&L*/

.'

PARADIGMS.

An Aramaic

in

Method.

Paradigm
THE PERSONAL
Persona] Nominative.

1'ROXOIX.

Personal Genitive or Suffix of Nouns.

A.

An Aramaic Method.

The Pronoun.
THE PERSONAL

PRO.VOIX.

11

Ax Aramaic Method.

12

Paradigm
Peal.

Ithpeel.

Perf.

Imp.

PI.

^PP

^Ppnx

2f.

^Pp

^ppnN*

2 m.

V?Pp

i^ppnx

2 m.

2f.

Pael.

B,

The

An Aramaic
Strong Verb.

Ithpaal.

Method.

13

An Aramaic Method.

14

Paradigm C. Strong
Sing.

Suffixes.

com.

masc.

3 masc.

2 fern.

rtop!

rtop

nri^ppj

nn'pDjp

Pe.Prf.3m.
3f.
2

?*op

in.

etc.

Same

as 3

f.

except that

it

does not take suffixes

rrn'ppp

2f.
lc.

3 m.

PI.

^Pp

UP

nn'rpp

nrap

rn^Dp

ntep

rqw'ppp

rnin^pp

2 m.

xm^-op

lc.

tjv i^ppp,

Inf.

with
epenth.

Tnf.
j

3fem.

vri

n^ppp

rt?t?pp

Ax Aramaic Method.

15

Verb with Suffixes.

Plur.

fem.

com.

masc.

K#ra

pa'poj?

p^Pp

P^Pp

s^n^ppj

p^ppj

prf?Pp

P^PPi

of the second person.

xrn^pp

fem.

i^-on

Ax Aramaic Method.

is

Paradigm D. Verbs Pe Nun,

Peal.

Perf.

3 m.

Aphel.

Ittaphal.

An Aramaic

Paradigm

E.

Method.

Verbs Ayin Doubled.

1"

A\ Aramaic Method.

18

Paradigm
Pe

Guttural Verbs.
Ayin Gut.

tint.
Peal.

Pet. 3m.

F,

Peal.

15^

Pael.

I.uni'illi
Peal.

Out.

An Aramaic Method.
Par. C.

Verbs Pe Aleph and Pe Yodh.

Peal.

If)

Ax Aramaic

20

Metiiod.

Paradigm H
Peal.

Perf. 3

Dpn

in.

3f.
2

nofj

2f.
1 c.

PI.

D-p',(n,K) .D'DK

(p)

iipp

or flQj5

Wjis

nppw
10pW

in.

NDp
pnep

in.

Wpg

Wi?

3f.
2

,Dpw

nr\vp
r

in.

Aphel.

Ithpeel.

(p>

np'pN*

i*p#

N?pW
finppriN

2f.

NCTtt

lc.
Inf.

Dlpq

,Dp)D

,Dpp

An Aramaic Method.

2i

Verbs Ayin Vav.

Ittaphal.

Polel.

Ithpolal.

Dprus*

opip

Dpipw

nppnN

nppip

iiDpipw

rrpoip

npoipnx

nppriN*

tfppip

jippipnK

nppflN

npsip

nppipw

ispip

npiprus*

KDOip
prtppip

Nopipw
pnpbipw

popip

[nppipw

xppm

Pcil.

3*9

etc.

&oppip

NsnnN

NSSiP

KODiDnN

DpriN*

opip

DDipw

pprus*

ppip

ppipW

^pnN*

iopip

i^pipnN*

etc.

wppip
pppnri
opriK

DOip!
pppipri

opipn*

DQipN

f^^ipnn
opipnx

pbbip"'

piDDip/r

DDipP

N*ppnp

opipp
KDDipo

opipnp
NobiDnb

3*r
etc.

Ax Aramaic Method

9J>,

Paradigm

I.

MlJUj

ouU.

Pael

Ithpeel.

Peal.

Perf. 3 m.

to

3f.

t^Aru "/***{

,i

" f'"*~
/>

XUtamjxxA'

'

c.

3f.

.2m.

prf?i

pJT?iw

?)

prfci

ft)

k*&i

2f.

lc.

ft*

zzzi+z"V

7
.

Inf. 7,7 'J Jr.

Imp.

2 m.

PI.

2 m.

f.

>f.

'

D-

N'-N-N^O
T

"

'

HN^jriN*

An Aramaic

Verbs Lamedh Aleph.

Ithpaal.

Method.
AJ)K

23
l

Ax Aramaic

24

Method.

Nouns with Pronominal

Par. J.

Feminine Xoun.
{<Yn animal.

Masculine Xoun.
|*T# time.

Singular.

Plural.

Singular.

Suffixes.

Plural.

A.bs. st.
T

(times)

(time)

Const,

st.

(times-of)

(the times

(the time)

WITH SUFFIXES.*

>n. j*|

(the animal)

(the animals)

xnyn
i

WITH SUFFIXES.

nvn

,;j 3 masc.

(animals-of)

com.

2 fern.

nvrr
T

(animal-of)

KJHR

st.

Suff. Sing. 1

(animals)

nvn

(time-of)

Emph.

(animal)

WW

TO*

rprp?

-pyn

WO

rrirp;

nnvn

nnvn
nnvn

rvivri
t

fern.

T T

rlur.

com.

WW

*onvn
T|TT

'

rdnvn

2 masc.

:|t

2 fern.

3 masc.
3

\tTTyt.

suffixes,

pnvn

pnyn

Jinnyn

rinnvn

fern.

*The forms with

Poesessivi

ITO

my

rnnvn

|t

rnnvn
|T "
I

time, thy time, etc., are sometimes called

A\ Aramaic Method.

Par. K.

Declension of Masculine Nouns.

Ax Aramaic

26

Par. L.

Method.

Declension of Masculine Nouns.

a.

Ax Aramaic
Par.

M.

Method.

27

Declension of Feminine Nouns.

1L

Sing. Abs.

An Auamah

28

Mktiiod.

Paradigm N
A. Cardinals from 1 to lO.

No.
1

With the Feminine

Absolute.
Construct.

With the Masculine

Absolute.
Construct.

in

-in

nrfrn

nr6n

IS

3
4
5
6

rtfEHN

Krai

n^ dn
v

nnc

JTi6ri

n#rn

10

rnpj;

*nn

An Aramaic

Method.

Numerals.
C.
Masculine.

Cardinals.

29

An Aramaic Method.

30

Paradigm O. Prepositions with

Suffixes.

D3

2)p

Singular.

Singular.

*7

in

in.
f.

thee

ITD

in

him

H*}

in

her

|[

m.
f.

H?

.H ?

to

thee

to

him

to

her

to

US

?
ft-NJ
T

myon

p$l
p^s

to y u

Cm.

[in?]

me

Plural.

Cm.

m\

IT ?

in.

in us

m.
f.

Plural.

[3.KJ3

-1^

-j,l,

to

in

them

L^ku.

to

them

A rcim
&S77cc.%
Z.et

AN

Aramaic Method
A CLASS BOOK FOR THE STUDY OF

THE ELEMENTS OE ARAMAIC

FROM BIBLE AND TARGUMS

CHARLES

TART

I.

R.

TEXT, NOTES

BROWN.

AND VOCABULARY

521449
CHICAGO:

AMERICAN>UBLICATION SOCIETY OF HEBREW,

MORGAN PARK.
1884.

Copyright,

1884,

by Charles K. Brown.

TO

OAKMAN

S.

STEARNS,

D. D.,

PROFESSOR OF OLD TESTAMENT INTERPRETATION IN

NEWTON THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTION;

THE TEACHER AND FRIEND,

THE PATERNAL COUNSELLOR AND FRATERNAL COMRADE,

THIS LITTLE
IS

WORK

INSCRIBED WITH RESPECTFUL AFFECTION

BY
HIS PUPIL.

PREFACE TO PART

I.

This volume is intended as a Reading Book for the acquisition of

the elements of Aramaic by the so-called Inductive method. For
Part I. The term Aramaic is chosen to
name "Chaldee," which is not strictly correct.
The following pages need a word of explanation:
To facilitate Introductory study, the Paradigms thought most1.

this reason, it is issued as

avoid the use of the

suitable to beginners have been inserted before the Title

this (first) Part,

though they properly belong

to

Part

II.,

Page of

the

Gram-

mar.
2.

who

The arrangement

of the text will be helpful chiefly to those

are familiar with the

Elements of Hebrew.

Genesis

I.

X.. of

Baer's edition, have been printed with the corresponding verso of

Onkelos on the opposite page, in order that the student may see the
elementary laws of Aramaic as they diverge from those of Hebrew.
It is thought that,

part of the text

a

under the direction of a judicious teacher, this

may

serve as a constant black-board exercise, with

Whether this idea is a sufficient excuse, as

great saving of time.

it is

the sole excuse, for the publication of a

must be decided by the

new Chrestomathy,

practical value of the same.

These chap-

by selections from the Targum of Jonathan Ben

Uzziel and from the later Targums. The Targum of Onkelos, being
the purest Aramaic and, at the same time, a nearly literal translation of the Pentateuch, seems best fitted for the acquisition of
principles; after this, the Biblical Aramaic may be studied intelligently, and its Hebraisms noted; and, lastly, the later and more

ters are followed

corrupt Targums

may

be read with advantage.

PREFACE.
The text followed has been that of Walton's Polyglot* only
readings plainly wrong (as the omission of daghesh-lene from the

A -pirates

after a consonant

altered; but the beginner

or disjunctive accent)

having been

must be warned that the

strict laws of

tone and syllabication do not obtain in Aramaic, though the different texts vary
tions of text,

ing

is

much

it is,

in

in this particular.

some

Owing

likewise to corrup-

cases, impossible to say

an error, or a Hebraism.

whether

a read-

Critical editions of the varions

versions of the Old Testament are the crying need of the time.

The Notes include textual, grammatical and hermeneutical

3.
remarks upon the text printed, including the Biblical Aramaic.
Many of them are condensations from other authors. The writer
is indebted especially to the late Dr. F. Weber and to Dr. E. Schrader in works to which reference is made. The Commentaries on
Daniel and Ezra have also been of assistance to him and some use
has been made of the translation of the Targum of Onkelos by
Etheridge.
4.

same

The Vocabulary embraces brief definitions of all words in the

Buxtorf, Levy and the Manuals have been used

selections.

freely but with occasional modification.

The author wishes to express particular thanks to Prof. William

K. Harper, Ph. D., and Mr. R. F. Harper for important suggestions
and untiring devotion to his interests, and to Rabbi B. Felsenthal
of Chicago for confirmations of his own opinion in the decision of
doubtful questions of etymology.
With the hope that this book may contribute something to the
advancement of Shemitic studies, it is offered to the student of
them.

