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HCF LCM

The document discusses highest common factors (HCF) and least common multiples (LCM) of numbers. It defines HCF as the greatest number that divides a set of numbers exactly, and provides examples of finding the HCF of various numbers. LCM is defined as the lowest number divisible by a set of numbers. Methods for finding LCM, such as using prime factors or division, are described. The relationship between HCF, LCM, and the product of two numbers is also covered.

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952 views24 pages

HCF LCM

The document discusses highest common factors (HCF) and least common multiples (LCM) of numbers. It defines HCF as the greatest number that divides a set of numbers exactly, and provides examples of finding the HCF of various numbers. LCM is defined as the lowest number divisible by a set of numbers. Methods for finding LCM, such as using prime factors or division, are described. The relationship between HCF, LCM, and the product of two numbers is also covered.

Uploaded by

numerounoanu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HCF & LCM

Abhijeet Singh

H.C.F. and L.C.M.


Common factor
A common factor of two or more numbers is a number which divides

each of them exactly. For example, 4 is a common factor of 8 and 12.

Highest common factor (H.C.F.)


Highest common factor of two or more numbers is the greatest number

that divides each one of them exactly. For example, 6 is the highest
common factor of 12, 18 and 24.
Highest Common Factor is also called Greatest Common Divisor or
Greatest Common Measure. Symbolically, these can be written as
H.C.F. or G.C.D. or G.C.M., respectively

Find the H.C.F. of 70 and 90.

Solution
70 = 2 X 5 X 7

90 = 2 X 5 X 9
Common factors are 2 and 5
H.C.F. = 2 X 5 = 10

Example 2 Find the H.C.F. of 3332, 3724 and 4508

Solution
3332 = 2 X 2 X 7 X 7 X 17
3724 = 2 X 2 X 7 X 7 X 19
4508 = 2 X 2 X 7 X 7 X 23
H.C.F. = 2 X 2 X 7 X 7 = 196.

Least Common Multiple


The least common multiple of two or more given numbers

is the least or lowest number which is exactly divisible by


each of them.
For example, consider the two numbers 12 and 18.
Multiples of 12 are 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 Multiple of 18 are
18, 36, 54, 72 Common multiples are 36, 72
Least common multiple, i.e. L.C.M. of 12 and 18 is 36.

Methods of Finding L.C.M.


1. Method of Prime Factors
Step 1: Resolve each given number into prime factors
Step 2: Take out all factors with highest powers that occur in given

numbers
Step 3 Find the product of these factors.
This product will be the L.C.M.

Find the L.C.M. of 32, 48, 60 and 320.


Solution
32 = 2x2x2x2x2x1
48 = 2x2x2x2x3
60 = 2x2x3x5

320 = 2x2x2x2x2x2x5
L.C.M. = 2x2x2x2x2x2x3x5 = 960

2. Method of Division
Step 1- The given numbers are written in a line separated by

common
Step 2- Divide by any one of the prime numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 11
which will divide at least any two of the given numbers exactly. The
quotients and the undivided numbers are written in a line below the
first
Step 3- Step 2 is repeated until a line of numbers (prime to each
other) appears. Find the product of all divisors and numbers in the
last line which is the required L.C.M.

Product of two numbers


L.C.M. of the numbers X H.C.F. of the numbers
To find the greatest number that will exactly divide x, y and z.
Required number = H.C.F. of x, y and z
To find the greatest number that will divide x, y and z leaving

remainders a, b and c, respectively.


Required number = H.C.F. of (x a), (y b) and (z c)

To find the least number which is exactly divisible by x, y and z.


Required number = L.C.M. of x, y and z

Find the largest number with which when 425 and 373 are

divided, respective remainders of 2, 4 are left


425-2 = 423
373-4 = 369
HCF of 423, 369 is ????

Find the largest number with which when 394 and 658 are

divided, respective remainders of 1, 3 are left

Ans: 131

To find the greatest number that will divide x, y and z

leaving the same remainder in each case. When the


value of remainder r is given: Required number = H.C.F.
of (x r), (y r) and (z r).
When the value of remainder is not given: Required
number = H.C.F. of l(x y) l, l(y z) l and l (z x) l

Find the largest number with which if we divide the

number p, q, r the remainders are the same


Required number
HCF of (p-q) and (p-r) = HCF of (p-q) and (q-r) = HCF of

(q-r) and (p-r)

Find the largest number with which when 472, 832 and

1372 are divided the remainders are same??


832- 472 = 360
1372- 832 = 540
HCF of 360, 540 is 180

Find the largest number with which when 247, 457 and

1087 are divided the remainders are same??

Ans: 210

To find the least number which when divided by x, y and z leaves the

same remainder r in each case. Required number = K*(L.C.M. of x, y and


z) + r.
To find the least number which when divided by 5, and 8 leaves the same

remainder 2 in each case?


Ans: 42
Find the largest 3 digit number which when divided by 4 or 7 leaves a

remainder of 3 in each case


Hint : divide 999/ 28 and find the remainder
999-19= 980 is the largest 3 digit multiple of 28
Now add 3 to the number ie 980 to get the number

Find the smallest 7 digit number which when divided by 8

or 13 leaves a remainder of 5 in each case?


Lcm of 8, 13 is 104
Smallest 7 digit number is 1000000
Divide 1000000/104 remainder is 40
So 1000000-40+104 is a number divisible by 104
Add 5 to the number obtained above

To find the least number which when divided by x, y and z

leaves the remainders a, b and c, respectively.


It is always observed that (x a) = (y b) = (z c) = k
(say) Required number = (L.C.M. of x, y and z) k
Find the smallest number which when divided by 19 and 23

gives remainder of 13 and 17 respectively


19-13 =6
23-17=?

Find the largest 4 digit number which when divided by 7

and 12 gives remainder 5 and 10 respectively


7-5= ?

12-10=?
LCM of 7 and 12 is ?
Largest 4 digit number: 9999 which when divided by 84

leaves a remainder 3 so largest 4 digit number divisible by


X?
Ans: 9994

Find the smallest number which when divided by 7 gives

a remainder of 3 and when divided by 5 gives the


remainder of 2
7k +3
(7k+3) when divided by 5 gives the remainder of 2.
7k+3 2= 7k+1 is divisible by 5

So put vales in 7k+1 to find divisible of 5

Find the smallest number which when divided by 6 leaves

a remainder of 2 and when divided by 13 leaves a


remainder of 6
Actual number: 6k+2
When divided by 13 leaves a remainder of 6. so 6k-4 is a

multiple of 13

To find the n-digit greatest number which, when divided by

x, y and z. Leaves no remainder (i.e. exactly divisible)


Step 1: L.C.M. of x, y and z = L L) n digit greatest number
Step 2: remainder = R
Step 3: Required number = n digit greatest number R
leaves remainder K in each case
Required number = (n digit greatest number R) + K.

To find the n-digit smallest number which when divided by

x, y and z leaves no remainder (i.e. exactly divisible)


Step 1: L.C.M. of x, y and z = L L) n-digit smallest number
Step 2: remainder = R
Step 3: Required number = n-digit smallest number + (L
R).
Leaves remainder K in each case.
Required number = n-digit smallest number + (L R) + k.

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