A Study on the stress level of private bus drivers

PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
MUHAMMAD ANEES KP
ROLL NO:21
Submitted to
Mr. ISSAC GEORGE
Lecturer
Department Of Management Science
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the award of
the degree of
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Under
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
MES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
KUTTIPPURAM, KERALA
PIN: 679573
2010

DECLARATION

I, MUHAMMAD ANEES KP do hereby declare that this project report entitled “A

Study on the Stress level of the private bus drivers is a bonafide work done f
or the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Ma
ster of Business Administration of Calicut University.

Kuttippuram MUHAMMAD ANEES KP

Date:
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO:
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
2 PROBLEM OF THE STUDY
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
4 DATA ANALYSIS
5 FINDINGS
6 SUGGESSIONS
7 CONCUSIONS

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY

Buses are one of the most key transport modes in

almost everycityin India.These buseshave become the lifeline of daily commuters
who are largely dependent on these city buses totravel from one place to anothe
r on a routine basis. Private bus are the life line for the state ofkerala. They
provide a luxurious journey at a cheap rate compared to the charges charged ino
ther states of the country.when we talk about this so called bus culture in the
southernmost state of Kerala then the
story gets more crampedKerala buses are the most often zipping machines which ru
n amok on almost all streets in the state honking every now and then.
This mode of transport is serving the city goers fr
om a long time, but the other side of the story is far more scary and horrible.
Well, if you have ever been into these buses then you might have experienced the
nerve wrecking feel. These buses run so fast in all busy and narrow lanes as if
a racing action is going on. Putting the passenger’s life at stake these city b
uses rush on like a fire brigade or ambulance, as if they have to make it throug
h the record books. What more? These buses on usual days can be seen jam-packed
with passengers, many even holding on to the doors of the bus, not even bothered
about their lives.

You can hear the sound of a bell after every five minutes signalling a stop. Th
e conductor keeps on pulling the string tied to the bell which is fixed near the
driver’s cabin. So if the bell rings for one time it means a halt and two times
points to move on.
After the gruelling session of travelling through such cha
llenges you somehow luckily make it to your desired destination and that too saf
e and sound. Well this is just a peek to the daily extreme bus journeys most of
the working population of God’s Own Country make to reach their work station or
destination Private buses in Kerala will soon be tracked through global position
ing system (GPS) and passengers will get all the information they need virtually
on their fingertips.The Kerala State Bus Operators Federation, with a fleet of
20,000 buses plying across the southern state, has hired fleet management servic
es provider Dhanus to install the automatic vehicle locator and asset protection
system.Both passengers and service operators will be able to track buses on a s
pecific route, its timings and other details on their computers or on mobile han
dsets using a web-interface or a mobile WAP interface.Within a year, the entire
fleet of the KBOF will be equipped with the tracking system that helps monitor t
he buses constantly by sending real time information.

Private buses in Kerala will soon be tracked through gl

obal positioning system (GPS) and passengers will get all the information they n
eed virtually on their fingertips. The Kerala State Bus Operators Federation, wi
th a fleet of 20,000 buses plying across the southern state, has hired fleet man
agement services provider Dhanus to install the automatic vehicle locator and as
set protection system. Both passengers and service operators will be able to tra
ck buses on a specific route, its timings and other details on their computers o
r on mobile handsets using a web-interface or a mobile WAP interface. Within a y
ear, the entire fleet of the KBOF will be equipped with the tracking system that
helps monitor the buses constantly by sending real time information.
To mitigate the sufferings of the travelling public, presence of private operato
rs is a must. Hence the very thought of making road transport the monopoly of th
e State should be decried. Moreover, the KSRTC is in the red. It could not so fa
r cater to the needs of the people satisfactorily, though its role of alleviatin
g the sufferings of the travelling public cannot be underestimated. Due importan
ce should be given to the KSRTC. Monopoly ownership of the transport system does
not auger well for the public or the State. The best course the State can adopt
is to limit the operations of the KSRTC to long-distance routes so that short-d
istance routes can be earmarked for private transport operators. There is no rat
ionale in the nationalisation of new routes. The Government can think of bifurca
ting the KSRTC into four or five separate companies, as is the case in Tamil Nad
u. Importance of private transport operators cannot be minimised in the present
contest where the number of travelling public is increasing day by day. But givi
ng a free hand to private operators is not
worthy of consideration, for private monopoly will lead to unhealthy competition
among
private operators.

