A manual in HOPE exclusively made for the University of Southern Mindanao Senior High School
CHAPTER 1
UNDERSTANDING PHYSICAL EDUCATION
OBJECTIVES:
1. Relate the historical foundations of Physical Education and its legal basis in the
Philippine Setting;
2. Define and explain the concept of Physical Education; and
3. Enumerate and discuss the functions, objectives, and goals of Physical
Education.
TOPICS:
1. Historical Foundations of Physical Education and its legal basis in the
Philippine Setting
2. Definition and Concept of Physical Education
3. Objectives of Physical Education
4. Major Goals of Physical Education
A manual in HOPE exclusively made for the University of Southern Mindanao Senior High School
Topic 1: Historical Foundations of Physical Education in the Philippines
THE PRE SPANISH PERIOD
Aborigines of the Philippines, the Negritos or Aetas, had a way
of life the same or similar to any other people living in a
primitive society. They were nomadic or wondering tribes who
lived mainly by hunting with an expert use of the bow and
arrow.
The motivations for Physical Activities were for survival in
connection with their quest for food and protection against a
hostile environment. They had to run, jump and climb so these
activities kept them physically fit.
THE SPANISH REGIME
Spanish and other European dances were introduced, such
as the Fandangos, Curachas, Jotas of Spain, Polkas,
Mazurka of Europe, and the Rigodon and Lanceros of France
which were danced only by people of high social standing in
the community.
Ceremonial dances were performed during religious events or
festivals such as Santa Cruz de Mayo or Santacruzan. Games
were played after the procession on the Santacruzan such as
Pabitin, Palo Sebo, and Juego de Anillo where men riding on
the horseback. The young girls played sungka, siklot, piko,
luksong tinik, and hide and seek. On the other hand, young
boys plaed patintero, sipa, top spinning and kite flying.
A manual in HOPE exclusively made for the University of Southern Mindanao Senior High School
THE AMERICAN PERIOD
The following dates mark the significant events during this
period:
-
1901 Physical Exercise was one of the subjects
introduced in the public schools, and a regular athletics
was developed.
1905 Baseball and track and field were introduced
and taught to the young boys in school.
1909 The athletic program for the schools was
inaugurated and much emphasis was given to the
playing of western sports and the coaching of tennis.
1910 Basketball was first introduced as a game for
girls in the carnival Meet in Manila, but was later
discontinued in 1914 because it was found very
strenuous for the girls.
1911 The Athletic Handbook was published which
prescribed a few simple group games and relays in the
first part, while the second part contained the rules for
baseball,
basketball
for
girls,
volleyball,
indoor
baseball, track and field, and lawn tennis.
-
1919 A syllabus entitled Physical Education: A
Manual for Teachers was published which was
submitted by a special committee of superintendents
and edited by FREDERICK O. ENGLAND, then
playground director of the City of Manila.
A manual in HOPE exclusively made for the University of Southern Mindanao Senior High School
THE TRANSITION YEARS TO THE PRESENT
Five-year Physical Education and Sports Development
Program was launched by the Secretary of Education, HON.
CARLOS P. ROMOLO in the Department Order No. 15,
Series of 1967 entitled Physical Education and Sports
Development program which was considered the greatest
push forward ever made which gladdened the hearts of
Physical Educators in the Philippines.
Republic Act No. 5708 known as The School Physical
Education and Sports Development Act of 1969 was
approved by Congress on June 12, 1969. This act provided
for the promotion and financing of an integrated Physical
Education and Sports Development Program for the schools
in the Philippines which contained these program of activities:
-
A program of health education and nutrition;
A program of Physical Fitness for all pupils;
A program of competitive athletics;
A program of intramural and inter-unit athletic
competition within the schools, districts and
provinces; and
An annual athletic competition within and
among the regions.
The passage of the abovementioned Act was highly
significant because the once-neglected area of Physical
Education and Sports was brought to the fore and when given
the necessary emphasis can bring this area to the level of
other subjects in the academe.