C. R. B.

Newton Centre. May

So closely has

this

25, 1884.

been done, that the traditional authorship of the Pales-

Targum to the Pentateuch has been left undisturbed, though this

Targum in Its present [form belongs t" a date much later than the author
of the Targum on the Prophets. (See pages 15, 46.)
tinian

CONTENTS OF PART
I.

Genesis I.X., The Hebrew Text and

II.

III.

IV.

Genesis chap. VIII

Targum of Jonathan Ben
Joshua chap.
Isaiah chap. VI
Targum on the Psalms,

XX

V.

Targum

Pages
Note of References to the Biblical Aramaic
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan,

Parallel

Psalm XXIV
Psalm CL
VI. Targum on the Megilloth,
Ruth chap. II
VII. Notes on the Text
Abbreviations
Onkelos, Genesis I. X
Biblical

Aramaic

Other Targums
VIII. Vocabulary
Note to Vocabulary

I.

of Onkelos on

Page.

943
44

4547
(Jzziel,

47

4849
49

4950
5052
5370
54

5561
6269
6970
71-112
72

TEXT.

10

LIBER GENESIS.

CAPUT

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11

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11

LIBER GENESIS.
6^'

CAPUT

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t

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Adami posteri.

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24
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din

ntti

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new
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21

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32

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nip nrro

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113

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(6 1)

CAPUT

29

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fTpl

^ap pb^ pn ? lara pix H^C'

antra
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is

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4

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44

Note.

Here

np

2r\2

belong the Aramaic portions of the Bible;

Genesis

XXXI..

viz..

47 (2 words).

Jer. X.. 11.

roy
A"^:

jo xp-w
t
-it

kw-h
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* Daniel

*Ezra

IV.,

For the Longer passages

Hebrew

Bible.

IT..

in

DirV? pnoNfi
wfahit
tons
t
t - jrv:
J
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nw' mnn-pi

4bVII.,

8VI.,

18;

Kjrttta

raw

2-.

VII., 1226.

Daniel and Ezra, the student

ia

referred to his

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[ruv Dijnn

GENESIS

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nn

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8.

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xmno njhk2 nus-ini amp
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ndi

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kto pa$# n^po"] Kniapt? nip

ao Dip

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n!

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nwa^

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jrnaa oatr nn ^nsa n*ai Nnvoa ay?J3 BHp n:
na-| Nniaa p-qn wn yana nnp nn on^ ma-?
nya n! larr? Krone innn kjt?!'? fcCStfo-i jrrnrr?
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48

ISAIAH

a.

TO Kjgj iok .Try Ka'pp na i^iini KW"a

nnp* woi Koi"io Wa tonoi di prima ty hb> *h
psj kw 'nioip Korq jfcpp p#o# Kton ?pnK
k'tj rrteK 'ppo jnm in pso mw in^
piCOi

* K*Tp? fi!
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rn

3 fo

jn

p'p-jppi

tfotft? p-TTO

5
!

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Bpp n7M# rra naoy KOi*iq >pt?a tr'np pnpKi ;h

" WJO^ 'ifcXty D^Jft ^Ip PTJTYD^ naty KIf)K *?#
k^o rrfKax
n 7 n nnosfi KntpoK !?djtk Ki^pp noi kW?o h po
"7^0"! KOi? 1-0 ki^ KnaiK ? a;n tij n# man ng
niKav r kjo ?!? "po way ip: n: ng avv kik paina
6 ^po nptoai k*e>0? rpirr^Hn^'Ki :w#nK$ri
Konp w'a Knp; trpa
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7 pijifl rv;i# kh now >ptoa "hdi
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jfirrn pavn x;pnv aqpj; [p in np pi?n#n :Njn*n
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13

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51

il

N ?n finnrn ppOTI P"W"1 ^j?D? tf??EPP NOT

:Nofcitf p*?o

n^

no#o

njni

n-^o ? *?* ^io*?

rfaui

NJOTN HNJOTN

Napu

nhsn ty

wijrYioflf^ ^#3 fpm rm^'N

n ?"! Noyoi DNion finnno narou

wn

tyo ?

nm

mow n;hn ty n-rjoi

rn no
1

nW

"io

Tt> lOtto ttfQ

n?

^1X1 :! Nfipto? H
>l

"Pi NoDn "iq*q ty_ ?

T||q pstf? pfflin rwoja *? lo^nNi Nnriu
riprjsn ^riiorj d# n-Djn ntvo'b p pnwi PP'pa
frfrg

"? ">y

*!

"ffj

*px

"1^5

rpojr; Tprftrrj jppD?*i

nw

T?

ftp;

sno^ nwu* ? n ?^ rj<ninfe xjnNi t^oni

rj^ ^ay
? inioncw*
n
rriaj^ai ^ohno
no^' TjnjN rn Dtp rj-oty *?# p-jn no ?^ at? "naa
ntjutn
>nsa
no ?^
? nn*a "antsn wfrN Dip
~
itt
1

oj?

p3

"I*

12

-:

NHDf Ninnrn
npzi) n-\a
oriN

wt\

t|t:

r\y?w *im rnnn rraOTN^

rvifi]

inzfr nssip ]n [p

ay. sjjj^n

PPD1

rjyjE?

t t v: t:

rnqNi

rrsB^K

w#n

hn^i

^ittj 13

nti^o
orwi
N*?rrM
'aTD ? jmBONi]
-:- ph
-;-:-: jnoro
t
t
t
1

|:

fpnp ? jniTD^rj] rjnpN d ? ?# ppirqri

njj"! Na^j;

no ?^] p'pn ^ nno ? or ?

^nnpN
fjjft r#ia n ? -ioni
1

=p"!#P

T'PDi K017 ?

rr ? aq*o awrip-pp T

xin ;>

jo ^dtti KD^pn

&$$

pjrn

onjp nthi^d

14

oijnn

52

:n^ntw] njn^i rtsgi^ nop n ?

1

>b

"\3#?TOj7!

i6

it

from

n^ p-iwi
:

m nswn

[p npiDNn

N^PIfi
1

tfTgypx

rv nrtoff?

afti

[n

nxim rpnp

^7?? TJfl
k*tdk

pipatfm

prrri^ nini
Pinion njm xrnp?

rfrro

pro?

nt^OT np
iN^i

njnsprin

max nm^

tpiyp

i8n'f;n rraioi

-dj-'P ?

"irip f]Ni

jt

*W
rp*?

nnioq n?

fl!3 ft ?

JT1W0H

jraa an;

n^ntraa *rpj ary mo$n np# na^p ? n^npan

iino nrfo ? pjg3 rroti jrtfn npnp pn kdv
1

d#i tin

ox nvra'p

NB^pp

patr Nfrj h

oijo

^np p$ n ? rnpg)
1

ran tojTTisb JH5I Kft

21

^h

22

nnp^i :^h wnvn ^p n! pw'! hdi

d#

Nan

d#

pisri

23npniNi

nyni

~on*

cnv

mix

nD

t]N

Ant. Paris P.

WD-ISD.

[pr

nn

rnogi

-# pspinn

nrVpa rvn nY? pjjj

^a

ino^
"^VO ? ^31 *inp ?W3

w'H

pjri#

n^i

II?
:

rrasto

*mo

to *W

:pnix Spna

pijfl?

wrr

pinion

d# nrrnn

pcari

NOTES

OF ABBREVIATIONS*

LIST

USED

NOTES AND VOCABULARY.

IN

act., active,

Ittaf., Ittaphal.

adj., adjective,

Jer.,

adv., adverb.

in.,

Aph., Aphel.
apoc, apocopated,

ord., ordinal.

c,

Pa., Pael.

common,

cans;.,

Jerusalem.

masculine.

part., participle,

parte, particle,

causative,

com p., compound,

-ed.

partic, particularly,

conj., conjunction.

pass., passive.

const., construct.

Pe., Peal,

daghesh.
dem., demonstrative,

per.,

denom., denominative.
(Mil ph., emphatic,

pi., plur.,

esp., especially.

prep., preposition.

dag.,

f.,

feminine.

foil.,

person.

pers., personal,

plural,

preform., preformative.

pr. n.,

proper name,

pron., pronoun.

following.

Imp., Imperative.

pronom., pronominal,

Impf., Imperfect.

refl.,

Inf., Infinitive

s.,

insep., inseparable.

Shaf., Shaphel.

inter., interrogative,

sig.,

interj., interjection.

sulij.,

Ishtf., Ishtaphal.

subs., substantive,

Ithpa., ItKpaal.

suff., suffix, -es.

Ithpe., Tthpeel.

Taii;'..

Those omitted

will

reflexive.

sing., singular.

he readily understood.

signification.

subjunctive.

Targum.

NOTES ON THE TARGUM OF ONKELOS.

GENESIS I X.
Chap.

abbreviation for HliT,

**,

I. 1.

Targums

to render *^*1^,

J"!*

is

generally used in the

an d 0*ri.Ni the latter usually

when

D'Ht^

(TliT

as here it occurs as the sole appellation of the Deity.

v:

appears

in the

XH T7 X m
T

London Polyglot

ar>d, as is said, in

of this sole abbreviation in the

to

emph.. state, indicated by

Heb.

article,

"Ul

blowing

means

idea,

NITm

KHt'N

spirit, as

common

* *

Sim-

v:

offered.

The

Xl^N-

This ending stands properly for the

comes

it

to be used, just as

used, without idea of defmiteness.

and

the icind

from

the presence

of the Lord was

meaning

for (TH- If
some maintain, we have here the opening of an

to the

God

^"IN- N^&V

it

The connection points out

etc.

sent forth by

is

satisfactory explanation

Targums has been

pronounce

but the state marked by

the absolute state

2-

as

No

Polyglot as

in the Paris

expressions render nlfT ^"TX-

Jews were accustomed

it

'{< **,

some other editions

."

ilar

as

this

Jewish theology, of

a personal, created being,,

to operate in the forces of nature

and upon the

the souls of men.*

4.

C^I^X.

II-

"\X)

Tsere written fully as often in the Targums.

fcOti^ herb whose son-seed

is

sown

i.

e.

such vegetable

products as contain in the plant the seed to be sown.

the usual Targum-suffix for
*

This

is

J"|

the opininion of Weber.

stinischen Theologie,"

page

184.

v\*XT)t has

See his "System dcr Altsynagogalen Palae-

Leipzig, 1880.

NOTES.

56

r)|T)X Aph. for ri[5)N-

12.

of Sh'va.

*nljf?

In the unpointed text

for *iy*?F\-

^KJHvfl

13.

Tsere frequently occurs

in

place

kinds*

to his

M wa s used

distinguish final *__ from . _ and then J< was inserted in place of
14.

prp

21.

iS

28.