CURRENT ROAD CONDITION IN KERALA

The road condition in Kerala as improved a lot co
mpared to the last decade. The roads have been rubberised and its maintenance wo
rks are carried out yearly. But the road in the state are not enough to have a s
mooth and accident free environment. The roads are not developed as the number o
f vehicle on road are increasing. There no proper signals and and basic necessit
y things to have a smooth travel. Compared to our neighbouring states we have a
poor road condition. The width of the national highways in kerala are very narro
w, and due to this only accidents in our state stands first in the country Regar
ding the rules and regulations, most of the rules are not fully followed by the
people due to lack of facilities to maintain the rules to be followed. The condi
tions of the roads are not improved due to the lack of redtapism and corruption
in the state. The funds ment for the renovation of roads are not used effectivel
y
The study was conduct at bus drivers for to know st
ress of bus divers in 2010.This study based on questionnaire.The study is conduc
ted to analyze the stress of private bus drivers, reasons for road accidents, tr
affic rules, facilities in bus stands, habits of bus drivers and advantages & di
sadvantages of speed governor.

The study was an attempt to analyze the stress level of private b

us drivers in pattambi . Since, drivers have faced very stress from all sides,
 it is one of the most important problem bus drivers. For the study, the tool
s like trend Analysis, table representation were used. From the study, it is fou
nd that the most of drivers facing stress from all sides. But, they have capabil
ity to face this stress.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

Primary Objectives:
• To find out the Stress level of private bus drivers.
• To find out cause of road accidents.

Secondary objective:
• To understand current traffic system.
• How much affect physical, family and financial problems to bus drivers.
• To understand facilities in bus stands.
• To find out habits of bus drivers.
• To find out present attitude public towards private bus operators.
• To find out advantages and disadvantages of speed governor.

CHAPTER 2

PROBLEMS OF THE STUDY

 PROBLEMS OF THE STUDY :-
• The data collected only from 15 bus drivers .
• Project duration was limited to 2 day.
• The study is based on questionnaire, it may be wrong.
• Data of K.R.T.C were not available for comparison.

CHAPTER 3
 METHODOLOGY

Research methodology
RESEARCH DESIGN
A research design is a basis of framework, which provides guidelines for
the rest of research process. It is the map of blueprint according to which, th
e research is to be conducted. The research design specifies the method of study
. Research design is prepared after formulating the research problem
Type of Research
Descriptive Research
The study is primarily based on surveys. it port
rays accurately the characteristics of particular individual and it determines t
he frequency of occurrence of such events. Descriptive Research is concerned wit
h describing the characteristics of a particular individual or of a group. Here
the researcher attempts to present the existing facts by collecting data.
POPULATION
Population or Universe is the aggregate of all units possessing certain
specified characteristics on which the sample seeks to draw inferences. Here th
e Universe constitute privet bus drivers in pattambi..
SAMPLING METHOD
Convenient sampling was used to collect data from the sample
SAMPLE SIZE
The sample size was 15.
Sources of Data
Data are the raw materials in which marketing research works. The task
of data collection begins after research problem has been defined and research d
esign chalked out. Data collected are classified as primary data.
Primary data
The data were collected from primary source, it collected direct fro
m bus drivers through questionnaire. Primary data are those which are collecte
d afresh directly from the field, which is original in character.
Here primary data was collected by employing questionnaire. It c
ontained objective as well as descriptive questions. Each question was framed to
meet the nature of the objectives. To control the response bias and to increase
the reliability of the data, a structured questionnaire was used. The advantage
s of using this approach were simplicity of data processing, analysis and interp
retation. The questionnaire is in the form that the respondent is given a limite
d number of alternate responses from which he was to select the one that mostly
matches his opinion or attitude. The questionnaire was made with regard to the c
ustomers.

CHAPTER 4

DATA ANALYSIS

Tools for Analysis:-

The tools used for the study is Trend Analysis
TREND ANALYSIS
It is an effective tool used for analyzing financial statements.
Trend percentages are quite helpful in making a comparative study of the financi
al statements for several years. Under this method, percentage relationship that
each item in the statement bears to the same item in the base year is computed.
For this purpose, the earliest year involved in comparison or the latest or any
intervening year may be taken as the base year. Its objective is to show the di
rection of the change- upward or downward.
PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING TRENDS
• One year is taken as a base year. Generally, the first or the last is ta
ken as base year.
• The figures of the base year are taken as 100.
• Trend percentages are calculated in relation to base year. If a figures
in other year is, less the figure in base year, the percentage will be less than
100 and it will be More than 100 if the figure is more than base year figure. E
ach year’s figure is Divided by base year’s figure

The interpretation of trend analysis involves a caution

study. The mere increase or decrease in trend percentage may give misleading res
ults if studied in isolation. An increase in of 20% in current asset is may be t
reated as favorable. If this increase in current assets is accompanied by an equ
ivalent increase in sales may not increase profits if the cost of production has
also gone up.
The base year should be carefully selected. The base
period should be a normal period. The price level changes in subsequent years ma
y reduce the utility of trend ratios. If the figure of the base year period is s
mall, then the ratios calculated on this ratio may not give true idea about the
financial data. The accounting procedures and conventions used for data and prep
aration of financial statements should be similar; otherwise, the figures will n
ot be comparable.

