Jitsin chem.

Trial P1 2015

Section A [ 15 marks]
1

On collision, airbags in cars inflate rapidly due to the production of nitrogen.

The nitrogen is formed according to the following equations,
2NaN3
10Na + 2KNO3

2Na + 3N2
K2O + 5Na2O + N2

How many moles of nitrogen gas are produced from 1 mol of sodium azide,
NaN3?
A 1.5
B 1.6
2

C 3.2
D 4.0

In 1999 Russian chemists claimed to be the first to identify atoms of a new

element of proton number 114. This was produced by bombarding atoms of
plutonium, Pu, with atoms of an isotope of a Group II element, X. The reaction
taking place is the following,
244
94

Pu

289
114

(newelement)+ 3 neutrons

+ X

What is X?
A Ca
3

C Sr

D Ba

P and Q are two elements in the Periodic Table. The proton number of P is 28,
and Q2+ ion is isoelectronic with P. Which of the following is correct of P and Q?
A
B
C
D

B Mg

Element / ion Electronic configuration

P
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2
Q
1s22s22p63s23p63d84s2
Q2+
1s22s22p63s23p63d10
2+
Q
1s22s22p63s23p63d84s2

The diagram below shows the mass spectrum of a gaseous element.

10Relative
abundance 987654321-

20

21

22

Mass/charge

Which of the following statements could be the correct interpretation of the

above diagram?
1 The percentage composition of the main isotope is 90.
2 The element is a monoatomic gas.
3 The relative atomic mass of the element is 21.
5

A I only
B 1 and 2 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 1, 2 and 3
Graphite can be used as a lubricant; diamond cannot. This is because graphite
has

A delocalized electrons.
B a hexagonal arrangement of atoms in the layers.
C covalent bonds between atoms in the layers.
D van der Waals forces between the layers of atoms.
6 Consider the following four compounds:
R
(CH3)3CH
S
CH3CH2CH2OH
T
CH3CH2CH2SH
U CH3CH2CH2CH3
What is the increasing order of boiling point of the compounds?
A R, U, T, S
C T, S, U, R
B S, T, U, R
D U, R, S, T
7

The covalent molecule of XYn has the following properties.

(i) Polar
(ii) Pyramidal in shape
(iii) Forms dative covalent bond with boron trifluoride molecules.
Which of the following statements about XYn molecule is true?
A
B
C
D

The element X is less electronegative than element Y.

The element X is located in Group 13 of the Periodic Table.
X atom undergoes sp2 hybridisation to form bonds with Y atom.
XYn molecule can acts as a Lewis base.

8 A 2 g sample of hydrogen at temperature T and of volume V exerts a pressure

2
p. Deuterium, 1H, is an isotope of hydrogen.
Which of the following would also exert a pressure p at the same temperature
T?
A 2 g of deuterium of volume V.
V
B 4 g of deuterium of volume 2
C a mixture of 1 g of hydrogen and 2 g of deuterium of total volume V.
D a mixture of 2 g of hydrogen and 1 g of deuterium of total volume 2V.
9 What is the maximum number of electrons that can be filled in the orbitals that
has the principal quantum number n = 3?
A 6

B 9

C 10

D 18

10 An equilibrium can be represented by the following equation.

P (aq) + Q (aq)
2R (aq) + S (aq)

In a certain mixture, the equilibrium concentration of Q is 10 mol dm-3.

What will be the new equilibrium concentration of Q if 5 mol of pure Q is
dissolved in the mixture?
A
B
C
D

between 10 mol dm-3 and 15 mol dm-3.

10 mol dm-3 .
between 5 mol dm-3 and 10 mol dm-3.
15 mol dm-3.

11 What is the pH of a buffer solution formed by mixing 200 dm 3 of 0.500 mol dm3
ethanoic acid and 300 dm3 of 0.0200 mol dm-3 sodium ethanoate?
[Ka of ethanoic acid is 1.77 x 10-5 mol dm-3].
A 2.89

B 3.53

C 4.75

D 5.24

12 Two diatomic gases, X2 and Y2 react as follows.

X2(g) + Y2(g)

2XY(g)

A mixture containing 0.5 mole each of X2 and Y2 is heated in a closed container

and the reaction allowed to reach equilibrium. The graph shows the number of
moles of each gas varies with time.
XY

0.6
0.5
moles
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1

X2 and
Y2
time

What is the value of the equilibrium constant Kc for this reaction?