N^nil- *_ for ShVa.f

ppn usually ppfi in Onkelos.

31.

Chap.

to

with'them {yn\r$).

C'n"n.

II. 2.

Tsere for Sh'va.

V^*T*

form

Peel, a peculiar Pael

in

which

takes

The second Tsere

the place of daghesh in the second radical.

is

used interchangeably with Hireq as occurs very frequently in the

several conjugations of Aramaic verbs.
L,

See Note on

4.

D'n

5.

clearly erroneous. Read C^N") with the editions cited

C'TJO'
T

at

I.

n\**n and

'UH

ptD^p^P

8.

it

(breath) lecame in

9-

j?*N1 and{the)

'1JH

good and

evil.

XrT?"0 The

12.

tree the eaters

p.tD^H for

a talking spirit.

of whose fruit know between

p23fT

Punctuators adopted this pointing to avoid

confusing Qamets with Qamets-Hatuph.

The Berlin

not necessary to suppose witt Buxtorf and the

is

edition refer-

The Paris Polyglot has Holem.

red to has the correct reading.

It

Adam

probably means here in the early time, formerly.

Onkelos misunderstood the passage.

so,

I. 1.

28.

7.

If

Hebraism.

N-

grammarians who have

followed him thai Onkelos has rendered exactly the Heb. (and therefore th it
'Hi

is

used

in

the

Targums

for n_>; for in vs. 21 he has

mistake in a form which makes the fad evident.

words which would be the same

in

scanty proof for irregular usage.

t

form for both

See note on VII.

So in Buxtorf and the Polyglots.

and Vienna,
edition

am

1859,

Tsere appears as

made

precisely the

At best,
sing,

and

same

on
nouns offers

assertion based
plur.

14.

In the editions of onkelos, Berlin, 1863

in vs. 21.

indebted to Rabbi Felsenthal.

For certain readings of the Vienna

GENESIS
1

TlDNl KITH!? ?

14.

ward

P^DNT
J^NDI,
t

')X\

its

**!,

*in

i.

c, to the front-

out

from

the tree

of those who ratine/

'

The Paris Polyglot has

fruit discern etc.

18.

East of Assyria

to the

of Assyria.

(this side)

17.

III.

so pointed,

means

1).

that lias been; but this introduces

Two

a singular turn of thought.

v3N as in vs.

other explanations are possible

(1) that the words are a corruption from the single word ^liT*!;

(2) that

^nQ ?
1

of the Paris Polyglot and other editions

is

the cor-

rect text.

rD^P.3

23.
lical

in

Bib-

This verse seems to refer to the unfitness of intermarriage

24.

among near

relatives,

pp^np

25.

glot

more frequent

Peil, a Passive conjugation,

Aramaic.

and perhaps

chap. in.
5.

3.

p2"^"V

an idea not contained in the original.

probably should be Ithpe. as in the Paris Polyin

Walton.

mn = nb $fr n.
On

account of the sublimity of God, the Jewish

human to Him, much less an aphuman being. Hence the text must

theologians would assign nothing

proach to divine attributes to a

be improved wherever any such likeness

1

6.

{*s'?Dr)DX
-

j"P-l

through

t t

it,

!'i

is

found.

either to contemplate

it

or to Leome wise

probably the latter.

fQD^

as

though

had Sh'va

rather than Pattah.

Hebraistic plural.

7.

prif.

8.

&Ob*Qt

This term

Word.

*)N and means the

God when there is involved

derived from

is

It is applied in the Targu'ms to

This personal idea grew

the idea of His active agency in the world.

out of such passages as

Isa.

LV.

11.

At

first, it

appears in these

Paraphrases where the original contains anthropomorphic expressions,

but

mundane

it

soon came to be employed for

activities; thus, creation

God

in

His immediate

and judgment are attributed

to

NOTES.

58

Person,

tlii s

He

Redeemer and Protector of

the

is

Israel,

and her

prophets receive their commission from Him.

This Person

is

carefully to be distinguished from a mere messen-

God and from the Messiah of the Old Test. It must be remembered also that, while the later Jewish theology dropped the
term as they did their idea of the immediate activity of God in the

ger of

world, the word

mean

JO^u*

really supplied its place, having

come

to

the personal representative of God, rather than the imper-

^1,

sonal symbol of His presence*

with Pattah as though be-

*1

fore tflgiT'TIl'"! for

10.

as if

iT?rfl

it

were

fully as so often in the Targums.

Such forms throw

with /I assim.
ii.

y-n^H-j.

13.

jyjjDK

15.

'1JH

is

also written

Ithpa. from "IlDw

light on the so-called Ittaphal.

XJ and >$$$.

fcOH he shall

at the beginning

Tsere

Peil.

jV"lEpN-

and

be

mindful of thee what thou didst

to

him

thou shalt be watchful of him at the end.

should read frnfitf.

19.

N")2N

21.

Onkelos wrongly interpreted

")^

as the part of

man

to

be

covered instead of the material out of which the covering was made.
22a.

circumlocution to avoid the theology of the original pas-

See Note on

sage.

Chap. IV.

1.

bad theology.

**
t:

vs. 5.

DHp

D"Tp-?!Dt|t:

was

word very useful

far

from men

in the

His name could not even be pronounced, much

supposed to

act in the help-giving

*"03 which

to avoid

t|t.

Jehovah was

way described

upper regions.

less could

He be

in the original.

4.

**03

7.

Will not, if thou makcst good thy work, there be forgiveness for

Urn
*

for

mill, if thou tlost not

For

Weber.

a satisfactory

See

p. 174 sq.

is

found

make good

in

some

thy trek,

editions.

to tlu

day of judgment

explanation of this Jewish idea the writer

of the volume already mentioned.

is

indebted to

GENESIS

59

VI.

thy sin is reserved, which will be exacted from thee, if thou do not repent,

and,

if thou repent, it will be forgiven to thee.

interpretation of Onkelos might he correct were

The

13.

it

not

for vs. 14 which shows that Cain seeks a mitigation of punishment.

See

*)>&*.

14.
16.

"!') in

Vocabulary.

Onkelos seems

ppip^.P-

to

mean

that this land (of the

HJ) was prepared for Cain in

The Hebrew simply asserts that it was East of

wanderer and outcast, as he defines

the beginning.

Eden.
20.
23.

man

The

|irQ"V

|JJQ#

for

suffix is pleonastic.

N j;X'-Nn iN
t

have I killed that on his account

also not a youth have

I destroyed

for

KJ^^.- WN^ not a

I should bear punishment and

that on his account

my

seed should

be finished (Ithpeel).
24.

IN^jlN

26.

ItTT forebore, ceased.

for 'Hltf >'e suspended.

Chap. V.

Compare carefully the Hebrew

of this chapter, note

the different order of the numerals and the plural pJJ*/ for the singular in Hebrew.

Chap. VI.

1.

IXHtf/.

We

must suppose

either, (1) that this is

a very irregular Peal form used like such forms as lit*'

Us

brew) or Vli*/ (after the analogy of the other conjugations);

that

The
3.

it

is

He-

or, (2)

Pael, initial Sh'va having been substituted for Qamets.

editions, as far as consulted, unite in the reading of the text.

For ideas

mann on
4.

in

in the original

which Onkelos has missed see Dill-

Genesis.*

pHj^

for

' or '. [iHilD

|1^1 and

they (the daughters)

were bearing on account of them (the giants).

*

In Kurzgefasstes ezegetisches Handbuch zum Alt.

Leipzig, 1882.

Test.

Die Genesis,

4.

Aufl.,

NOTES.

60

6.

nn0*03-

7.

jTDri-

11-

See Note to

III. 8.

Seghol incorrectly with \

|*2iOn

Some

robberies.

editions have the reading j'^lOfl

robbers.
20.

VfoW

Chap. VII.

for

' or

1.

*JDin.
t:
t

Other editions have the

'.

Dip

Hebrew

The Heb.

P*!?"?.

nouns and pron. of the 3d person

r<

noun and takes suf-

originally a

t|t:

t|

fixes in the plural after the

the ending

is

latter.

Most

analogy.

article is

editions give

used with dem. pro-

in the sense of just this or this

ry.

14.

may

T\yfr

Dan. VIL'20 and

1(3.

be taken as plural noun with

Gen.

cf.

pJN protected

change of

I.

suff.

3d

f.

See

|*JJj{.

The

sing.

12, 20.

or sheltered

pj Aph.

from

J^tf or

lung into the corresponding short vowel with dag. forte,

or the reverse, and the consequent appearance of alternative forms,

which

is

of both

frequent

n
%

strictly that

and

j\JX

in

Aramaic,

is

illustrated in

Perhaps

fT^ from PlM

is

from pj and that

better perhaps, CO.} in Hebrew.

Aph. from

suggests an original ftrO-

or,

Hebrew by the use

may be said more

it

JJJ

and

pjjtf

this

Cf.

the Aramaic synonyms C"l3 an d C*3^-

Chap. VIII.

3.

PDW

for tf according to the regular usage of

For Qamets read Pattah

See the Paradigm. IIDfl-

the Targums.

with Paris Polyglot.

"Q1J3 which

13.

131.33 for

16.

p13 from pflj.

17.

WSy)

Inipf.

is

found

in

some

editions.

Peal from '**} with dag. forte incorrectly

omitted.

Chap. IX.
6.

11.

.").

tuTV'i'TUT-

fl3jT#|)l Hebraism for JOiX'sDl

Ithpe. Impf. from -]#K
qi.

Ithpeel from

V't!'-

rf

GENESIS
TfiX1#5- Pael Inf witn

14.

X.

61

suff of lst Person.

-

Mty becomes

before suffixes.

JT1J.1J7
T

pD"l- Paris Polyglot 'y\ (see Note to II. 12).

noun some editions read "0*10 which seems preferable.
lo'

For

24.

-|J/flN from ")1^.

27.

N^pp'-

this

In the Targums, the relation of the Shechinah to

God is such, that the former is simply

men as the sign of the Divine presence

the Glory (Kip*, *1p*N) of

the latter

made

visible to

and activity and personal communion with them.

Glory

itself, for

den from

all

that dwells upon the throne in

but God, but

it is

It is not that

Heaven and

is

hid-

glory of the glory, splendor from the

At the same time, personal interGod and His people is maintained, and the Shechmade to dwell with them through the efficient action

splendor of His countenance.

course between
inah itself
of the

is

Word.

