Scribd
Upload
61 views44 pages

Engineering Design and Graphics: Engineer 1C03

This document provides an overview of engineering drawing techniques, including sketching primitives, geometric features of 3D objects, types of projections, isometric pictorials, multiview drawings, and interpreting views. It discusses key topics such as faces, edges, and vertices; types of projections; the difference between isometric and multiview drawings; principles of orthographic projections; and how to interpret individual views and visualize the full 3D object from a multiview drawing. The document is for an engineering design and graphics course and aims to teach students fundamental concepts for creating technical sketches and engineering drawings.

Uploaded by

lebron
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
61 views44 pages

Engineering Design and Graphics: Engineer 1C03

This document provides an overview of engineering drawing techniques, including sketching primitives, geometric features of 3D objects, types of projections, isometric pictorials, multiview drawings, and interpreting views. It discusses key topics such as faces, edges, and vertices; types of projections; the difference between isometric and multiview drawings; principles of orthographic projections; and how to interpret individual views and visualize the full 3D object from a multiview drawing. The document is for an engineering design and graphics course and aims to teach students fundamental concepts for creating technical sketches and engineering drawings.

Uploaded by

lebron
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 44

Engineering Design and Graphics:

Engineer 1C03
Technical Sketches and Engineering
Drawings
Dr. Colin P. McDonald, PhD
Week 2: January 13th 17th

Announcement
o Lab Assignment/Test Submission
For all assignments/tests, you are required to zip your
files using Marking Monkey
In order to receive a grade for your test, you MUST
submit a ZIPPED file!!!
DO NOT submit using any other file type (e.g.,
*.ipt, *.iam, etc.)
Students who fail to submit a zipped file will receive
a zero NO EXCEPTIONS

Announcement
o Lab / Tutorial Tests
Week 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 (5% each test)

o Design Project: Important Dates

Week 4 form groups during lab


Friday February 28th (Week 7) Milestone I due
Week 10 Milestone II due (during lab time)
Week 12 Project Interviews (during lab time)

Announcement
o Access to 3D Printers
Weeks 4-6
Printers available for tutorial/demonstrations
Weeks 7-9
Printers available for printing Milestone II parts*
Weeks 10-12
Printers available for printing remaining parts
* No printed parts are required for Milestone I

Sketching

Understanding Sketching Techniques


o Sketching can be simplified by breaking down
complex shapes into simpler geometric primitives
Basic curves / straight lines are the basis of many objects
Look for essential shapes and sketch those shapes

Examples of Primitives
o
o
o
o
o

Cube: 8 vertices, 12 edges, 6 faces


Cylinder: no vertices, 2 edges, 3 faces
Cone: 1 vertex, 1 edge, 2 faces
Sphere: no vertices, no edges, 1 face
Torus (Donut): no vertices, no edges, 1 face

But what do these terms mean?

Characteristics of an Object in Solid


Modelling

Faces, Edges, and Vertices


o Any object can be defined by its boundary
This boundary is made up of surfaces, called faces

o Faces can be any mathematically definable surface but we


will usually restrict ourselves to planar, cylindrical, conical,
and spherical surfaces
Faces

Faces, Edges, and Vertices


o Each face is bounded by edges
o Edges can be any curves in three-space, but we will
generally restrict ourselves to lines, circular arcs, and
elliptical arcs
o Each edge is bounded by vertices

10

Interpretation of Geometric Features


o In any given view of an object, there may never
appear more lines/curves than the object has edges
Less may appear when they are coincident such as in
the case of the cube

Interpretation of Geometric Features


o What about a sphere, which has no edges?
Using the rule discussed on the previous slide, there
would be nothing to draw!

o Consequently, the previously


stated rule is amended to
include limiting elements
Limiting elements are drawn to
show the extent of curved faces
in a view

Interpretation of Geometric Features


o A straight line (visible or hidden) in a drawing or
sketch has three possible meanings:
An edge (intersection) between two surfaces
The edge view of a surface
The limiting element of a curved surface (e.g., cylinder)

Understanding Projections

14

Understanding Projections
o Types of Projection
Perspective projectors
come together at station
point
Parallel

Fig. 2.1 Concept of projection. Points a-h


are piercing points.

Understanding Projections
o Types of Projection
Perspective
Parallel
Oblique
Orthographic
Isometric
(Axonometric)
Multi-view

Fig. 2.3 Classification of projections.