A 1.5

B 3

C 9

D 18

13
In aqueous solution, cyanide ions, CN - ,are hydrolysed according to the
following
equation,
CN-(aq) + H2O(g)
HCN(aq) + OH-(aq)
What is the pH of 0.05 mol dm-3 solution of sodium cyanide, NaCN at 250C?
[At 250C, the base dissociation constant, Kb, of CN- is 3.10 x 10-5 mol dm-3 and
ionic product of water, Kw, is 1.00 x 10-14 mol2 dm-6.
A 2.90

B 5.78

C 10.4

D 11.1

14 Propanone reacts with iodine in the presence of an acid.

+
CH3COCH3 + IH2

CH3COCH2I + HI

The mechanism involves the following steps.

H+

CH3COCH
3

CH3C

CH2

(slow)

OH
CH3C

CH2

+ I2

CH3CICH
2I

OH

(fast)

OH
CH3COCH2I +HI

CH3CICH
2I

(fast)

OH

What conclusion cannot be drawn from this information?

A The overall order of the reaction is 3.
B Iodine is not involved in the rate-determining step.
C The acid acts as a catalyst.
D The rate of the reaction is not affected by a change in the iodine
concentration.
15 The phase diagram of substance X is given below.
73.0
Pressure/
atm

5.
1
- 56.4

31.1

Temperature /
0

C
Which statement about the above phase diagram
is true?
A Substance X exists as a liquid at stp.
B Solid X sublimes at temperature above its triple point.
C The freezing point of liquid X increases as pressure increases.
D Solid, liquid, and vapour X coexists at critical point.

Section B [15 marks ]

16. (a) In a disease called Polycythermia vera, phosphorus-32 is used to control
the
excessive production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.
(i) Write the electronic configuration of phosphorus-32 isotope.
[1 mark]

(ii) How many orbitals of phosphorus-32 are fully filled?

mark]

[1

(iii) Draw the shape of one orbital of phosphorus-32 which contains

valence electrons.
[1 mark]

(b) Carbon dioxide is used in some of fire extinguishers as it leaves no harmful

residue. The carbon atom uses hybridized orbitals to form bonds in the
carbon dioxide, CO2 molecule.
(i)

Draw the Lewis structure of carbon dioxide.

[ 1 mark]

(ii) Is CO2 a polar or non-polar molecule?

[1 mark]

(iii) Draw a labelled orbital overlapping diagram for a CO2 molecule. [3

marks]

17 According to Bohrs atomic model postulates, thehe excited electrons will fall
back to
the lower energy levels by emitting a specific amount of energy or photon
and producing series of lines known as line spectrum.
By using the energy level diagram,
(a) Draw the transition of electrons (first three lines) that resulting in the
formation
of Lyman series and Balmer series.
[3 marks]

(b)(i) State the transition of electron that gives the longest wavelength.
[1 mark]

(ii) Calculate the minimum energy required to completely remove one

electron
from Lyman series.
[3 marks]
7
-1
[Rydberg constant, RH, 1.097 x 10 m ; c = speed of light, 3.00 x 108
ms-1 ;
Plancks constant, 6.63 x 10-34 Js ]

(c) Give one other species that produces similar line spectrum of hydrogen
atom in

Lyman series.

[1 mark]

Section C [ 30 marks ]
18. (a) (i) Explain what is meant by the term activation energy, Ea.
[1]
(ii) With the aid of a sketch of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, explain
how
both an increase in temperature,T1 to T2 (T2 T1 ) and the presence of

catalyst increase the rate of a chemical reaction.

[6]
(b) The equilibrium between [Cu(H2O)4]2- ion and [CuCl4]2- ion is shown as
below:
[Cu(H2O)4]2+(aq) + 4Cl-(aq)

[CuCl4]2-(aq) +

4H2O(l)
Blue

Yellow

Describe the observations and explain what will happen when silver
nitrate is
added to the system in equilibrium at constant temperature.
[5]
(c) Oxides of nitrogen in the atmosphere contribute to the formation of acid
rain by
catalyzing the oxidation of SO2 to SO3. Write equations to show how this
occurs,
and state the type of catalyst involved.
[3]

19 (a) (i) Define metallic bonding.