In the later literature, there was grafted on this notion the personal idea contained in N"")Q*Q, this being necessitated by the exclusion of the latter from the theology.

only the splendor of

God made

The Shechinah

visible in cloud,

the mediator of the Divine operations.

is

now not

but also becomes

Its personal qualities in-

crease and at last there appears full-grown the idea of a Shechinah,

not merely active in Israel, but present in every place, and, through

God

it,

enters into any desired earthly activity, without vacating

His proper abode

in the

heavenly sphere*

8 and below Note on Isa. VI.

Cf above Note on
.

III.

1.

Chap. X. 11. ^Dirn. A name given to a suburb of Nineveh

from the broad squares of which it was composed.
25.

ru^snN

See Weber,

i.

p. 179 sq.

q.

nfrsriN.

NOTES.

NOTES ON THE BIBLICAL ARAMAIC.

JEREMIAH
Hebraism for

DiPl-

sound, as
is

frequent in the Targums.

This verse

Chap.

NjTjtt

hanl

its

probably an interpolation made during or after the

is

The MS. 526

of Kennicott omits

II.

1 f r

il^-

II. 5.

for

in

The exchange

}-DN* for p"lDN , il'pN- Hebraism.

DANIEL
NHb'")

11.

for

appears in Arabic, passes easily into p.

it

captivity.

X.

fin JO"IX

\NHC*> The

4b VII.

it.

28.

as often in Biblical Aramaic.

Chaldeans of the Book of Daniel formed

the priest class of the Babylonian wise-men, later writers sometimes extending the term to the entire college of wise-men, and
also gave

much

attention to astronomy and astrology.

meaning of the term appears

ably

first

class, for

This limited

The name was

applied by outlying peoples to travelling

whole sec Note on V. 30.

quently in Biblical Aramaic.

changed to

of the

men

repre-

is

use to designate the people as

\lTw^2-

Nlft?

as usually in the

reading of Baer, K"tfN

its

PI

for

as occurs fre-

for {<

jl^N

(1

i-

Talmud with the 3d

Part. act.

prob-

members

Babylonia (Chaldea) gave the sciences these

sented to the entire Orient* For

a

Daniel.

first in

Q- *?
f.

and jl

sing.)f

is

The

Various other explanations

f.

t: |t

have been offered for which consult the Commentaries and especially

Note by Fried. Delitzsch

OJIJHlnfl (0_ |U*"Tinn).

preference

is

pf

in

tense characteristic.
*

in the preface to Baer's Edition.

The

sign of the Aph.,

Biblical Aramaic,
,l

T0-

is

See 2 Kings X. 27

See Riehm Handivoerterbuch dcs Biblischcyi AUcrthums.

Schrader.
t See

Grammar of Luzzatto

which by

often retained after the

p. 88.

Art. Chalducr by

>

DANIEL
Probably

n*tf*0-

6.

office

tiDHI your law,

^13N- In some verbs
9.

e.,

i.

'

See

or position.

the purpose of

all

v. 17.

of you

is

the same.

It

appears as

G3

II.

is

assimilated as J and then, conversely,

accordance with later usage, which occasionally

J, in

lowed the insertion to avoid doubling the following consonant.

al-

Cf.

vs. 25.

10.

Dblfl

Hebraism.

*?2V-

(0*111) sacred scribe.

See Gren.

XLI. 24. flj^^ conjurer from v"|CO to breathe, the breath being
employed in their incantations (This reading is to be preferred to
that given in Vocabulary.)
12.

*p**)!l.

general term including the priests and other

learned classes in the realm.

jinp..? for

13.

^pll

14.
19.

It

is

,l

'^.

?tDprip were being

Ace. with

?-

^J, according

*j

most

to

authorities,

better with Luzzatto to call

22.

$yn$.

25.

'"J^il-

Read

As

is

slain.

as direct object.

it

a passive participle.

is

Peil Perfect.

for

inserted, in

impure Aramaic,

to avoid doub-

whether dag. forte has arisen from J or not, so it

sometimes employed to form a mixed syllable, where a simple

ling a consonant,
is

syllable

with heightened vowel would be expected.

See Note to Gen. IX.

26.

jflJfTlrfa

27.

pirj diviners or astrologers who pretended

destinies of

men from

9.

to

determine the

the place of the stars at their birth.

See Note to

30.

>Sj.

34.

nirjnn, np*jn

39.

iroi. q.in*o.
JHfl from jftfH.

40.

See vs.

14.

vs. 19.

for

niunn, np*in.

Daniel became governor of the province of

")J0 np^t^flBabylon and president of the college of wise-men. The Chaldean
48.

kingdom was divided

into provinces (III.

2).

pJJD administrators

NOTES.

64

or vice-gerents
(

In

4 .\

hero,

the leaders of the wise-men.

gate of the king,

tht

commands

while his friends executed his

Chap. III.

2* The names
The

certain etymology.

he resided

e.,

i.

See III.

the roya] court

at

for the

2.

rovincc.

of some of these officials are of un-

however, seem to be classed

first three,

together and to include executive functions while the others refer

to judicial

and financial matters.

N^jDTlu'n^

thi

governor-gen-

These were the chief representatives of the king

rods.

in the pro-

vinces and were set over them as administrators of their

The

derivation

is

affairs.

from old Persian and Zend [province-guardians),

Greek, Zarfxi-r/r $\3JD the superintendents, lieutenant-satraps. At

first

the

for the

included spiritual and

office

most part

functions but finally was

civil

a military position.

}<?jT)P3These

the old Persian but of doubtful meaning.

Probably from
officers

and represented

itary or civil according to the period

were mil-

a sovereign as

**R{^) the
Hi'jn 7J$ (from
chief counsellors, supreme judges. {^"OH.! (Aryan) the managers
8; VI. 21. NHDiTl (old Persof the public treasury. See Ezra
law, the lawyers. ^'D^D
ian) the learned
_Xi) dispensers of justice, counsellors. \?u?u* rulers, such officials as are not
previously enumerated. Cf. Ecc. VIII.
rO^fl feas of dedica,

provincial prefects or governors.

~)?J1

I.

in tfa

4.

Cf.

tion.
'

Ezra VI.

16.

NJ"lp horn, the tuba of the

ancients.

from p"IC

Sec Josh. VI.

5.

to whistle.

Probably

the Septuagint has rendered correctly by shtpherd 's pipe,

composed

KiTpi'ltyO

" musical reed or

fife

of several reeds of different lengths and thicknesses

which was played

Greek

the end. lHj"V*

harp. frODC
'>

therefore
*

at

".
is

see

For the terms used

D^jVp

is

:'

and

the Greek

<

-]

to the

of Syrian origin and the

had four stringsJHflJDfl

Tt

In vss.

or

The word corresponds

{02D-

but the instrument

Shi mitic.

bound together,

cially Kt-il

is

and Lange

of

name
Creek

In luco.

DANIEL
from the harp only

origin differing

relation to the sounding-board.

Greek.

It consisted of

may

65

in the position of the strings

JTJiDtOID

with

from the

bag-pipe,

two pipes passed through a leather bag

such a way that when air

other

IV.

in

forced into the bag by one of them the

is

be played like a flute and gives forth screaming tones

heightened by the presence of the bag.*

8.

TNTC'D

of any

one"

13.
14.

ing?

of the

have them

to

ViJ^n is a mixture of Aph. with Heb. Hoph.

.not servrrt73N"iyrf- Are ye of malicious design.
N"li* ma y b e explained by the Heb. H^IV- F r other de.

19-

Jews and wished

office.

rivations consult the Lexicons

17.

" eat the pieces

according to Shemitic usage, to calumniate him.

is,

The Chaldeans were jealous

removed from

To

probably used as in V. 30.

is

Unless

"UilC'X-

and Commentaries.

See Notes to Gen.

JOn*DPtr.

II.

2 and Gen. IX.

appears incorrectly for

")

*,

14.

this is a case

of attraction.
21.

V2T

Peal with Pael termination.

For the

articles

of

clothing here mentioned, see the Commentaries.

Pass. part, for fft$.

22.

nrNV

2(3.

tifry

29.

i.

q.

ptt6# from *#.

part Pl ?^ for
1

Pass,

D*&-

-.

Chap. IV.

ftfcjf.
T

D*B>- Peih

3.

4.

P^y should be Y>ty for V^lp.

9.

flTT.

masculine.

PH*
VttV-

would belong
Ithpeel.

to

noun feminine; flTT

to

noun

fl is inserted to preserve the triliter-

ality of the root.

14.

~1^l-

7^

before a consonant of like organ as

change the latter into the same.

*

See Winer,

lie alio trterbuch, II. \~1.

D^JS'JN-

Hebraism.

its *?

may

NOTES.

G6

ICWQ for iTWQ.

L5.

Omit

i9.

'J02
rvT)

24.

The king

16.

for

or place

Hireq under

it.

rvrn.
is

exhorted

to

break

off his

course of sin by dealing

righteously and mercifully with his subjects.

/A"/

tin re I"

30.

TTO.

32.

"To

33.

fttpnn.

Chap.

')})

?,"7

//(you wish)

etc.

Peil

strike

upon one's hand"

Hophal.

"li^u'*

A'. 1.

!!}

signifies to restrain him.

See Note to Gen.

IT. 12.

son "f Nabunahid, the last king of Baby-

lon, was apparently ruler in the capital during the absence of his

father

who went out

to

meet Cyrus

3-

VilC'N

exhibits a rare use of

7.

*j-|7i"V

for *fl .fV ty

way

in battle.*

X prosthetic
"'

in the

Peal Perf.

" third or triumvir.

(It is

doubtful whether the text contains the true reading, but the essential

idea

is

not changed by the omission or change of the final letter.)

io.

ri^y_

for rfoy_-

13

H^Vf.

Heb. Hoph.

NH^R

for Kn^fl,
^fl. See III. 29.
hher explanations have been proposed, all, however,

^?y\T\ probably for

16.
the tin

nl pa ft.

including the idea of a triumvirate (of which Daniel was one) for

the administration of the realm.

17.

7]rV305

confer).

See VI.

The context nearly

forces this meaning

preter in the present passage, while

II. 6.

Ewald

view.

The

skrit

it

See Kiehm.

to

inter-

suits well the connection in

derivations of the word from **^ or

namas

power

upon the

refers to the old Persian lor a confirmation of this

are

by gifts or prest
*

3.

thy offices (the positions thou hast in thy

all

nts.

very doubtful.

or the San-

The ancient versions render

["2% and "2% are found in

Art. B< Isazer by Schrader.

vd/iia/ia

some MSS.

it

DANIEL
D*CH<

Peil.

24.

I-P^tr,

27.

NT^pn.

30.

i\*H^3 Chaldean.

Peil.

See Gen. XXII.

of Sheniitic origin, having proceeded

2000 B.

C*

to

VI.

22.

