Car test
T
TESATE
UPD
R0027A
See also R9612 and R9959
May 2000
VW 3-cylinder diesels
HIS ISNT THE FIRST THREE-CYLINDER
diesel in modern times Daihatsu had one under
the bonnet of the Charade in the early eighties.
However, this state-of-the-art VW diesel has come to
fruition as part of a project to demonstrate how frugal and
environmentally considerate future motoring can be.
In 1.2 litre/61bhp guise, installed in a special version
of the Lupo (not yet on sale here in the UK), VW claims
that its fuel consumption will average 3 litres per
100km (i.e. 94 mpg) in the official tests hence the
title Lupo 3L(itre).
To achieve such frugality, VW has virtually
reconstructed the model, so that although it looks similar
to any other Lupo, in fact it bristles with ingenious (and
expensive) solutions to reduce weight and ensure
ultimate mechanical efficiency. The use of aluminium,
plastics, even magnesium in the body and chassis has
produced a formidable weight saving, compared with an
equivalent, regular-series Lupo 1.7SDi, and its
aerodynamic efficiency has improved from a Cd value of
.32 to .29.
However, its the under-bonnet wizardry that plays a
major role. As well as the direct-injection three-pot
Featuring Polo 1.4 TDi and Lupo 3L
t ur bo- di es el , t he convent i onal f i ve- s p e e d
synchromesh gearbox is also electronically controlled, it
uses hydraulics to do the shifting, so it finishes up
behaving like an automatic, with an additional
Tiptronic manual shift facility when required.
Even the automatic shift sequence has dual modes
for ultimate fuel economy, an Eco button on the facia is
depressed, which results in very early upshifts
(1800rpm on half-throttle compared with 2800rpm in
non-Eco mode), plus two other features. These are a
freewheel on the overrun (like being in neutral) and the
engine switching off a few seconds after coming to a
traffic halt if the footbrake stays depressed. The
traffic-lights turn green, you release the brake and the
engine starts again, with gentle creep (just like a
conventional automatic) in gear.
We found the early upshifts embarrassing at times
(when it changed from first to second half way across
the traffic, emerging from a junction, for instance) and
the shift quality can be rather ponderous, especially
when taking off from rest.
In non-Eco automatic guise, these special effects
dont occur and if you prefer a clutchless manual car,
Continued on page 3
PERFORMANCE - 3L
PERFORMANCE - 1.4 TDi
Acceleration time in seconds
mph
30
40
THROUGH
THE
GEARS
IN 5TH
GEAR
IN 4TH
GEAR
20 mph
60
2.0
4.9
8.4
7.8
13.3
17.8
4.0
7.2
10.8
30
5TH/4TH
SPEED
RANGES
50
40
13.3
15.4
60
70
10.0/6.8
4200*
40
50
60
25
5th
30
40
50
64
87
43
* for best acceleration
15.8
60
70
7.6
4.0
SPEED
RANGES
USING
KICKDOWN
4.0
9.8
Maximum speeds
108
REVS
PER
MINUTE
1st/2nd
4400
5th
4th
3rd
4175 3975
3475
4100
4200*
70
9.6
6.0
2.0
9.5/8.2
REVS
PER
MINUTE
30
using accelerator kickdown or manual
13.3/7.2
4th
mph
THROUGH
THE
GEARS
22.8
Maximum speeds using accelerator kickdown
1st
2nd
3rd
Acceleration time in seconds - using kick-down or manual
20 mph
50
17.6/10.2
70
mph
FUEL CONSUMPTION - 1.4TDi
103
93
67
42
24
mph
FUEL CONSUMPTION - 3L
Type of use - with air conditioning off*
mpg
Type of use - Eco mode switched on/switched off
Urban (17mph average/heavy traffic)
39
Urban (17mph average/heavy traffic)
49 / 48
Suburban (27mph average/6.4 miles from cold start)
60 / 59
66 / 66
Suburban (27mph average/6.4 miles from cold start)
55
Motorway (70mph cruising)
55
Motorway (70mph cruising)
Cross-country (brisk driving/20 miles from cold start)
64
Rural (gentle driving/20 miles from cold start)
Typical mpg overall
mpg
Cross-country (brisk driving/20 miles from cold start)
72 / 73
76
