the above-mentioned statistics: fish handling
volume at JFP accounts for 1% of the national fish catches of 5.6 million tons (the sixth
largest of the world) in 2002, and the fish export value from JFP accounts for 5% of the
national food fish export of US$ 1.5 billion in 1999. In looking at these statistics,
however, it should be noted that a simple comparison of fish catches or values is difficult
as they are generally unstable being affected by various factors such as natural conditions
and international market.
2.4.3 Impacts on natural environment
There are no negative impacts of the dredging and

Figure 12: Woman at wholesale

market

the disposal of dredged soil on the surrounding area

reported. Also, treatment of waste water from fish
processing companies could have mitigated sea
pollution, though data on the quality of sea water was
not available.
In addition, mangrove trees planted on the west
side revetment improved the landscape and promoted
conservation of natural environment, while saving the cost for civil works.

Figure 11: West-side and east-side revetment

West-side revetment covered with mangrove trees

East-side revetment

2.4.4 Impacts on social aspects

(1) Creation of a place of recreation. One of the intended functions of JFP is to serve as
a recreation area for people of Jakarta. The project improved the landscape of the east
side revetment by constructing a wide footway, planting trees and flowers along the
coastal road and around the impounding reservoir (where cleaned water in the port basin
is discharged), as well as restoring the Indonesias oldest lighthouse built in 1630. People
were seen fishing, taking a rest under a tree and strolling along the coast.

14

(2) Contribution to poverty alleviation. JFP has increased employment opportunities:

total population working at JFP, including management personnel, fisherpersons,
employees for fish processing companies, wholesalers and retailers, shopkeepers, etc.,
exceeded 40,000 in 2002. In the beneficiary survey, 41% of the respondents working at
JFP answered that their living conditions improved before and after the project, while
34% said there was no change. Given that the serious economic crisis hit the people
during the project period, these answers could be interpreted that having a job at JFP
enabled them at least to maintain their living conditions as before the crisis and thus
contributed to the curb of the spread of poverty.
(3) Contribution to increased job opportunity for women. Many women are working at
JFP, mostly either as employees of fish processing companies or tenants at shops or the
wholesale market.
2.5 Sustainability
A certain extent of sustainability of outcomes and impacts of the JFP development
projects including earlier phases was observed.
2.5.1 Executing agency and operation and maintenance (O&M) agencies
JFP is under the control of MMAF (executing agency), and operated/ maintained by
UPT-PPSJ (UPT), MMAFs branch office, and PERUM-PPS Cabang Jakarta (PERUM),
state-run public fishery corporation. From the following information, it is likely that these
organizations have capabilities to operate and maintain the project facilities.
Figure 13: O&M organization chart

2.5.1.1 Technical capacity

Problems are not seen in the technical

State Minister for

State Enterprises

MMAF

capability of UPT and PERUM for O&M of the

project facilities, as most of them are basic
infrastructures and utilities.

Secretary
General

PERUM
Central

DGCF
Executing agency

JFP
UPT
PERUM
Jakarta

2.5.1.2 O&M system

O&M responsibility for JFP has been divided
between the above-mentioned two management
bodies since 1992: UPT responsible for public

O&M agencies

Commercial
facilities

Public
facilities

Source: MMAF

facilities and utilities and PERUM for commercial facilities. The current division of roles
between the two organizations is defined in the Decree of Ministry of Agriculture No.
1082/Kpts/OT.210/10/99 about Working Relation between UPT and Other Institutions

15

Concerning Fishing Port Management (1999). The demarcation at present still follows
this Decree, and is the same as the one proposed at the appraisal 21.
Information regarding operation of JFP is collected and reported to MMAF monthly.
However, it was found in the survey that some information such as prices of tuna, volume
of transaction at the wholesale market and investment and performance of private sector
operating in the port premises is not complete.
2.5.1.3 Financial status
(1) UPT. As UPT is a government organization, its budget comes from the national
budget. According to MMAF, the necessary annual O&M cost for the port facilities under
the responsibility of UPT is estimated at approximately 1.6 billion Rp. The budgeted
O&M expenses from UPT is 0.4 billion Rp for 2004, which accounts for 10% of its total
annual budget or 25% of the above-mentioned necessary O&M cost. In addition to this
budget, UPT can appropriate its port entrance fee income, which is once transferred to the
national budget and then withdrawn on quarterly basis, to cover a deficit in O&M
expenses22. In 2004, the estimated entrance fee income amounts to 5 billion Rp.
(2) PERUM. PERUM is run on a stand-alone basis. All port income excluding entrance
fee belongs to it23. The O&M cost to be borne by PERUM is fully recovered by its port
income, and annual operating profit remains in surplus of 2.9-4.9 billion Rp over these
three years.
2.5.2 O&M status
According to UPT, the conditions of the project facilities are mostly good or fair except
the following: (i) land settlement causing cracks in some buildings and floods on some of
the old quays24; and (ii) some amount of reduction of water supply volume (leakage)
between the relay pump station constructed by the Phase IV project and the reservoir
constructed by an the government of Indonesia and rehabilitated by the Phase IV project.
The former problem was confirmed in the site survey, but it will be dealt with by the JFP
Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (Phase V) approved in 2004. As for the latter,
investigation has not yet done.
21