This people was

from Arabia between 3000 and

Southern Babylonia about Ur, thence North, at

to possess gradually increasing authority

first

and influence side by side

with the original Babylonians (Accadians), and finally, in the 17th

century B. C, to acquire the mastery over this non-Shemitic race.

Shortly after 2000 B. C. these

New

Babylonians established an As-

syrian colony which in turn subjected Babylonia itself about 1300

B. C. and continued the ruler of the East until the middle of the

7th century B. C.

The Chaldaic

period, properly so called, or the

new-Chaldaic kingdom (corresponding to the new- Assyrian kingdom)

dates from the accession of Nabonassar in 747 B. C. and continued
till its

overthrow by Cyrus the Persian in 539 B. C.

The Chaldean

branch of the Shemitic languages must not be confounded with the

Aramaic. f

See however the opinion of Franz Delitzsch in the Pre-

face to Baer's edition.

Chap. YI.

15.

''TXw^

'iO was

l> i(

d upon himself

i.

e.,

was

displeased.

fWVFT. See III. 13nO{P. An irreg. Peil from DIC'pfYl female musicians (fin*! to drive, thrust), from the idea
driving away sorrow. By a transposition of "] and i~| as is found
MS. 93 of Kennicott, the rcot would be Jl"Tn to rejoice. In that

18.
19.

of
in

* The name appears first much later than this. According' to Schrader Kaldu
occurs only in the Assyrian literature and not there before 885 B. C. Judging
from his quotations from the monuments, it would seem that the name was
originally applied to Southern Babylonia, that afterward it included the territory from Babylon to the Persian Gulf and that finally it came to be used by
the Assyrian kings, now of Southern Babylonia, now of the whole country, the
latter usage being adopted by the O. T. writers. See Schrader's Keilinsehriften
u. das A. T., 2. Aufl., Giessen, 3883, p. 131 sq.
+

See Riehm, Arts, by Schrader, Assyrian, Babylonien, Chaldaer,

etc.

NOTE?.

68

case the term contains the same meaning in another phase, referring then to the happiness conferred, rather than the sorrow expelled

by those embraced

in

These explanations are given essentially

it.

Buxtorf understands instruments af music; Aben Ezra,

by Saadia.

tunes "/"/ songs; Rashi, tables; the old versions conjecture food.
24.

\*1T?# over

Chap. VII.

!|DnPand side\\.

"1l5C

20.

nniDIl-

22.

UDnn

Top

q.

?"])-

See Note on Gen! VII.

14.

Hiphil for Aphel.

EZRA
Chap. IV.

Peil.

4.

,L),

5.

it.

IV.

NOJp

8.

(")

8 VI.

and

18;

VII. 12-26.

JO^ [from "ON with ") apocopated

as in the Talmud]) as ive say, thus.

10.

n^*D

11-

NJrTUN

12.
is in

according

t<*

time, as follows.

corresponds to the usual Assyrian word for letter*

I'P/pC'K ^lu'V

belongs to previous word and the verb

Shaphel.

jlDN- The derivation of this word from the Persian

flcXi end seems less unsatisfactory than the adoption of conjec13.

tural

meanings

reading with
14.

"To

Baer adopts the

like treasury, revenue, or tribute.

final D-

season with the salt of the palace "

is

" to derive sup-

port from the king."

15.

rO"inn.
T

it.

n?

18.

Hp.

i'<i-

Hophal, see Note to Gen. II.

12.

ro;*D.
'

Peil.

See George Evans,

An

Essay on Assyriology,

p. 35,

London,

1883.

JOSHUA XX.
And

22.

JlpM~l

be cautious of committing an error in this matter.

Chap. V.

But

see

Appendix

after f^NI describing the

great weight which must be rolled to

Chap. VI.
salem
fices

p^iDD-

3.

its

iT? As

same

to the

house of

God

and whose foundations are capable of supporting

'DD

as one of

destination.

in Jeru-

house he built as a place where they are offering sacri-

let the

ture).
5.

and represented by

to Baer's text.

*f?tl, Impf. Peal in pause.

Only used

/?y~

of the Inf. omitted

JOS'?-

3.

TinV from

8-

Inf. as verbal noun in const, state.

dag. forte.
5.

69

(the struc-

a kind of Poel part.

is

SeeV.5.

r?rri

Chap. VII.

"VDJ

12.

perfect (peace), an opening salutation ex-

pressive of good will.

SeeV.

13.

TliT-

23.

ftl?"]*!^.

5.

See Vocabulary and

Grammar

of Luzzatto p. 51.

Cf. Fried. Delitzsch, Preface to Baer, p. VI.

NOTES ON THE REMAINING SELECTIONS.

Gen. VIII.

3.

frjgO.

Pleonastic suffix. \^T\\

and

were

often doubled to indicate consonantal value.

4.

pip evidently for pT)j5

7.

1' , frO ,

10.

'

X1T'.
t
-

Pael Inf. for

Josh.
5.

XX.

3.

i-

<1-

1T]p.

an orthographic corruption for 1&**5*"1-

fTjnO-

NTTE>.
T T -

Suff.

= the killer.-pnn.

rriorno'i (Mi-D-in-i-iO-i)-

Pael Impf.

NOTES.

70

Isa.

t" tin-

VI. 1. &npS iTp"VQ. NDflD, KD8P3, VtBI- According

Jewish theology, the heavens are composed of seven spheres,

the upper being the abode of

God and

his righteous ones

and con-

In the central of these

sisting of three concentric spheres.

is

the

Throne "f God, separated by a "T)J")3 (curtain) of clouds from the

sphere of righteous men, who, in turn, are separated by a second

The righteous dead and the angelic messenGod and hear His voice from behind the TUH^D-

one from the angels.

gers draw near to

The Throne of Glory within

is

the eternal seat of God, of sapphires

By

with footstool of the same.

proclaimed

it. is

ancy the Glory of God, a glory which

of

God Himself, and

From this brilliant

is

light,

in blinding brilli-

the form, as

it

were,

frequently identified with the personality of

God.

glory

is

emitted a splendor called Vf,

which constitutes the food of angels,

illumines earth itself.*

See above

5.

^rjpfor^ro.

Ps.

XXIV.

the heavenly spaces and

fills

p. 61.

"Ul "IIU contains names which the later Jews

3.

applied to Paradise, the final abode of the righteous.

7.

*>*""iri-

Two

9-

["U^

Ni"GJ

gates, of rubies, led into Paradise. X

future Paradise, containing everything

the

pleasant to taste and smell and delightful to eye and ear.

Into this

sensuous abode, the place of fruits and flowers and delicate food,
to the sight of precious stones

and the song of angelic choirs, the

righteous, suitably accoutred, are guided by angelic bands. tt

p.

(II.

1 HP whatever that. T)Q

'DTET1 intrans. omitted.

Ruth
11.

TJ. 7.

Weber 158-161.

perhaps,

Weber a30.

Weber 331.

tt

Weber

331, 332.

suppose.

See

VOCABULARY.

NOTE. It must
may have

labe

be remembered that in Aramaic

mixed

long vowel, that tone-long vowels and those natur-

ally-long are used interchangeably and that short vowels

used for the corresponding long ones and the reverse.

full

Many

from the fact that

vowel-letters

which many

eral readings in the

were employed

Xote

t3

and

may be used

be inserted;

in the

unpointed

to

are freely interchanged and less

e. g.,

Holem and

Dan. V.

are equivalent to

indifferently.

e. g.,

1DX

or

1DN:
T

In seeking the definition of verbs,

stated otherwise, that the Pael

is

Shureq.

Cf. the sev-

17.

and

J"l

JV

Final X.

Instead of doubling a conso-

nant by dag. forte, the previous vowel

may

given

editions have retained in addition to vowel-signs.

frequently other vowels also;

and

is

be

both

of these differences undoubtedly arose

The vowels Hireq and Tsere

The consonants

may

Heme

and defective forms appear of which usually only one

in the Vocabulary.

text,

syl-

may be

N3N
T

heightened; or a J

or X-12N-

it will

be understood, unless

equivalent to the Peal, and that

the Ithpe. and Ithpa. are passive in signification.

VOCABULARY.
[2N and V2&
DNV

with suff.
as,

JON;

m. father, emph.

DK

it

takes the form "QX;

MN %

JTQK and

/.,

*OK*t/. (also?p%/).
With one
used for

w.v

suff.

T T

2N,

or

wo**

etc.,

/i

of either sing, or

K3N\ N3

to perish.

"Olil same;
Hoph.

pate.

Aph.

"O^ an(

151^

to I" des-

$e month Adar (12th,

about March).

*VTK m.

threshing-floor.

shepherd's pipe ; water-

pr. n.

chiefjudges.

KimX

adv. perhaps carefully

jTriiSI

an)*.

|TlK,

c.

WTW

[or eagerly.
f- <*>

Hnx

pr. n.

Plur. const.

Uzal.

pfllNV p_mN*

organ.

^NE'Dtf

pr- n.

Admah.

to destroy, extir-

troyed.

D13N m

"I1K

|^?^1N* P1
and

J0.3N m. fruit, produce.

13K

ground.

pr-

plur. nouns.

emph.

[HX adv. tfcn. p"IN*5 same.

D1X m. wwm; pr. n. Adam.
ntD"lK

-:

same.

emph. NfirDNi

reward.

epwtfe, Zeer.

f.

f-

>nr\2$

suff.

N"UN f.
m.JN

KD"lN

Tinrox
t t t

/.,

using

is

stone.

"UK m.pay,

fON,

Plur.

myf.

const. firOK.

with

JOK

exception,
\*
k

*UN,

Abimael.

adj.

m. other, an-

other.

*"iniX

adj.

T&'IN

pr. n.

f.

seonc.

(Heb.) Qpfttr.

VOCABULARY.

71

row

in.

Nn'IN

f.

N3"NN

"'".v.

TON* m.

law.

NTN NTN

m. length; const. Tltf.

pass.

part.

Nfitf,

Id mill

*#,

word.

q. foil.

JHfe*

-tfX

i.

Impf. ?$ to#o;

?ft$,

(IN m.
suff.

'HN

or 'fiN

\-nnN **
with
/>.,

to eZepar*.

&.,

pn&

and T^fTO

etc.

n^nN

explanation.

f-

nTnX

f-

NrOnN

enigma.
pr-

i.

e.

2 )ossess '""-

f-

VVK

i"VN or

grZory.

adv. $ere

f/ere

is,

are. It takes suff. of pi. nouns.

Hy

Ithpe. of

-TVfTN
"TDK

pr. n.

'"ON

to

(Heb.)

ea &

adv.

^-IccacZ.

cunsume.

to

with

especially

o^,

Irnpf in prohibition, etc.

.