Rural (gentle driving/20 miles from cold start)
90 / 86
62
Typical mpg overall
71
Realistic tank range (not nominal tank capacity) 37 litres/500 miles
Realistic tank range (not nominal tank capacity) 28 litres/440 miles
*with air conditioning switched on, consumption will increase by 24% in
winter and 48% in summer
*with air conditioning switched on, consumption will increase by 24% in
winter and 48% in summer
MEASUREMENTS
FOR THE TECHNICAL - Polo 1.4TDi
ENGINE
Type transverse three cylinder
with all-alloy block and head. Four
main bearings and counterbalance shaft
Size 79.5 x 95.5mm = 1422cc
Power 75bhp at 4000rpm
Torque 144 lb ft at 2200rpm
Valves b e lt -d riv e n s i ngl e
overhead camshaft actuating two
valves per cylinder
Fuel/ignition direct injection
dies el w it h e le c t ro n i c a l l y
controlled high pressure unit
injec ti o n f o r e a c h c yl i nder ;
turbocharger and intercooler with
unregulated catalyser. 45-litre
tank, with low-level warning lamp
TRANSMISSION
Type f iv e -s p e e d
front-wheel drive
manual,
Mph per 1000rpm 26.4 in 5th;
20.7 in 4th
CHASSIS
Suspension front: independent
damper/struts with integral coil
springs and lower wishbones.
Rear: torsion beam (dead) axle
with trailing arms and coil springs;
telescopic dampers. (Modified
front wishbone and wider track in
latest Polos)
Polo Five-door hatchback
Centimetres
93-98
(with sunroof)
81-108
142
42-45
Wheels
6J
alloy
with
185/55R14H tyres (Michelin
Energy on test car)
66
93
T
60 91
68
(outer sill)
374
T: typical back seat space behind medium-sized front occupants
117
124
183*
89-110
163
123
Brakes ventilated discs front,
drums rear with servo-assistance
and standard anti-lock control
(ABS)
No
173
29
51
33
11
(inner sill)
Steering rack and pinion with
hydraulic power assistance; 2.9
turns between full locks. Turning
circle diameter averages 10.1m
between kerbs, with 14.6m circle
for one turn of the wheel
91
47-62
* 168 with mirrors folded
kerb weight : 1016kg (makers figure)
3
moving the selector across the gate produces sequential
shifts, up and down, as the stick is nudged fore and aft.
Thats unless your selection is unreasonable, in which
case youll be ignored, or it will make its own choice
(e.g. selecting first as you pull up, even if you didnt
remember to). You sometimes finish up wondering
which gear youre in.
The electric power steering (another fuel-saving
measure) can weight-up in brisker cornering, when
pronounced roll and lack of tyre grip also begin to show;
this Lupo really doesnt like being pressed, though the
ride is reasonable.
The Polo alternative
As we write, VW has still to decide whether this Lupo will
be converted to right hand-drive and brought to UK
showrooms. In any event, its hardly likely to make a profit
it really is costly to build and is a bit of a flag-waving
exercise even back home, with politics involved.
However, the latest revised Polo has recently been
augmented by a 1.4/75bhp version of this special
engine, but without the drastic weight-saving
measures or the transmission complexities. The result
is a still-expensive (but larger, five-door) proposition
that weighs 186kg more, has an extra 14bhp, but has
an mpg Combined Official test result thats 33 per cent
worse than the Lupo 3L or thats how it seems.
100mpg - Fact or Fiction?
The AA has always made a point of conducting its own
real-life mpg tests, using special test routes and metering
equipment. This results in accuracy and repeatability to
within 1mpg vital when comparing the counter-claims
of rivals. In this instance, of course, theyre from the
same manufacturer, but VW was as keen as we were to
see our results. For the test, we borrowed a left-hand
drive Lupo 3L specially brought-in from Germany.