However, some issues are reported such as lack of comprehensive O&M guidelines defining individual
O&M works, ambiguity over responsibility for control of quaywalls and sanitation issues, etc. Therefore,
JBIC has addressed MMAF several times to further clarify the division of O&M responsibilities between the
two organizations.
22
In 1999, collection of port entrance fee was transferred from PERUM to UPT.
23
Port income includes rents, usage of facilities such as quaywall, cold storage, workshop and slipways and
sales of necessities such as ice, fuel, water and oil.
24
According to MMAF and the project consultant, the reason for the land settlement is over pumping of
ground water in Jakarta City.

16

3. Feedback
3.1 Lessons Learned
3.1.1 The mangrove plantation on the west-side revetment of JFP was effective for
realizing an environment-friendly and cost-saving port infrastructure. This was possible
because the west-side revetment was located at the river mouth, where fresh-water and
salt-water mix25. In this way, bank protection works could consider revetment covered
with vegetation using species suitable for the environment of the site.
3.2 Recommendations for the Executing agency and O&M Agencies
3.2.1 MMAF and UPT might need to enforce regulation on port use more thoroughly
for improved cleanliness and hygiene of the port and more efficient berthing of fishing
vessels.
3.2.2 UPT and PERUM could consider taking measures to ensure fresh water for
improving hygiene of the port and thus the quality of fishery products. Possible measure
might include an investigation and control of the above-mentioned water loss and
invitation of wastewater reuse plants or seawater desalination plants.
3.2.3 MMAF might need to take initiative in strengthening the system of information
sharing and utilization among UPT, PERUM and private sector operating in JFP by
fulfilling the current reporting system to MMAF. This would enable these entities to grasp
the overall state of JFP more easily, and the utilization of such information would
contribute to a better operation of the port as well as attract more investment.

25

Mangrove trees grow in swamps that are covered with seawater at high tide.

17

Comparison of Original and Actual Scope

Item

Plan

Actual

1.1 Port facilities

Construction of -7.5m quaywall, rehabilitation of revetment

and breakwater, etc.

Mostly as planned
Additional: replacement/
rehabilitation of bitts and
fenders and breakwater

1.2 Buildings and

utilities

Construction of sewage
treatment plant, foul sea water
cleaning system, sea water
intake & supply, waste/ refuse
disposal incinerator, etc. and
upgrading/ expansion of
drainage, water supply system,
etc.

Mostly as planned
Cancelled: incinerator
Additional: Expansion of
wholesale market, construction
of multi purpose center
buildings and canteens

1. Outputs

1.3 Other related

facilities

1.4 Consulting
services

2. Project Period
1.1 L/A conclusion
1.2 Selection of
consultant
1.3 Engineering

Cancelled: dormitory and repair

Rehabilitation of existing
yard
buildings, dormitory, fishing
Additional: operation and
gear/ our fitting repair yard, etc.
maintenance equipment
Professional A: 122MM
Professional B: 285MM

Professional A: 155.9MM
Professional B: 477.8MM
Additional: Development of
Fisheries White Paper

Nov. 1993
Dec. 1993 Dec. 1994

As Planned
Sept. 1994 May 1996

July 1994 Oct. 1995

June 1996 Apr. 1997

(Add ition al: Ju l. 2 001 - Oct. 2 001)

1.4 Tender/
contract
1.5 Construction

Oct. 1995 Sept. 1996

Oct. 1996 Sept. 1998

Nov. 1996 Mar. 1998

Apr. 1997 June 2001
(Add ition al: Nov. 2 001 Oct. 2002 )

3. Project Cost
Foreign Currency
Local Currency
Total
ODA Loan Portion
Exchange Rate

2,467 million yen

2,250 million yen
(38,138 million Rp)
4,717 million yen
4,009 million yen
1 Rp = 0.059 yen
(as of 1993)

2,508 million yen

1,611 million yen
(102,822 million Rp)
4,108 million yen
3,960 million yen
1 Rp 0.016 yen
(average rate from
1995 to 2002)

18