7X

Ecbatana.

i^oon^
~
t t

c7/".

free.

ip\S*, nj5*N m.

"7N

Achmetha

1'-

pron.

inter,

//.

&ro*Aer;

etc. piur.

7VHN

suff.

comp.

XD^f. terror; fear.

nfi% tiow adv. w.
pK conj.

i.q.

einph.Xny with

brother,

P"ViNl

j'TN m.

to heat.

pTON*.

hand.

f.

which, what.

7/V//,f,

to

Plur.

6rier.

dem. pron.

these.

Nrfpisi cfoo;

N*?tti

iyi"g

*"1I1N adj.

f.

httn

f.

HJTTN

prep. "./>"

&**;

pHN adv.

upon the posts of doors.

ofAer, another.
-

'{*

" ,/

piur.

l a<

the

last.

pnN a.i.i.in..xn-)nN.xnnnN*
I

anotht

r.

tt: t
f.

otht

r.

p3")"lC'nN
iji

in.

nru\*

'

pi.

<

I ix i

'/"'

sister.

nV?N

r-posts.
these.

in-

hd.

PI. excel, often

governor-

TH^N- in^K
f.

nfrtf.

upper thresholds of

Pl^K dem. pron.

|"f?K

in rals.

nnx.

nV?w

X^D^D

conj. hut; unless.

fitf interj. behold.

VOCABULARY.
Xftt>$

*Jfl!3N adj. s<row0.

sheaf.

nto ??* Pr1

JV^N *o &e accustomed.

Pa. *V ?}$

pron.

pers.

Plur.

7".

e.

we.

j&ZMo.

Tj^^v dem. pron. m. fAese; toto\

TftD^N
t

NJX

Kjmx

to exercise; to teach.

Nir^N

where, whither.

?{^ adv.

Elimelech.

n.

pr. n.

75

Almodad.

pr. n.

|*3N Pers. pron. m. they,

fIJIN,

those; the copula.

I'T'N

dem. pron. m. these;

Cp$

tl^

and

those.

m. thousand. PI.

Ci^N pi'- n.Enos; m.man

D^K

(Heb.).

constrain; to oppress; to

to

occasion anxiety.
QJtf

f.,

suff.

emph. fr^X, mother; with

7IDK and TPStt.

|rro; with

Plur.

pnnrm*

suff.

and flfTQtf.

DN

conj.

frON

in.

man/ emph. NBtytf, NEON,

T T V.
T T
-

.'

maid;

flQK

f.

cubit.

Plur.

NO^, NftlN

f.

people, nation.

Plur. pibtf.
pr- n.

Nfltt'ON
|ON- Aph.

f-

and

^e Amorites.

<** darkness.
Pass

to believe.

fo ^'^/i

1t2H m.

toW; to

to;?>to.

"TlDN

part.

jirw

q.

c.

thou.

ye.

pr. n. the Antusites.

1D^

13J3PN P

certain; faithful.

^3^

i.

^ND'irON

}DX

'JO'lOtt

Pers. pron.

emph.

prqN*
N*2N* and

pEON* and D__

Plur.

fON, ftftiN

nurse,

nostril.

Btt& Btt& Bti& BttK

BtiN,

NEO.

//.

f-

t\3K m./ace, countenance;

f.

hand,
1'-

medicine.
fetter.

n Asnapper.
-

>

iO*lSpN adv. speedily.

*)DN tolmd Part. TON ^""'^
emph.

Plur.

f/<e

sheaves.

command.

*"IPN

ni.

y# m.

prohibition.

wood.

bundles,

or

VOCABULARY

70

*"|N conj. also.

*]N-

NDN m- /"<-'

3d

per.

{OD
T

with fem.

suff.

NH3NV

Hftf,

)N

surface of the field,

e.,

i.

"]V1N

"P^N

(Heb.) Arioch.

pr. n.

Aph.

long.

to bt

en; in tarry,

to length-

v:ait.

jft A/.

///<

*3N

conj. even.

D*"^2X

<

r<

if.

Ephraim.

P r n.(Heb.)
-

"T")X

adj.

*nN

pr. n.

HD1N*
~
t

/?,

and

pr. n. the

N*3p"l3N

pr. n.

Apharsites.

(Heb.) Yec/<.

tproUmgar
KrDTK
t

[chites.

NOnplflN Pr.n. M'-

Apharsath-

pr. n. a?i Arclnvite.

*1D~)N

adv. perhaps

///

*Ae en<^,

(from the Persian), as

?a*<

Gesenius.

JDVN
yT)$

[toe.

f (P1
-

f.,

/""

'
and
IJfiw*

rtfJTW

m. num. adj.

]^T)^ forty.

*HN

D"1N

pr. n.

N*T2"^

meet;

yTlN

same.

<N|HN*

Arvadites.

OTW conj.

became,

tin

CHX

that.

".'/. pi.

and jrm
rm'N
It:
t
t
I

p.

if,

occurs).

m.

adj. under, at

NJT]& ttJpN
f.

what

"lu'DDIN*

meeting

is

pr. n.

//<,/,/,-,.

lowest; bottom.

(Heb.) Arphax-

p"1X

c.

earth.

[<nl.

NW<c*'CTn"\\\ (no)

but.

and

nnX

KHNV

Plur.

m.

//.

|jn^,

in/er-

'"IN conj. because, that, when,

nX

earth, country,

bottom.

*^*"1X

mi

Aph.

happen.

[land, ground.
c.

JHN, HN^pN*

interj. behold.
n. the

Armenia.

to

}HK, NJTTN
''"'

'fcHTlgpr.

pr. n.

"

J,*"IN

(Heb.) JLram.

JTltf adv. fcetow; with

|1J"1X adj. purple.

Plur.

emph. N*nD"lN.
~
t
:

,/f

duration^ continuation,

//oy/.

$e Apharsach-

ites.

DHiDN

N*D~)2N

'proper.

emph.
emph.

Artn.it r.n

C'N

pr.

8.

XWX m., NC'N

f-

/?>*.

n.

V<

>CABULAKY.

W&W m. foundation,
1&X, 1&& y&X pour
to

to

WNnN,

Ithpe.

out,

JllJTinN

I^WTN,

^DHN, ^oriK
,Ll

DWR

(Heb.)

pr. n.

M3#N pr.
flLI'N in

.W^r.

(Heb.) Ashhenaz.

n.

from CjgW.
pu*'{*

*11*inti'N m

to give

?2F1K

occur.

place.

a
prep.

%,

;'/*,

-<V7.

f.

1.

Ishtaf. to reco^-

of same;

oneself to anyone to be

,t-

Babylonian.

pr. n.

m1

emph.

kinsman.

Ht-Q se.

recognition;

Mfra

[p?v/<?reHce.

m.

<o

??.

NriN

f-

woman,

?25account

and

Plur.

ithpe. of

*"T

yi3
:

J^n^l^

Tl2 P &
l7*i~Q

wife.

of.

o that, that.

Nrfti-D,
t

Em ph.

pgfy

wy.

pflNt pers. pron. m. ye, you.

wrfrra
tit*
bdellium, a

ui.

7HD

^ scatter.

haste, (juicJcness.

f.

Pa.

1. to

ithpe. inf.

N2i3*Q
T

c.

J03*Q
t

m.

terrify. 2. to hasten.

n^rorn ^^.

terebinth.
tin first

horn.

c.

furnace, oven.

Plur.

precious stone.

?Aoi.

Hoph. n*irn,

NfiN

WJW-

(Heb.) Babylon.

pr. n.

OD

sigw.

Jl{$ pers. pron.

^DD

pj)*) prep. o)i

Rn-ljniQflBfi*

jiriN

wnc&ed.

rebellion, sedition,

adj. relative,

KOfiN

recognized.

do.

adv y esterdav-

CnN*3adj.m.. kS*^' lX3

n foey to prefer ; passive

HK

,S

please.

JH'IDW'N

m.

pr. n. A*ftra

"IttTlK Ithpe. of 1^'N*.

revolt.

2.

t2i1

"IHN m.

waZZ.

in.

and

Plur. as if

conjurer.

Assyria.

pr. n.

TIN)

(or

(the Assyrian).

Impf. "nC'^^l'lu^-

shed,

linN

TlflN,

C'N,

77

?^13

pr. n.

(Heb.) Boaz.

VOCABULARY

78

tfTTQ
t

X/3
T

m. beryl

i"l*Q to lodge,pass a night.

[JHD
>**D

see

Apt.

to

D173

m.

to ceasi

to be idle.
:

to

Pa.

to

hinder, frus-

"IVNu
,L|

^*5 Pre P-

mong.

It

takes

brttnt
suff.

it,

a-

of both

n.3*5

f-

understanding.

f.

"

created being; creaturt

castle.
tfVZL
T

Belshazzar.

^SD

|5 see 15.
* &&*;

*JD

fcO^,

'"

rebuild*

built her.

p^3

m. building, structure.

D?3

to &c

JOlD^f-

creation; living things.

Belteshazzan

not, because not,

N*"V3

Pr

iAow
HjTJD
t -

and plur. nouns.

sing,

(Heb.) nothing, not,

from

trate.

7*5 an<^

-,/,.

"IV^i-'P^ ^ Pr n

to cease;

cause

<>l>-

to des^

verbal from same, excise.

1?3

persuade;

to trust.

Aph.

|jnp.

to r?.

'-

fo afflict,

Pa. same.

press.

to sp?iV, cleave, divide.

flLD^

to ?'>"/ ok/;

angry.
1'" ss "!/ (

annunciation.

*)Q2m. flesh.

^^a.lj. m. bad,

W^
fVD 1U

adj.
-

f.

evil.

N\T-J-

*,//,.

1J,*3

house; the p?ae in which

anything

KJTO;

is

kept.

const.

DnSTD

Emph. NJT3-

JT3;

plur. pjn^.

pr.n. (Heh.)

//,//,-

^*3

f. vv

T;**}c.

g(

,n

*/.;

to

[sin

p< tition.

,s7.

c?<

<</"//.

7j,*D or 7j,*5

"'"'v ''

''' I'

usband.

"1^*3 '" burn; to consume.

~)V3 Pr n (Heb.) Bezi

-

tiyp^f-

JOT 3

to see&; to

valley.

r.

[pass.

"")p3 ^ >a to search. Ithpa. same;

weep.

"VD5

"li- Da.

everything which

is

"O or 13

Da. no//,

emph. JOS:
t

pi.

early or timely.

73

in. />*"//.

PI. firstlings.

p."}.

with

emph.
suff.

N^,
T
^?' P y

'J5.

const.

^3;

&

VOCABULARY.
parte, except; out&idt
fr\"Q
T

")*),

NTQJ

70

.power; strength.

what

is

"I^J
"OJ,
T
T

without; the field.

adj.