[1]

(ii) Potassium, K is an element in Group 1 of the Periodic Table. By using

potassium
as an example, draw the electron-sea model diagram and explain how
the
metallic bonding is formed.
[3]

(b) The boiling point, melting point and solubility in CCl4 for compound P and
Q are
shown as below:
Compoun
d

Melting point
(oC)

Solubility in CCl4

Boiling
point
(oC)
-5

- 20

3800

2500

Completely
miscible
0.090

(i) Explain the structure and type of bonding exist in compound P and Q.
[4]
(ii) Predict the solubility of compound P and Q in water. Explain your
answer.
[2]
(c) Ethanoic acid boils at 118oC. At 120oC, 0.150 g of ethanoic acid occupies
40.0 cm3
at 101 kPa. At 300oC, 0.0670 g ethanoic acid occupies 53.0 cm3 at 101 kPa.
Deduce the structure of the molecules of ethanoic acid at 120oC and 300oC.
[5]

20. (a) (i) What do you understand by the Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and
bases? [2]
(ii) By using NO3- in the presence of H2O, write a suitable equation to
explain the theory above. Identify the conjugate acid-base pair.
[3]
(b) In an acid-base titration , 30.0 cm 3 of 0.100 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide,
NaOH is
added dropwise into a conical flask containing 20.0 cm 3 of 0.100 mol dm -3
ethanoic
acid and a few drops of an acid-base indicator. At the end of the titration,
the pH of
the reaction mixture is 12.3. [Ka = 1.80 x 10-5 mol dm-3; Kw = 1.00 x10-14
mol2dm-6]
Sketch the curve for the above titration.
titration
curve, pH of the solution at the

Calculate and indicate in the

(i) beginning of the titration

(ii) equivalence point

[5]

(c) Explain why pH value at equivalence point is not 7.

[3]
(d) By referring to the following table, suggest the most suitable indicator for
the
above titration. Explain your answers.

Indicator
Methyl orange
Bromothymol blue
Cresol red
Phenolphthalein

pH range
3.1 4.4
6.0 7.6
7.2 8.8
8.3 10.0

[2]

Marking Scheme : Chemistry 962/1 2015

Section A : 15%
1

11

12

13

14

10

15

Section B : 15%
Q16
(a)
(i)

1s22s22p63s23p3 / 1s22s22p63s23px13py13pz1

(ii)

[1
]
[1
]

(iii)
OR

OR

OR

[1]

3s

O CO

3px

3py

3spz

Eithe

r one : 3s or 3px / 3py / 3pz

(b)(i)

[1
]

O CO
X
X

X
X

OR
(ii)

Non-polar as dipole moments cancell each other ( = 0)

[1
]

(iii)
central C atom : sp hybridisation (**Label correctly)
OR
Terminal O atom sp2 hybridisation and 2 lone-pair of
electrons.

[1]

[1]

2 bonds : [Hybridised sp(C)- 2py(O)]

2 bonds : [ Unhybridised 2py(C) - 2py(O)],
[ Unhybridised 2pz(C) - 2pz(O)]

Acceptable Orbital Overlapping Diagrams.

[1]

Orbital overlapping diagram 1 : 3 marks

sp2
sp2 s
p

s
p

sp2 O

sp2

Orbital overlapping diagram 2 : 3 marks

2pz

2py

2pz

s
p

2pz

2pz

s
p

Q1
7
(a) Energy
(
i
)

n=
n=6
n =n 4=

n =6
n=3 5

n=2

Lyman series

Balmer
series

n=1

2py

(b)
(
i
)
(iii)

Label energy and energy levels,n ( n 6)

REJECT : Energy level
Distance between energy levels decreases as n
increases.
Correct transition of electrons for both Lyman and
Balmer series.
Transition of electron, n = 3 to n = 2 OR n3 n2

[1]
[1]
[1]

[1]

When an electron is excited from its grounds state ( n =

1) to n = , the electron is no longer attracted by the
nucleus. It is removed / ionized.
[1]
1
1
1
hc
RH 2 2
E

n1 n2 ; n1 n2 OR
OR

[1]
1

1
E hcRH 2 2
n1 n2
1
34
8
7 1
E (6.63x10
)(3.00x10
)(1.097x10
) 2 2
1

Note : correct substitutions.

