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2.rank of Matrix - PAQ Form, Normal Form

The rank of a matrix A is the largest integer r such that there exists a non-zero minor of A of order r. The rank is less than or equal to the size of A. If the rank equals the size, the inverse of A exists. A matrix can be reduced to its normal or canonical form using elementary row operations, where the normal form is an upper block matrix with an r x r identity matrix and zeros elsewhere. A matrix A can be written as PAQ where P and Q are non-singular matrices such that PAQ is in normal form.

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5K views2 pages

2.rank of Matrix - PAQ Form, Normal Form

The rank of a matrix A is the largest integer r such that there exists a non-zero minor of A of order r. The rank is less than or equal to the size of A. If the rank equals the size, the inverse of A exists. A matrix can be reduced to its normal or canonical form using elementary row operations, where the normal form is an upper block matrix with an r x r identity matrix and zeros elsewhere. A matrix A can be written as PAQ where P and Q are non-singular matrices such that PAQ is in normal form.

Uploaded by

Shubham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Matrices

Rank of the Matrices

Theory

Rank of matrix:-

Minor of matrix:Let A be an m x n , select any r rows from matrix


and then choose columns from these r rows ,there by we get
square matrix of order r x r.| | is called minor of order r.
Rank of matrix :Let a be non-zero matrix , then integer r is
called rank of a if :() There if ther exists atlist a minor of order r , which is nonzero
()Every minor of order greater than r is zero.
(i)Rank < order of A
|A| = 0 Inverse does not exists
(ii)Rank A = order of A
|A| 0 Inverse exists.

Normal form or canonical matrix:Let A be an m x n matrix of rank r, then A can be



reduced to the form of [
] by performing elementary

operation on A.
1

Matrices

Rank of the Matrices

Theory

This form is called normal or canonical form of A.

Reduction of a matrix A to normal form PAQ :


Theorem :
If A is a matrix of rank r then there exist nonsingular matrices
P and Q such that PAQ is in normal form Ir0 00 .

Note : (1) P and Q are not unique.


(2) If A is m n matrix write A = Im A In.
In order in reduce A into a normal form whatever row
operations we are performing on A same row
transformations should be performed on Im and
whatever column transformations we are performing on
A same column transformations should be performed on
In.

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