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Lecture 14: Flow Parameters: Reference: Fossen, Chapter 2

This document discusses flow parameters that describe the progressive deformation of a body from its initial undeformed state to its final deformed state. It defines key terms like strain path, particle path, displacement field, and flow pattern. It then describes the main flow parameters: instantaneous stretching axes, flow apophyses, vorticity, velocity field, and kinematic vorticity number. Vorticity represents the internal rotation during deformation. Flow apophyses separate different domains of particle paths. The document cautions that correlating stress with strain can be dangerous due to non-linear rock properties and heterogeneity.

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Riddhi Archon Mandal
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165 views

Lecture 14: Flow Parameters: Reference: Fossen, Chapter 2

This document discusses flow parameters that describe the progressive deformation of a body from its initial undeformed state to its final deformed state. It defines key terms like strain path, particle path, displacement field, and flow pattern. It then describes the main flow parameters: instantaneous stretching axes, flow apophyses, vorticity, velocity field, and kinematic vorticity number. Vorticity represents the internal rotation during deformation. Flow apophyses separate different domains of particle paths. The document cautions that correlating stress with strain can be dangerous due to non-linear rock properties and heterogeneity.

Uploaded by

Riddhi Archon Mandal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ES3101: Advanced Structural Geology

Lecture 14: Flow Parameters


Reference: Fossen, Chapter 2

Progressive Deformation & Flow Parameters


Study of deformation history between undeformed finite deformed state.
Nonrigid motion of a body that carries the body from its initial undeformed state to
its finite deformed state
Strain states through which the body passes during progressive deformation is
strain path
Tracking single particle path during deformation particle path
Sum of particle paths in a deforming medium Flow pattern

Displacement Field

Particle Path

Progressive Deformation & Flow Parameters

Parameters that act simultaneously during deformation Flow parameters


Instantaneous Stretching Axes (ISA): 3 perpendicular
axes defining directions of max & min
stretching at any time during deformation

Flow apophyses: Theoretical lines(free to rotate


independent of material lines) that separate
different fields of the flow. No particle path can
cross a Flow apophysis unless deformation
conditions are changed during deformation;
they can move/rest on them

Vorticity: How fast a particle rotates thru soft


medium during deformation
Velocity field: Velocity of a particle at any instant
during deformation (READ 2.18; Fossen)
Steady state deformation: Flow pattern & flow
parameters remain constant during deformation

Progressive Deformation & Flow Parameters


Parameters that act simultaneously during deformation Flow parameters

How many apophyses


for simple shear?

How many apophyses


for pure shear?

Flow apophyses: Separate different domains of particle paths; no particle path can cross a
Flow apophysis unless deformation conditions are changed during deformation.
related to how close deformation is to simple shear (0) or pure shear (90)
Wk =cos

Transform Boundary?

, wk can be estimated

Progressive Deformation & Flow Parameters

Parameters that act simultaneously during deformation Flow parameters


Vorticity: How fast a material line parallel to ISA rotate during deformation . Measure of internal
rotation during deformation.

Pure shear=?
Simple shear=1
Degree of internal rotation defined by kinematic vorticity number (Wk )
Wk is a measure of vorticity & how fast strain accumulates during deformation

Progressive Deformation & Flow Parameters


Parameters that act simultaneously during deformation Flow parameters

Vorticity: How fast a material line parallel to ISA rotate during deformation . Measure of internal
rotation during deformation.

w (vorticity vector) = 2( describes the velocity of rotation/ angular velocity vector)


=curl v
V= velocity field
Degree of internal rotation defined by Wk
Pure shear=?
Simple shear=1

Progressive Deformation & Flow Parameters

Vorticity: How fast a material line parallel to ISA rotate during deformation . Measure of internal
rotation during deformation.

If sphere is infinitely small, w will represent axis of rotation + length proportional to speed of
rotation

Progressive Deformation & Flow Parameters


Parameters that act simultaneously during deformation Flow parameters

Vorticity: How fast a material line parallel to ISA rotate during deformation . Measure of internal
rotation during deformation.

w (vorticity vector) = 2(velocity of rotation/ angular velocity vector)


Wk (kinematic vorticity number)= measure of relation between vorticity and how fast strain accumulates
during deformation

Nonsteady Deformation: ISA rotate


Wk changes value
Particle path changes

Dangers of correlating Stess with Strain

Heterogeneous rocks
Not linear-viscous properties

Dangers of correlating Strain with Stress

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