111.

strong; powt

r-

N"0

t0 create

*V"0,*T""Q
*n"l3

[piin.

iar ^- as adj. separate,

Pa.

to fcnee?; to bless.

to &toss. Part.

"HID and

*T~\2

7]*DP

&Zemna,

X'3m./fs/i.

[yet; Int.

S^'*}

[gallons).

fa coo.

111.

J"Q

f-

&a$

(seven and one-half

daughter, emph. XF1*"D.

Plur.

const. jT^Q.

rua
t

emph.

t t

*"|j"0 prep,
-

const.

p^,

ann

a/tor.

p^

With

suff. it

plur.

nfO, HrO-

i-

-|"lj| to

q-

and

DJPU

p5f5.-

c2 o/f; to cm down.

D^ilJ

Da.

(hi,,

1\3

1J3, 1J!,

m. midst; const,

..

j-e-

m. had-; surface.

.Dil Ea.

Nij same.

H1J

f.

mj

to

pnete.
(/"forth; to break forth.

Aph. (l^S* ('>*,

iTU

f-

&o<fy.

'Jtf) causative.

to

With

rwu

suff.

(Heb.) Golan.

sojourn.

Ithpa. same;

to

made a proselyte.

be

"D?J

Da.

treasurer.

and plti!Plur. with

JT5!' h er bacJc.
pit, den.

with

avenger of

blood.

suff.

"jj;

rm nu nu

suff.

It) J

Part, Sft}

deemer of blood

mm

(Valley of Hinnom).

I^lil pr. n.

J
to redeem.
^XJ)
_

and

6W.

form,

N"DJ

takes both a sing, and

3J

Plur.

1,3 pr. n. (Heb.)

P5"]|

adv. certainly; also; conj.

J-Q

tf-pU

P^;emph.n5U

f.

benediction.

Q13

man, male. Emph.

to.,

and

or

warrior;

hero;

robust;

giant.

""QJ

foiee.

f.

N-fn

fcOS^ and

/Z;

Plur.

p3*J

[&e detach,, 1.

Ithpe. to

*"|fj|

to cf

"l?J!

m. diviner. Properly, a part.

o$v

from -|U.

to decree.

VOCABULARY.

Ml

N">i J

X*J

TJ

valley.

in.

pr.

i).

*V|j|) to

lytesj to convt

to &e

wander;
Peil

visible; to reveal.

and *tJ.

j)

<

Part.

rf.

7*jjN

*'""' 7TJ occurs.

not usec^- Itbpe. to &e

>P

rij

rt.

emigrate,

to

*7j|

,U)

prose-

Apb.

<?(^??-

7X3P-

ICMlg'.

111.

chalk: plastering.

"Tj| in.

K7J,

ma&e

pro-

to cover,

Pa. to protect.

and ip{<

(Heki Gihon.

(Pa. of

encompass;

to

tect.

stranger; proselyte.

T)*j| in.

pn^JJ

pj

decree.

f.

\1 or

Ithpe. to Aoto

make onself visible.

oneself, to

Aph. ^jin

to c"

//,*/

captive.

m. bom

D"U

'NuP"U

TU pr.

pr. n. the Girgasites.

11.

D#3

m.

"1HJ

pr. n.

(Heb.) Gerar.

&o<fy.

(Heb.) G-7^,,-.

wheels.
1.

77J

?J

so that; because;

conj. that,

sign of the

circuit; pr.

f.

11.

Galilee.

railing: wt ight.

111.

1t3JI

"V2J

pr.

11.

}<"T

(Heb.) Gtfead

dem. pron.

Heb.

article

f.

this; that;

with

NTH
T T

jlN"! denom. Pe. not used. Aph.

reward.

adj.

m. perfect.

pr. n.

2T\

in-

t
f.

garden;

emph.

and Nn:j; const. JT^.

t t

ia

my.

1221
t

f-

enmity.

Plur. pj.

(131

to q#e>- sacrifices

l"Q"T m. sacrifice.

T)21

to cleave to.

to

germ[inate.

bear.

(Heb.) Gomer.

and JOJ

NTUJ

bring forth green;

to

.*2} '" repay; to recompense.

1*2%

Genitive case.

1^7J

u7<</. etc.;

JO'
T

'''^'- captivity; exiles.

f-

pron.

rel.

w-

VOCABULARY
"0*1 and Pa. "Q"!

to

conduct;

to

cause; reason.

f.

n rrq"t by_
|TTpr.

n.

nni m.
or

WtTR.

f*l
**1

so that.

Emph. tGTQ.

Wrn

Pr- n. the

Dehav-

"]ll"l *0 deride.

TH

pr. n.

D\*Hi*l

(Heb.)

pr- .

pDl

|H

jll and

m. token;

re-

to

judge,

f.

to

to

heat

**3l adj.

f.

131

to

(?).

far

dread. Pa.

Sni

terror; object of

or reto'ercce, particularly

q.

1;

dundant.

il/Tl

Emph. ^n*?rn (1).

also
**1

pr. n.

Ithpe.

ctor/.

unmixed; clean; pure.

adj.

f.

Emph.

s<r/r.

c. ffo's.

"1**3*1 to

remember;

to

but;

often re-

Tp because;

77r/m.

**3*1 dem. pron. m.

f/u's

since.

[fAere.

Aere; Aa

m. male; ram.
record, memorial.

*l3*i"0*l

f-

*l*3l

same.

It:

./'""'.'

gw; ic?o?.

in.

and

"1*3*1

ni.

JOll
t

i.

**3l to &

this.

be mindful.

to terrify.

*n"1 I11

dem. pron.

Wrm

female musician

fear;

f//-"s.
f-

*"3l dem. pron.

triad under foot;

to

?Ae Dinaites.

'I.

nxrvi i11 ni. 11

N**3l

pr. n. >>.

fllpl

**"|

pr-

*tf*lj**l

Emph. Kp*"].

out; to crush.

7*11

judgment; justice; account.

JOT!

jH-

<!

in.

*1.

Dodanim.

to dwell,

C*ll

i-

JOl,

mbrance.

iii<

[ifes.

(Heb.) David,

and

["3*3*1*1

7*1 m. judge; advocate.

(Heb.) Dedan.

gold.

sign of the Genitive, con-

7"**1

tracted from

govt rn; to take.

*tf""01

81

p7*l

1,

adv.

?7t< o^, tosf.

to

burn,

N*21 m.

*Q1,

TO1,

blood.

With

|i*32l

suff.

etc.

N*J*1, **0l to resemble; to think.

Pa. same.

*01

f.

likeness; similarity.

VOCABULARY.

82

1*21

]>1

in

what

similar; prict

is

1-1 f" sleep.

!""!

V^

73*1

JOIt
:

[viilui

^em Pron

With Heb.
t

With

dem. pron.

c.

vanity;

Wlfl

article;

some, of

JO

that tin

pl^ll

(Heb.) Diklah.

n.

hreah in

a#<

CV11

pieces.

Aph.

Aph. Part.

Dl'lll
p~tn

pr.

[in

ration,

rc<

Darius.

i).

NH):

here;

this

re.

ministers of state.

pi. ni.

va..

Hadoram.

(Heb.)

pr. n.

in- this In

that tht

piece; fragment.

adv. then.

pomp; majesty;

m., ami.

Junior: glory.

N\in
J,*11 m. se?, seed-time.
f.

?ate;

a*< </<<

Njllni. young

'<

in- pi-

mb ,-lu rb; grass.

#<

n
prefix, as in

X,1 and

NH

Hebrew.

interj. leJiold. [that.

and *{^n dem. pron.

TOil and

731

1!1

form, and

is

or optative;

r.

c.

this;

''""" breath;

Nil

impf.

Ninv

X,T, Hfl, \1N,

Impf. with 7 omits pre-

used as the subj.

e.

they mitj/it be;

n inter,

NM and Heb.

be.

to

apoc. \*T or
etc.

skilled in I'm-: In a- jii

comp. of

in

Kjn,

piirn,

f-

article.

Emph. NNjII.

i^ni-

Xn

according to

Ill Pa- 111 to honor; to adore.

Tin and K11H in- splendor;

#r\r

see

TF\, 1H1
t

J11T

niT

to be brolu n in pieces.

n;;iii

(comp. of

f-

~:

and Heb.

Oil
TtT

XTH

and

T T

n. Z>oteZ.

p1

311.

Emph. tfzjn

^rj;

7:1.1.

Const.

and j^3fl.

K1H

this; that.

.AteZ.

n.

pr.

article

^N'JIpr.
n h pr.

to

that.

this;

pin

article

ppl

pil7- that

g.

JOI^ may

pers. pron. m. in

if

b(

this, that,

which; copula.

N\1

and

pers.pron.f. of Jfln

With Heb.

article

NM.1-

VOCABULARY.
?*"l*n dem. pron. and adv.

i.

*1*n adv. and conj. as; as

q.

PJ.

k;

Ithpe.

7|jD!7 to turn.
to revolve.

if.

N^DlTin m
irnjl

pfe; palace.

NDD'H

parte.

according

(NO

-|\1.)

Ithpa.

refl.

so s;

myonn

[gan.

quim

verbal

offering.

?/_///

as.

water-organ; or-

m. thought.

kOD\*~! parte. o; thus; even as;

JOH

[according

adv. here.

rpr\ Cqn) and

rpp,

to o. inf.

Aph. impf. 2d
'TpTj m.

f.

to imZfc;

impf.

Aph.

and

Ithpa.

Pa.,

^rj,

to.

rjrr*.-"//".

p?nn.

s.

toft.

to*?!! and fcO'pn adv. ftMer.

SO^il and

N?*?"!! f

Li
:

n
~

w^; Jour-

[Hallelujah.

ney; custom.
!"Vl'?

pi. in.

TpDH

and

m.

cAatn

esp. for the neck.

7pf adv.,

i.

?X, where.

q.

(/;

when;

sign of a question. 717-

TH

Tp| interj., conj.

wliether.

NjjOn

&w;

(?;

and adv.

Inf. as verbal

noun, injury, hurt.

roi?

conversive in Chald.
*T interj.

woe.

Pa- n t used.

HDl

Ithpa. to

/,r-

clearly shown; tobe shown one

&

innocence or another

s guilt; to

remonstrate, dispute.

Aph.

to

reprove; to show one his guilt;

to

punish.
r

V2\ to buy; to gain. Pa. to

sell.

{prudent; cautious,

fl* to feed.

tremble.

ffi

to

"V*.

Aph. T*?T

to act

proudly.

V* m. brightness, splendor, magnificence.

NJW

.or.

(pW) Aph.