[1]

2.18 x 10-18 J ( 3 SFs)

(c)

Alternative :
1
1
1
-18 1
E RH 2 2
E 2.18x10
2 2
n1 n2
1
**
Li2+ OR Be3+ OR He+.

[1]

Section C : 30%
Q18
(a)(i)

Activation energy is the minimum energy needed by the reactants for a [1]
chemical reaction to occur
OR
Activation energy is the minimum energy needed by the reactants to
form activated complex.
OR
Activation energy is the minimum energy that must be overcome by the
reactant molecules before a chemical reaction can take place.

(ii)
Fraction of
molecules
with
energy
E

T1
T2
(
T1)

Ea

Ea

Energy ,
E

Label Y and X axes correctly // distribution curves for

both T1 and T2.

[1]
[1]

At T2, they are much greater number of particles

with energy equal or greater
[1]
than Ea. Hence the rate increases
.
The particles are more energetic and they move faster,
colliding with each
[1]
other more frequently and results in effective
collision.
Hence the rate increases.
[1]
Corresponding shaded area represents the fraction of
particles equal or
greater than Ea is shown.
At the same temperature, when a suitable catalyst is
used, the
reaction pathway is altered such that the
activation energy is lowered to Ea.
** alter the mechanisms of the reaction

[1]
*[1]
Max
(6
)

Thus a greater number of particles with energy

greater than Ea.
Hence, the reaction rate increases / the rate of reaction
becomes higher.
Corresponding fraction of particles Ea is shown.
(b)

Observations :
Solutions turn blue as more [Cu(H2O)4]2- ion is produced [1]
/ The intensity of the
[1]
blue colour of [Cu(H2O)4]2- ion increases.
a white precipitate /AgCl(s) is formed.
The added Ag+ react with Cl- to formed in soluble AgCl.
[1]
[1]
The Cl- ions are removed from the system.
The equilibrium position shifts from right to left to

form more Cl- ions to

replace the Cl- ions that have been removed.

(c)

More [Cu(H2O)4]2- ions are produced

SO2 + NO2
SO3 + NO
1
NO + 2 O2

Note : Overall : SO2

Q19
(a)(i)

[1]
[1]

NO2
1
+ 2 O2

[1]

SO3

NO2 functions as a homogeneous catalyst.

[1]

TOTAL

15

Metallic bonding is the attractive forces / between the positively

charged metal ions and the negatively charged of sea of electrons
within the metal lattice.

[1]

(ii)
Electron-sea model diagram

K+

K+

K+
K+

e
K+

Note : No of delocalized electrons must = no of the given

element (K)
Each potassium atom releases one valence electron
into the open space in
metallic lattice which can be imagined as a sea of
delocalized electrons and
forms K+ ion.
(b)(i)

(ii)

[1]

[1]
[1]

Compound P
Structure
: Simple covalent molecule
Type of bonding : weak van der Waals

[1]
[1]

Compound Q
Structure
: Ionic compound
Type of bonding : Ionic bond / electrovalent bond

[1]
[1]

Compound Q is more soluble in water than compound P. [1]

Compound Q is capable to form polar bonds with water [1]
molecules.

Note : Ion-dipole interaction between compound Q

with water molecules.
(c)

Calculate the Mr of ethanoic acid, CH3COOH at 1200C and

3000C
At T1= 1200C, m = 0.150g , V = 40.0 cm3 and p = 101
kPa
At T2= 3000C, m = 0.0670g , V = 53.0 cm3 and p = 101
kPa
m
mRT
[1]
Apply pV = nRT , pV= Mr RT. Hence M = pV
r

(0.150)(8.
31)(120
273)
3
6
Mr of CH3COOH at 1200C = (101x10)(40.0X10) = 121
OR 121.3

[1]

[1]
(0.0670)(8
.31)(300
273)
3
6
Mr of CH3COOH at 3000C = (101x10)(53.0X10) = 59.6 /
[1]
60.0
At 1200C, The relative molecular mass of CH3COOH is
approximately 2 times
/doubles the actual relative molecular mass.
At this temperature, CH3COOH exist as a dimer through
[1]
hydrogen bonding. OR
H O
O
CH3

C
O

CH3

Hydrogen
bonding

At 3000C, the intermolecular hydrogen bonding is

broken, and the CH3COOH
exists as monomer (CH3COOH).

