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Block-Based Feature-Level Multi-Focus Image Fusion

This document proposes a novel block-based feature-level technique for multi-focus image fusion using a neural network. Ten pairs of multi-focus images are divided into blocks, with the optimal block size determined adaptively for each image. Feature vectors for each block are extracted and used to train a neural network. The trained network is then used to fuse new pairs of multi-focus images by classifying the blocks. Experimental results showed the proposed technique performed better than existing methods by optimally identifying blurred and unblurred regions within source images. Only one neural network is required versus creating a new one for each image pair in other techniques.

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42 views6 pages

Block-Based Feature-Level Multi-Focus Image Fusion

This document proposes a novel block-based feature-level technique for multi-focus image fusion using a neural network. Ten pairs of multi-focus images are divided into blocks, with the optimal block size determined adaptively for each image. Feature vectors for each block are extracted and used to train a neural network. The trained network is then used to fuse new pairs of multi-focus images by classifying the blocks. Experimental results showed the proposed technique performed better than existing methods by optimally identifying blurred and unblurred regions within source images. Only one neural network is required versus creating a new one for each image pair in other techniques.

Uploaded by

Anonymous 1aqlkZ
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© © All Rights Reserved
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BLOCK-BASED FEATURE-LEVEL MULTI-FOCUS

IMAGE FUSION
SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT

In recent times, the applications of image processing have grown immensely. Usually due
to limited depth of field of optical lenses especially with greater focal length, it becomes
impossible to obtain an image where all the objects are in focus. Image fusion deals with creating
an image in which all the objects are in focus. Thus it plays an important role to perform other
tasks of image processing such as image segmentation, edge detection, stereo matching and
image enhancement. In this paper, a novel feature-level multi-focus image fusion technique has
been proposed which fuses multi-focus images using classification. Ten pairs of multi-focus
images are first divided into blocks. The optimal block size for every image is found adaptively.
The block feature vectors are fed to feed forward neural network. The trained neural network is
then used to fuse any pair of multi-focus images. We have also presented the results of extensive
experimentation performed to highlight the efficiency and utility of the proposed technique.

INTRODUCTION
Image fusion is a sub-field of image processing in which more than one images are fused
to create an image where all the objects are in focus. Image fusion is of significant importance
due to its application in medical science, forensic and defense departments. The process of image
fusion is performed for multi-sensor and multi-focus images of the same scene. Multi-sensor
images of the same scene are captured by different sensors whereas multi-focus images are
captured by the same sensor. In multi-focus images, the objects in the scene which are closer to
the camera are in focus and the farther objects get blurred. Contrary to it, when the farther
objects are focused then closer objects get blurred in the image.
To achieve an image where all the objects are in focus, the process of images fusion is
performed either in spatial domain or in transformed domain. Spatial domain includes the
techniques which directly incorporate the pixel values. After applying certain operations on the
transformed images, the fused image is created by taking the inverse transform. Image fusion is
generally performed at three different levels of information representation including pixel level,
feature level and decision level.
In pixel-level image fusion, simple mathematical operations such as max (maximum) or
mean (average) are applied on the pixel values of the source images to generate fused image.
However these techniques usually smooth the sharp edges or leave the blurring effects in the
fused image. In feature level multi-focus image fusion, the source images are first segmented
into different regions and then the feature values of these regions are calculated. Using some
fusion rule, the regions are selected to generate the fused image. In decision level image fusion,
the objects in the source images are first detected and then by using some suitable fusion
algorithm, the fused image is generated.

Objective
We used an image set of 10 different images to train our neural network. Every image is
first divided into number of blocks. The block size plays an important role indistinguishing the
blurred and un-blurred regions from each other. To accomplish this task, we run the algorithm for
finding adaptive block size using Genetic Algorithm introduced in for every image in the image
set. Xinman Zhang et. al. [ used a population of chromosomes where every chromosome
represents the width and length of the block. After dividing the images into blocks, the feature
values of every block of all the images are calculated and a features file is created. A sufficient
number of feature vectors are used to train the neural network. The trained neural network is then
Used to fuse any set of multi-focus images.

Fig. Block diagram of block based feature level image fusion

SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS


Operating system :

Windows XP/7.

Coding Language :

MATLAB

Tool

MATLAB R 2012

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS:
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
System

Pentium IV 2.4 GHz.

Hard Disk

40 GB.

Floppy Drive

1.44 Mb.

Monitor

15 VGA Colour.

Mouse

Logitech.

Ram

512 Mb.

CONCLUSION
In this paper, a feature-level block-based multi-focus image fusion technique is
proposed. A feed forward neural network is first trained with the block features of
ten pairs of multifocus images. A feature set including spatial frequency, contrast
visibility, edges, variance and energy of gradient is used to define the clarity of the
image block. Block size is determined adaptively for each image. The trained
neural network is then used to fuse any pair of multi-focus images.
Experimentation results show that the proposed technique performs better than the
existing techniques. By finding the block size adaptively, the blurred and unburned
regions within the source images are optimally identified. As a result of it, the
proposed technique performs better. In the proposed technique, only one neural

network is created whereas in PNN-based image fusion, neural network for every
pair of multi-focus images is created which is really time consuming.

REFERENCES
[1] Ishita De and Bhabatosh Chanda, A simple and efficient algorithm for multi focus image
fusion using morphological wavelets in Signal Processing. pp. 924-936, 2006.
[2] Gonzalo Pajares and Jesus Manuel de la Cruz, A wavelet-based Image Fusion Tutorial in
Pattern Recognition, vol 37, no. 9, pp. 1855-1872,2004.
[3] A. Toet, Image fusion by a ratio of low pass pyramid in Pattern Recognition Letters, vol.
9,no. 4, pp. 245-253, 1989.
[4] V.P.S. Naidu and J.R.Raol, Pixel-level Image Fusion using Wavelets and Principal
Component Analysis in Defence Science Journal, vol. 58,no. 3, pp. 338-352, May 2008.
[5] H.Li, S. Manjunath and S.K. Mitra, Multi-sensor image fusion using the wavelet transform
in Graphical Models and Image Processing, vol.57, no.3, pp. 235-245, 1995.
[7] Yufeng Zheng, Edward A. Essock and Bruce C. Hansen, An Advanced Image Fusion
Algorithm Based on Wavelet Transform Incorporation with PCA and morphological
Processing in Proceedings of the SPIE, vol 5298, pp. 177-187, 2004.
[8] H.J. Heijmans and J. Goutsias, Multi resolution signal decomposition schemes, Part 2:
morphological wavelets, in IEEE Trans. Image Processing 9, pp. 1897-1913, November 2000.

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