Projections:
Isometric Pictorials and Multiviews

17

Isometric Pictorials and Multiviews


o In ENG 1C03, you will be studying two types of graphical
representations of objects:
Isometric Pictorials
Multiviews

o Both are types of parallel projection


o They differ in the intended effect of the representation

Isometric Pictorials and Multiviews


o Isometric pictorials are intended to produce a view of
an object that is three-dimensional in appearance
o A multiview combines multiple two-dimensional views
of the object

Isometric Pictorials

20

Isometric Pictorial
o Object tipped to planes of projection so all principal
faces are shown in single view
An isometric pictorial is a
pictorial representation of
an object rotated 45 and
tilted 36 160
o Objects represented by
isometric pictorials will
normally appear three
dimensional

Isometric Pictorial
o Defining characteristics:
Parallel, orthographic, axonometric projection

o In an isometric pictorial, right angles do not usually


appear as right angles
Parallel lines are parallel

o Lengths of the principal


edges are foreshortened
Equal foreshortening along
all three axes
Isometric means equal
measure

Multiviews

23

Multiviews
o Isometrics are optimal for visualization purposes
However, a complete and clear description of an object
is necessary to ensure the object is manufactured as
intended by designer
Solution: a multiview drawing

o A multiview is a graphical representation using two or


more views
The views show only two dimensions of the object
Such views provide certain definite information

Multiviews
o It is a type of orthographic projection
Recall: an orthographic projection is a particular kind of
parallel projection

Multiview Defined
o Any object can be viewed from six mutually
perpendicular directions
o Top view referred to as the
plan view
o Front, rear and side views
referred to as elevation views
o Views are arranged on paper
according to standards (ANSI)
o Top, front, and bottom views
align vertically
o Rear, left-side, front and rightside views align horizontally
Fig. 4.2 The six principal views.

Multiview Defined
o Standard Views:
Front or Frontal (F)
Displays height, width
Horizontal or Top (H)
Displays width, depth
Profile or Side or Right Side (P)
Displays height, depth

Multiview Alignment
o Note the alignment and relative
position of the views
The top view is always above
the frontal view when present

o The profile (right-side) view is


always to the right of the frontal
view when present
Why is this the case?

Multiview Alignment Glass Box


o Helps understand standard arrangement of views
o Looking inside a box, one would see six views

Fig. 4.8 The glass box.

Multiview Alignment Glass Box


o Organize views of 3D object on flat sheet of paper
o Imagine six planes of the glass box being unfolded

Fig. 4.9 Unfolding the glass box.

Multiview Alignment Glass Box


o Position of six planes after unfolding are representative
of how one would arrange views in a drawing

Fig. 4.10 The glass box unfolded

A straight line in a multiview drawing is


indicative of:
A. An intersection
between two surfaces
B. The limiting element of
a cylinder
C. The edge view of a
surface
D. All of the above
E. How can we know?

Multiviews Necessary Views


o All views of an object must be examined to determine
the meaning of the lines
Without both views,
we would never know
if this was a curved
surface or an edge!

How many views are required to sketch the


object shown below?
A.
B.
C.
D.

One
Two
Three
Four

Principles of Orthographic Projections


o Alignment of Features: every point or feature in one
view must be aligned on a parallel projector in any
adjacent view
o Distances in related views:
distances between any two
points of a feature in related
views must be equal

Principles of Orthographic Projections


o True length and size: features are
true length or true size when lines
of sight are perpendicular to
feature

o Foreshortening: features are


foreshortened when lines of sight
are not perpendicular to feature
i.e., feature angled to plane of
projection
36

Principles of Orthographic Projections


o Edge Views: surface that are
parallel to the lines of sight will
appear on edge and be
represented as a line
o Contiguous Areas: no two
contiguous areas can lie in the
same plane
Two areas sharing
a common border

37

Principles of Orthographic Projections


o Configuration of Planes: areas that are
the same feature will always be similar
in configuration from one view to the
next, unless viewed on edge
o Parallel Features: parallel features will
always appear parallel in all views

38

Interpreting Views

39

Interpreting Views
o Key to interpreting
sketches or drawings
o Reverse mental process
used in projecting them

o Each view provides


certain definite
information about the
shape of the object
o In a multiview, all views
are necessary to
visualize it completely

Interpreting Views
o Front View
o Shows the objects L-shape,
its height and width, and the
thickness of its members

Interpreting Views
o Front View
o Shows the objects L-shape,
its height and width, and the
thickness of its members

o Top View
o Shows the depth and width
of the object
o Makes it clear that the
horizontal feature is
rounded at the right end
with a round hole

Interpreting Views
o Right View
o shows the height and depth
of the object
o Reveals that the left end
has rounded corners at the
top and an open-end slot in
a vertical position

Summary
o
o
o
o
o
o

Understanding Sketching Techniques


Characteristics of an Object in Solid Modelling
Understanding Projections
Isometric Pictorials
Multiviews
Interpreting Views

44

You might also like