Q20
(a)(i)
(ii)

Total

15

An acid is a proton (H+) donor.

A base is a proton acceptor.

[1]
[1]

 NO3- + H2O(l)

HNO3(aq) + OH-(aq) [1]

NO3- + H2O(l)

HNO3(aq)

(aq)
Base
(b)

+ OH-

[1]
[1]

conjugate
conjugate
Acid
base
pH Titration curves : Weak Acid (WA) + Strong
Base(SB)

pH

acid

12.
3
8.7
2

(i)

2.8
9
20.0

30.0

Volume of NaOH
added / cm3

[1]
Label axes : pH and total volume of NaOH and unit.

[1]

Correct shape and equivalence/neutralisation point at

20.0 cm3
Before titration, pH is determined from partial
dissociation of weak acid
CH3COOH
CH3COO- + H+
** H3O+

[H+] =
=

Ka.c
-5
(1.80x10
)(0.100)

= 1.34 x 10-3 mol dm-3

pH = -log(1.34 x 10-3) = 2.89

(ii)

At equivalence point, the amount of NaOH and

CH3COOH present exactly neutralizes one another. The
salt solution, CH3COONa formed is alkaline in nature.
CH3COOH + NaOH
CH3COONa + H2O
No of moles of NaOH added
(0.100)/1000 = 2.00 x 10-3 mol.

= ( 20.0)

[1]

No of moles of CH3COONa formed also = 2.00 x 10-3

mol.
Apply for any

3
(2.00x10
)mol
conjugate acid3
base pair /-3at 250C
(40.0/1000
)dm
[CH3COONa] =
= 0.0500 mol dm
-14
Kw
(1.00x10
)
-5

Kw = Ka X Kb Kb = Ka = (1.80x10) = 5.56 x 10-10

mol dm-3.

CH3COOOH (Hydrolysis)
5.56 x 10-6
-

+ H2O

[1]

CH3COOH +
x

[CH3COOH][OH
]

[CH3COO ]
Hence, Kb =
which is 5.56 x 10-10
x2
Since [CH3COOH] = [OH-]= x 0.0500=5.56 x 10-10
Solving, [OH-] = 5.27 x 10-6.

[1]
[1]

pOH = 5.28 .
Hence, pH = 14 5.28 = 8.72
(c)

The salt formed, CH3COONa undergoes hydrolysis to

produce OH-.

OH-

CH3COO- + H2O(l)

CH3COONa + H2O(l)

[1]

CH3COOH(aq) +
OR
CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH [1]

The solution formed is slightly basic / alkaline/ pH

9.0
(d)

Phenolphthalein

[1]

Because the pH range of phenolphthalein ( 8.3 10.0)

falls within the end point
of the titration / equivalence point of the solution.
OR
The starting range (pH = 8.3) falls just before the end
point.
It changes colour sharply at equivalence point.

[1]

(b) Name the emission series that produce this series of lines.

[1 mark]

(c) State the transition of electrons that gives the longest wavelength in this
series.
[1
mark]

(d) Calculate the wavelength, corresponding to line b.

7

-1

-1

[Rydberg

constant, RH, 1.097 x 10 m ; c = speed of light, 3.0 x 10 ms ;

Plancks constant, 6.63 x 10-34 Js ]
[3 marks]

(a) A colourless gas X is an oxide of nitrogen. It changes to a brown gas Y when

heated
and forms X again when cooled. Identify gases X and Y, and explain the
observations.
[4]
(b) Gases X and Y are allowed to react in a closed container until equilibrium is
reached.
(i) State and explain what would be observed when the pressure of the
container is
increased at constant temperature.
[2]
(ii) Explain the equilibrium position when a small amount of helium gas is
added to
the equilibrium mixture at constant volume.
[2]
(iii) Draw the Lewis structure of X.
[1]