Representation:-
Spread sheets, Tables, charts and figures are used for representation.

Table : 1
How long have you started your career?
<1yr 1-2yr 2-3yr >4yr
In unit 1 3 5 6
Total % 6.67% 20% 33.33% 40%

Inference:
From the table, we can infer that out of 15respondents 40% have above 4 years
of working experience, 33.33% have 2-3 years of experience.20% respondents have
1-2 years experience and only 6.67% have below 1 year experience.

Table 2
Working hours
6-7hrs 7-8hrs 8-9hrs 9-10hrs >10hrs
NO OF HOUR 4 11
TOTAL % 26.67% 73.33%

Inference:
From the table, we can infer that out of 15respondents 73.33% have above 4 hou
r of working in a day, 26.67% have 9-10 hour of experience.

Work Load
Greater extend Great extend Moderate extend Less extend Very les
s extend
No of unit 9 6
TOTAL % 60% 40%
Table 3

Inference:
From the table, we can infer that out of 15respondents 60% greater extend and re
st 40% great extend work load.

Table 4
Conflict with others
Greater extend Great extend Moderate extend Less extend Very les
s extend
No of unit 4 4 6 1
TOTAL % 26.67% 26.67% 40% 6.67%

Inference:
From the table, we can infer that out of 15respondents 26.67% have great extend,
26.67% moderate extend, 40% have less extend and 6.67% have very less extend.

Table 5
Stress from Police Officers
Greater extend Great extend Moderate extend Less extend Very les
s extend
No of unit 1 1 7 6
TOTAL % 6.67% 6.67% 46.67% 40%

Inference:
The analysis shows that 6.67% greater extend, 6.67% moderate extend, 46.67% less
extend and 40% very less extend stress from police officers.

Table 6

Stress from Passengers

Greater extend Great extend Moderate extend Less extend Very les
s extend
No of unit 3 6 5 1
TOTAL % 20% 40% 33.33% 6.67%

Inference:
The analysis shows that 20% great extend, 40% moderate extend, 33.33% less exten
d and 6.67% very less extend stress from passengers.

Table 7

Stress from other Private Bus Services in the same route

Greater extend Great extend Moderate extend Less extend Very les
s extend
No of unit 4 9 2
TOTAL % 26.67% 60% 13.33%

Inference:
The analysis shows that 26.67% greater extend,60% great extend, 13.33% moderate
extend stress from other privet bus survice in same rout..
KSRTC Bus Services
Greater extend Great extend Moderate extend Less extend Very les
s extend
No of unit 7 4 2 2
Total % 46.67% 26.67% 13.33% 13.33%
Table 8

Inference:
The analysis shows that 46.67% greater extend,26.67% great extend, 13.33% modera
te extend and 13.33% less extend stress from other ksrtc bus service in same ro
ut..
Table 9
Road Condition
Greater extend Great extend Moderate extend Less extend Very les
s extend
No of unit 10 5
Total % 66.67% 33.33%

Inference:
The analysis shows that 66.67% greater extend,33.33%% great extend have from roa
d condition

Table 10
Traffic Rules
Greater extend Great extend Moderate extend Less extend Very les
s extend
No of unit 4 4 2 5
Total % 26.67% 26.67% 13.67% 33.33%

Inference:
The analysis shows that 26.67% greater extend,26.67% great extend, 13.33% modera
te extend and 33.33% less extend stress from traffic rules.

Table 11
Cabin Heat
Greater extend Great extend Moderate extend Less extend Very les
s extend
No of unit 10 4 1
Total % 66.67% 26.67% 6.67%

Inference:
The analysis shows that 66.67% greater extend,26.67% great extend, 6.67% moderat
e extend cabin heat.
Table 12
Reason for accident
Drivers Carelesns Poor road situation Traffic Rules Comptn f
rm otr buses
No of unit 9 3 3
Total %
60% 20% 20%

Inference:
The analysis shows that 60% reason is poor road condition 20% from traffic rule
s and 20% from competition of buses.

Table 13
Personal factors
Greater extend Great extend Moderate extend Less extend Very les
s extend
No of unit 6 5 4
Total %
40% 33.33% 26.67

Inference:
The analysis shows that 40% greater extend,33.33% great extend, 26.67% moderate
extend personal factor.

