Chapter 31
Basic process control strategies
In a simple control system, a process variable (PV) is measured and compared with a setpoint value
(SP). A manipulated variable (MV, or output) signal is generated by the controller and sent to a final
control element, which then influences the process variable to achieve stable control. The algorithm
by which the controller develops its output signal is typically PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative),
but other algorithms may be used as well:
Decides
Controller
Senses
Influences
Measuring
device
Final control
device
Reacts
The Process
This form of simple control may be improved upon and expanded for a greater range of process
applications by interconnecting multiple controllers and/or redirecting measurement and control
signals in more complex arrangements. An exploration of some of the more common control system
configurations is the subject of this chapter.
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