Our tables speak for themselves. The trouble is that
the actual 10mpg gain we recorded in overall terms in
the Lupos favour may seem a let-down, compared with
the publicity hype. Yet in engineering development
terms (where gains are always more modest than in the
sales department), any fully equipped four-seater
hatchback that can accelerate this respectably and still
attain over 70mpg in typical use, has to be something of
a tour de force. Remember, this Lupo comes equipped
with all the safety equipment and low pollution
measures demanded nowadays; car makers have been
struggling in recent years to maintain diesel economy
in the face of latest legislation.
In fact, the Lupo can attain as much as 90mpg away
from traffic. However, you must be prepared to
bridle yourself to under 2000rpm, no more than
45mph and be happy to live with the Lupos Eco
mode switched on.
Testers choice
For ourselves, we would settle for the Polo; it really is
an endearing performer. Forget the economy aspect
for a minute and youre left with a sweet power unit
that combines vibration-free response with eager
pull-away from lower revs than you would think
sensible. The contra-rotating balancer shaft
effectively quells most of those nasty vibes that afflict
so many diesels around 1500rpm including VWs
four-cylinder derv-burner.
This brings us back to the problems of how and when
to change gear. The Lupos auto-solution doesnt
work too well, and we suspect that, left to their own
devices, most Polo TDi drivers will spend too much
time in the lower ratios.
We found it paid off to operate between 1200 and
1800rpm when accelerating normally. VW should
install a change-up advisory light (like that used on the
Formel E models in the early eighties) to encourage
drivers to do the right thing.
Our track testing confirmed that revving this
only-too-willing engine is largely pointless it goes
almost as well in fourth when overtaking!
This reinforces the fact that, unlike many small
diesels, this Polo gives you the choice of remarkable
mpg or eager acceleration but you cant enjoy both at
the same time, of course.
VERDICT
The Lupo 3L is a valiant enterprise and the car isnt
without appeal to environmentalists or those who are
simply worried by escalating fuel costs. However, the Polo
1.4TDi, compromise though it may be, looks the better
proposition, even though its asking price is too high.
Of course, its the engine rather than the host car
thats the main attraction married to the Fabia, it
would look irresistible.
REVISED POLO FOR 2000
hile the next all-new Polo is having its audition (at
lower ticket prices) as the Skoda Fabia, both the
Polo and Seat Ibiza have been freshened up in appearance
and equipment in an attempt to remain competitive for the
next couple of years.
The Polo in this latest guise is a shade longer outside,
though not to the enhancement of interior space, which is
restricted in the rear; only headroom shows any
improvement. The Lupo-style facia isnt without its
irritations (poor ventilator direction control, hard-to-see
minor controls and dials), but both interior finish and
safety equipment are impressive, with standard ABS and
dual airbags on even the cheapest version.
Apart from this 1.4TDi, engines arent particularly
refined we found the racey GTis acceptably raucous,
the all-alloy 1.4 16vs unacceptably gruff at times, with a
surprisingly ruffled ride, as well.
HOW THE POLO
1.4TDi COMPARES
Engine
cyl/cap/power
(no/cc/bhp)
Revs at 30-70mph
70mph through
(rpm) gears (sec)
30-70mph Fuel
Brakes
Maximum Typical leg/ Steering
in 5th/4th economy best stop legroom - kneeroom - turns/
gears (sec) (mpg)
(m/kg)
front (cm) rear (cm)
circle
Overall
length
(cm)
VW POLO 1.4 TDi
3/1422/75
2650
13.3
22.8/15.4
62
26/26
374
Fiat Punto 1.9 JTD
4/1910/80
2330
14.2
25.4/17.1
51
27/12
108
96/67
2.8/10.9
384
Peugeot 206 Dturbo
4/1997/90
2600
11.4
19.8/14.4
52
26/8
108
94/66
3.3/10.1
384
Seat Ibiza 1.9 TDi*
4/1896/90
2400
11.3
21.7/15.1
57
28/32
109
97/72
3.1/10.1
385
Vauxhall Astra 1.7 DTi
4/1686/75
2675
14.0
32.3/20.5
56
26/21
108
99/75
3.1/10.4
411
VW Lupo 1.7SDi
4/1760/60
2700
18.3
36.5/26.0
62
26/18
104
92/65
2.9/9.9
353
* 1998 model
108
with ABS
The Automobile Association 2000
93/66
2.9/10.1