Table 14
Family Problem
Greater extend Great extend Moderate extend Less extend Very les
s extend
No of unit 5 6 4
Total %
33.33% 40% 26.67%

Inference:
The analysis shows that 33.33% great extend,2, 40% moderate extend and 26.67% l
ess extend stress from family problem.
Table 15
Financial Problem
Greater extend Great extend Moderate extend Less extend Very les
s extend
No of unit 5 2 3 4 1
TOTAL % 33.33% 13.33% 20% 26.67% 6.67%

Inference:
The analysis shows that 33.33% greater extend,13.33% great extend, 20% moderate
extend and 26.67% less extend and 6.67 very less extend stress from financial
problem.
Table 16
Are u getting enough time to spend with ur family?
Strongly Agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree
Stronlgy Disagree
no of unit 1 1 8 5
Total%
6.67% 6.67% 53.33% 33.33%

Inference:
The analysis shows that 6.67% of respondents are agree, 6.67% of respondents ne
ither agree nor disagree, 33.33% strongly disagreed, 53.33% disagreed .
Table 17
The facilities available in the bus stand are comfortable or not?
Strongly Agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree
Stronlgy Disagree
No of unit 5 4 3 3
Total %
33.33% 26.67% 20% 20%

Inference:
The analysis shows that 26.67% of respondents agreed, 33.33% strongly agreed, 20
% disagreed and 20% of rests are neither agree nor disagreed

Table 18
The present attitude of the public towards the Private Bus operators is positive
/good?
Table
Strongly Agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree
Stronlgy Disagree
No of unit 4 8 3
Total % 26.67% 53.33% 20%
Inference:
The analysis shows that 26.67% of respondents agreed, 53.33% neither agreed nor
disagree, 20% disagreed

Table 19
Do you have any of the following habit?
Hans Alcohol Smoking
No of unit 4 3
Total % 26.67% 20%

Inference:
The analysis shows that 26.67% people use hans and 20% people using smoke.

Table 20
Started these habits after becoming driver?
Yes No
No of unit 4 3
Total % 26.67% 20%

Inference:
This shows 26.67% people starting this habit after becoming driver and rest 20%
before as a driver.

Table 21
Do you feel that speed governor will reduce accidents?
Strongly Agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree
Stronlgy Disagree
No of unit 3 6 4 2
Total %
20% 40% 26.67% 13.33%

Inference:
The analysis shows that 20% of respondents agreed, 40% neither agreed nor disag
reed, 26.67% disagreed and 13.33% of rests are strongly disagreed
CHAPTER 9

FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS

FINDINGS

• The reason for road accidents are poor road condition and careless bike
drivers.
• The family matters does not create more stress to bus drivers. it affect
very less when driving.
• Drivers didn’t get sufficient time for rest. They didn’t get time to spe
nd with family.
• The available traffic rules is not sufficient. The traffic rule have to
change.
• The bus conditions not efficient, that create stress to bus drivers. Mos
t bus owners doesn’t do bus test properly.
• The students create problems to bus workers, they create problems on the
basis students concession.
• The speed governor is crate some problems to driving. it create problems
mainly in highways.

SUGGESTIONS

• The main reason for road accident is poor road condition. So the govern
ment should consider this fact and make road as good and more effective.
• Today student’s concession is a problems. So ksrtc buses also provide su
fficient rate concessions.
• The bus owners should provide sufficient time to bus drivers, the driver
s does not work more than 8 hours which said by labor law.

CHAPTER 10
CONCLUSION

SUMMARY

After studying different aspects and dimensi

ons which affect the stressof privatebusdrivers it is clear that time is the pri
me concern which causes stressintheir work life. Afterinterviewing the drivers i
t is clear that drivers are forced to increase speed because of the timefactor,
whereas most of them are not willing to increase speed. The main stresses on dri
vers arecaused as they have to reach each point in a specified time as instructe
d before by the owner ofthe bus. Even their salaries are not fixed on the collec
tion they are forced to increase speed. Most of the drivers find time to spend w
ith their family and they try their maximum to satisfytheir needs and wants and
from this they get a good relief from their work.
The time of each journey in much high comparing to other ty
pe of works, most of them work for more than 12 hrs a day, and this time period
really causes stress in their works.the drivers work more number of days in a mo
nth as they will be paid more. They are forced to work on even festival days.As
the road condition in concerned, the drivers comment that the current roadsinthe
stateare not satisfactory as the roads are not improving as number of vehicles
on the road are
increasing day by day. But most of them are willing to drive the bus according t
o rules.As the KSRTC Bus service are not according to their schedule most of the
drivers agrees that they are causing stress in their work.The study was an atte
mpt to analyze the stress level of private bus drivers in pattambi . From the st
udy, it is found that the most of drivers facing stress from all sides. But, the
y have capability to face this stress.
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• Kothari C.R. Reseparch Methodology, New Delhi, New Age Internatio

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