A manual in HOPE exclusively made for the University of Southern Mindanao Senior High School
Topic 2: Legal Basis of Physical Education in the Philippines
1. Article 1 of the International Charter of Physical Education and Sports,
UNESCO, Paris, 1978 and Recommendation 1, Interdisciplinary Regional
Meeting of Experts on Physical Education, UNESCO, Brisbane Australia, 1982
State that The Practice of Physical Education and Sports is a
Fundamental Right for all, And this right should not be as different in
principle from the right to adequate food, shelter, and medical care.
2. Article 14, Section 19 of 1986 Constitution of the Philippines states that The
State shall promote Physical Education and encourage sports program,
league competitions, and amateur sports including training for
international competitions to foster self-discipline, teamwork, and
excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry. All
educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities
throughout the country and in cooperation with athletic clubs and other
sectors.
Topic 3: Meaning of Physical Education from different ERAs
1. Old Concept of Physical Education
Education of the Physical where a well-built physique was
considered as a physically educated body. It simply means
Physical Strength.
Figure 1 shows the Old concept of Physical Education.
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2. New Concept of Physical Education
Education through Physical Activities.
Education through Movement. It includes a culture-based,
family activities and processes such as games, dance,
gymnastics,
athletic
sports,
and
outdoor
pursuits.
(Wunderlich, 1967)
Aims to enhance and harmonize the physical, intellectual,
social and emotional aspects of an individual through a
professionally selected and directed Physical Activities.
Figure 2 shows the New concept of Physical Education.
Topic 4: Definition, Functions, Goal, Objectives of Physical Education
A. Definition of Physical Education
Now-a days, Physical Education Defined as An integral part of the
Educational Program designed to promote the optimum development of the
individual physically, socially, emotionally, and mentally trough total body
movement in the performance of properly selected Physical Activities.
(Andin, 1988)
B. Three (3) Functions of Physical Education
a. Biological Function Refers to the enhancement of the
individual growth and development through body movement.
b. Integrative Function Refers to personality integration
achieved through participation in properly selected Physical
Education activities. It provides relaxation and relief from strains
A manual in HOPE exclusively made for the University of Southern Mindanao Senior High School
and tensions, provide opportunities for socialization, as well as
the development of the mental capacities of the individual.
c. Social Function Refers to the transmission of values and
standards that are consistent with the needs and ideals of the
society.
C. Major Goal and Objectives of Physical Education
FITNESS it is the major goal of Physical Education considering its
implications for physical, social, emotional and mental well-being.
Furthermore, it is the ability to live healthy, satisfying, and useful life.
This kind of life is what the educational philosophers and thinks
termed as Good Life. Good Life means that an individual satisfies
his basic needs as physical well-being, love, affection, security and
self-respect.
Objectives of Physical Education:
a. Physical Development An Individual, who participates actively
in different carefully selected Physical Education activities,
develop and maintains Good Health and a high level of Physical
fitness. The acquisition of physical skills, can motivate an
individual to participate further in physical activities, hence, his
growth and development will be enhanced.
b. Social
Development
provides
opportunities
for
the
development of desirable social traits needed for adjustments to
the social life in general. Some worthwhile traits are:
i.
Friendliness
ii.
Cooperation
iii.
Respect for the rights of others
iv.
God leadership
v.
Good leadership.
vi.
Honesty in group competition.
A manual in HOPE exclusively made for the University of Southern Mindanao Senior High School
c. Emotional Development offers opportunities for selfexpression and emotional mastery. Examples of worthwhile
emotional traits are:
i.
Self-confidence
ii.
Self-control
iii.
Self-reliance
iv.
Courage
v.
Determination
d. Mental Development it provides opportunities for individual to
develop his mental capacities as he learns the mechanical
principles underlying movement, as his knowledge and
understanding of rules and strategies games and sports, and as
he discovers ways of improving his movements in gymnastics
and dance.
