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Static Friction Kinetic Friction

Static Friction Kinetic Friction The document discusses static and kinetic friction. It defines static friction as the maximum frictional force that resists the initiation of motion between two surfaces at rest. Kinetic friction refers to the frictional force that opposes the relative motion between two solid surfaces in contact that are already moving. The document also provides examples of coefficients of friction for different material types, including copper, aluminum, steel, and plastic.

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Fyra Firaa
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57 views10 pages

Static Friction Kinetic Friction

Static Friction Kinetic Friction The document discusses static and kinetic friction. It defines static friction as the maximum frictional force that resists the initiation of motion between two surfaces at rest. Kinetic friction refers to the frictional force that opposes the relative motion between two solid surfaces in contact that are already moving. The document also provides examples of coefficients of friction for different material types, including copper, aluminum, steel, and plastic.

Uploaded by

Fyra Firaa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Static Friction

Kinetic Friction

4
a) fs = WT
3
2

b) fk = WT

R = Wr + Wb
i.

1
ii.
0

s = fs/R
= 1.5/10
= 0.15

i.

k = fk/R
= 1.5/10
= 0.15

s = fs/R
= 2.5/15
1= 0.167 2

ii.

k = fk/R
= 2/15
= 0.13

iii.

k = fk/R
= 2.5/20
= 0.125

iii.

R = Wr + Wb

s = fs/R
= 3.5/20
= 0.175

Static Friction

3
0

Fs

Kinetic Friction
Fk

2
1
0

1
0

2
0

3
0

3.0 Theory

Static friction

Figure 1
Referring to Figure 1, if force, P is increased; frictional force, Fr also increase accordingly and
the object will remain at rest. However, for a certain value of P, the object starts to move. At this
stage, the frictional force is known as the limiting static frictional force, fs which are the
maximum value of P.

Kinetic friction
If the object is in motion, the frictional force is known as kinetic friction, fk. The kinetic
frictional force is less than the static frictional force. That explains why it is difficult to move an
object which is initially at rest, but once it is in motion, less force is needed to maintain the
motion.

Material Types and Coefficients

1.0

MATERIAL TYPES

COEFFICIENTS

Copper

= 0.20

Aluminum

=0.25

Steel

=0.15

Plastic (Polypropylene)

=0.30

Objectives

At the end of this experiment student should be able :

To determine the coefficients of :

a) Static friction
b) Kinetic friction

Use a Dual-Range Force Sensor to measure the force of static friction.

Determine the relationship between force of static friction and the weight of an object.

Measure the coefficients of static and kinetic friction for a particular block and track.

Use a Motion Detector to independently measure the coefficient of kinetic friction and
compare it to the previously measured value.

Determine if the coefficient of kinetic friction depends on weight.

2.0

Apparatus
A steel block

Strings
Slotted mass with hooks

5.0

Results

Inclined plane

Block of steel weight, Wb = 10 N


Table 1: Total weight for Static Friction
Wr(N)
0
5
10

WT (N)
1
1.5
2.6
3.5

2
1.5
2.5
3.5

3
1.5
2.5
3.5

AVERAGE
1.5
2.5
3.5

Table 2: Total weight for Kinetic Friction


Wr(N)
0
5
10

WT (N)
1
1.5
2
2.5

Wr(N)
0
5
10

2
1.5
2
2.5

3
1.5
2
2.5

AVERAGE
1.5
2
2.5

WT (N)
Static Friction
1.5
2.5
3.5

Kinetic Friction
1.5
2
2.5

a) Plot a graph of fs against R where fs = WT and R = Wr + Wb. Determine s, the


coefficient of static friction from the graph.
b) Plot a graph of fk against R where fs = WT and R = Wr + Wb. Determine k, the coefficient of
static friction from the graph.

4.0 Procedure

Figure 2
a) Set up the apparatus as in Figure 2. Make sure that the string from the block is tied up
horizontally to the pulley.
b) Add the slotted weight onto the hook gradually until the block begins to slip. Record the total
weight, WT in table 1. Repeat 3 times to get the average value of WT.
c) Add different weight, Wr onto the block and repeat step (b).
d) Repeat step (c) for at least 3 different values of Wr.
e) Repeat step (b) but exert a little push to the block every time each mass added. Record the
mass, WT in table 2 when the block moves slowly and steadily along the inclined plane.
f) Add different weight, Wr onto the block and repeat step (e).
g) Repeat step (f) for at least 3 different values of Wr.

6.0 Discussion

a) From the result obtained, discuss the coefficient of:

Static friction : The result of static friction increase

Kinetic friction : The result of kinetic friction increase

b) Analyses the data of the experimental data in relation to the theoretical aspects.

Human error
Set up experiment incorrectly
No measurement can be more with infinite

c) List down the potential error from the experiment.

Calculation according to the following formula


Set up experiment correctly
Error should be rectified

d) Explain how to overcome the error.

Follow the procedure step by step.

e) State the suggestion to get accuracy result. .

Do experiment carefully and slowly.

7.0 Conclusion
Based on the experiment, the conclusion is the both result of static and the kinetic experiment is
increases. When we add different masses onto the block, the block begins to slip and moves
steadily along the inclined plane.

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