No

etc.

Ti"Tr part, and adj. enlightened;

them; copula.

TO?D

conj.

(Heb.) praise Jehovah;

itDH and fiOn pers. pron.

tfiey;

f.

stoea*.

Nil*? m.

ofo'ue;

Emph. NHIft.
o?a e
-

tree.

[ness.

13t and "O* f innocence, righteous.

VOCABULARY

-I

*JOf

*3f,

n*~0?
~
t

adj.

pr. n.

va..

pure, innocent.

(Heb.) Zechariah.

TOn

to

Pa.

vicious, corrupt.

&(/,

&<?

injure;

to

corrupt;

to

'

<

destroy.
i

Pa. 'o appoint;

rt2*

[thpa.
*"12* Hi.

*1!D?

t concert.

TtDirn
ill

prepare.

to

Aph.

[=Pa.

n sir.

*VVf adj. m. and adv.

few; a

w kinds.

little; small;

Plur. |HJfl (#).

little.

J?^r, ^/V to

quake, shake, tremble.

*lpT to elevate;

to

suspend, as a

malefactor.

^DD^r
v t

pr. n.

and '"On

in.

damage;

in-

jury; destruction.

"OH and inn, Nl^PT m.

mo.'c;

companion; friend.

m. singer; musician.

?? in- sjjecies; sort. \*"fi,3*

tOn

KrTOn

f.

same.

PI.

with

suff.

hrran.
jilDn

pr. n.

|n

pr. n.

"in

in.

Nnn

./irsf.

(Heb.) fle&rorc.

(Heb.) Haggai.
f-

num.

adj. "."

Before numerals,

".

im<

times.

(Heb.) Zerubbabel.

{<in

adv. oce.

Xin3

together.

\:

#mr,

pr

in.

jpnr m.

jpnt,

sown;

st

?Aa<

ed-time.

exceedingly.
JOu?
to
rejoice.
Xnn
t-

i '"/ .'/..'

f.^oy, gladness.
niin
t
v
nnm.and r"in pi. m. the breast*

girdle.

>"".
JT"1? to
J/**lf,

s<

N^*1?

</.

111.

sect?;

children;

Xin

posterity.

UT&

rinr

I^nr; with

family.

suflF.

Plur.

finnynr.

e< <z?< '/;

n?1Dn

f.

^n

to

to &e

ooe.

'

&c hidden; con-

''Z cfeea'; </////<

adj.

and

make

m.

//' ".

Hi

to tell, declare;

manifest. Pa.

Xin

to-

*"""

Aph. so no

*Nin

n
JOIT and

rntj

Din
Pa.

pr. n. the Hivites.

to &e

indebted; to be sinful.

D^n

///<//,'

to

sinful.

/<"</

////"

siw; to

VOCABULARY
Din, NDill

debt; sin;

i"-

pun-

nifl

2irj to

li.

Aph.

7in

pr. n-

(Heb.)

Hul

warmth;

PfXpn

and ilNpfl m.

iron

;/<//.

f-

na.

TOH

Pa. same.

and N*;g(1

f-

; -o/-

fering.

T\i N*f7 adj. m.

heat.

sin.

piur. ptsfi

violence; plunder.

I2l2tl to sew.

Npinni., Kjrarrf.,

suff.

'rjw, pD^Drj.

kll^n

portion.

p If!
^Dinand
.

relax; to

ill; to ccast

pr. n.
ni.

to

With

to err; to sin.

J>JOn

(Heb.) Havilah.

to '">'" oneself;

become

^(1

jm

and

fnn

n^h

same.

fWOIl, with

Plur.

*]Xtin

to repair.

suff.

Plur.

NDH m. sin.

'OH and

Eve.

w.

s<

Aph.

Pa. and

viron.

Part. pass, inverted; averted.

ishment.
pr.

85

living;

plur.

ilNfltn m. covering; coin:

Tin

adj.

TDC'in

m.

ni.

wliite.

act of thinking; reck-

f.

?mW

j"Vn2-

^H

ftffl

/"

'"

and

VH

Pass. Part.
see??;

s?^7-

aWe.

xr\y*n

vision;

ance.

Emph.

aspect,

adj.

appear-

and

Knrrn

KVIT NnVfl f- least.

^(l m.

Itn m.

*on

tftlfi

alive.

m. m-

debted, bound; guilty, sinful.

descend.

se<?.

Aph. Part,

7/iy>.

cr*rr),

and

Peal

to

nm. A Ph.imP nnN. yn

i.q.

Part.

Xfn

KH

adj.

and NtTO preserving

oning.

mn

kjtti

Kjrr,

strength;

f.

* w.

Plur. JVI7.

hejst.

?Aa^ lives, esp. animal.

NfVPl
~
T

f-

*3!"7

adj.

ID! and

ir*ll

f.

frOi'lT-

wme, With

suff.

")?n

fo turn

Lock, about; to en-

to

ictse;

intelligent;

man; Magian.

wise

DDH

nnirn.

m.

and Pa. 031} and D>-)f7

Z>e

wise; to understand.

VOCABULARY

Slj

JODIl
t
t

JOmn. NH^n.
t

and

N?nT

/Hi
~

plication.

PP^n

m. vinegar.

^^n

m.

/ttfc;

JO^Tf

D^r?:

Ithpa. to pray, maht sup-

to.

t.

wisdom.

f.

Plur.

fife.

m. dream.

"l.n to change;
to

to he

changed;

pass (spoken of time).

TDn adj.
|Df7

to '"

fpfl

11J

defectivt

strong; to petssess.

power; might.

Clpn m7DI7

Hananiah.

pr. n.

c?ay-

to 6e deficient.

*1 n
p^n ") part; lot.
(I pr. n. (Heb.) Ham.

X5n

to -'"f '"

7VI7

ni-

Nn
Kpn and

7il7

and

1*7(7

prep, instead of.

to ?"' to

\pn

f-

'E^pn

and

ere

diminish.

overlay.

emph.

Plur.

harvest.

N^pn,

to

/-"'7>.-

emph.

lVn and Aph.

Aph.

K>'pn

.Air.

Plur.

m. rapt

adj.

to

H/v/e,

r.

hasten.

and

f|Vnnp

Part.

fjVH^

ni. lotwe.

m.

to e^.

Nlli'n and 'yn

nNtrpnni..#?/<.

C'^n

to

T -:

heat. fury.

mother-in-law.

L.

Pa.

?t

contemplate.

nlt^n L

""OPt

wanting.

17DI7

urgent; hasty.

fiUTjVD

(Heb.) 2Tair-

f^'prf^y.
*J^i"l^n

t t

N^n

pr. M. tJie

Hamathites.

^pil m. >/(/.

Plur.

^irn

and

m. dance.

Plur. dances; instruments used

fife*
3717 to devastatt

for dancing.

3in

173.317

pi. in.
f.

via

at.

[tion.

dedication; consecra-

pl"T to compassionate,

f-

0107(7

711217 pr. n. (Heb.) Enoch.

pL^n

j^pn

and

show favor

waste.

sword.
ni..

|*trO"^n

[passive.

used onee

in

Magians;

humid

no a: sacred scribes.

Ho ph.

to singe.

sing.

VOCABULARY.

fcO*in
*"in

hole.

repute,

to

regard, count,

n*n

111.

to

what

^C'H

is

to

orin

V/P

2/om*/* (abstract).

7*70
need, necessity,

f.

i.

e.

necessary.
to.;'

or small;

hiokA 7W7/t (10th,

about January).

in-

mountain;

for

Aph.

to /mto.

rest

under the

shade.

and Pa. "IQjp

100N

t^'Op

to dip.

nj/p

to

to hide.

Ith-

lOpV,

and

hide one's

self.

and
to

Aph.

wander.

to

cause

to err; to seduce.

D'#p

to taste; to eaf.

D#0 and D^p, KD#0 "I- taste;

wisdom;

"))0,

rocl:.

mp
*O*0

f.

7*0

Pa.

'5P

respect; account ; de-

JO510

o< or /ortA.

to

be judged.
in-

6e /otf;

hardened.

goodness; kindness.
<?e>

Pa. (denom.)

nail; claw.

mountain.

subs, and adv. fasting.

to

shade; shadow.

in-

cree; cause to

m.*oorf; rfrfwoe.
JO)1tD
T T

JOIO

NT^P

recline

D^/D,

l~QO ni. executioner; bodyguard.

in-

^p.

Ithpa.lpOK

to **?.

fine; good.

"nO

/7p

pe.

f-,

"HO,

100

Pa. same.
(Heb.) 5"eA.

pr. n. ffc

f-

to

2KO to 6e f/Za<Z, joyful.

beautiful;
20 adj. m., }O0

i"OD

e?eio.

see

to crush.

nn

m.

think necessary; to he

be or wiaAv

pr. n.

ctoy.

Hp'pp

jnjr'n.

jTinti'll

m.

darkness.

needful; to need. Part. act. pi.

f.

Part. pass.

to drive.

L
?\?h\2t2 rover.

pp
70

esteem.

*]iu*n

pel 7p*70 to ioiv; shake to

and fro;

loin; thigh.

hi.

^yn

window;

cavity;

87

T^O
Pal-

be stupid,

Pa. causative.

to expel,

-now*.

to

drive out.

Ithpe.

VOCABULARY.

38

N3")l?

"p*J

fresh, green

!"

Tin*

leaf; leaf.

m.
tf*?H&
t

D5D! and jTDIT f

peoph

the Tarpelites.

Judah;

pr. n.

n*.

Jewish

the

/' "' v

tin

pres<

.'/'>>'

'

nTin*

t t ~

Hin*

Hon.

*ND*Q*
C**3*

////

bedry;

to

up. Ithpe.

(nil,-)/

Pa.

make

to

taV

pr. n. (Heb.) Jubal.

Dl* m. day. Plur. const., m.

and

dry.
pr. n.

(Heb.) Joshua.

pr. n.

3*ji*pr. n. (Heb.) JofoA.

Jebusites.

to be dry.

tt'^riX

by

m. Jeio.

JftTiiT
pr. n.

JWaA.

(Heb.)

pr. Q.

(Hcb.) Javal.

?V

W,

npi*.

(Heb.)

pr. n.

**-

J nan.

T T

<?y not used.

^*3*n

XftWy
t
v-

Aph. *73lN and

f-

mi*, nwi*.

pnVl*

to bring.

DliT /"/ i7y;

land.

</*e tfrr/

f.fcw&

Jozadak.

n.

l'r.

stock-.

)T

in.

f.

foop of stones;

ftemd,

emph.

NT. with suff.

piur.

p\

NTinO

and

TT- nnv fdT.

Dual

NT,

praying;

NTitD

'0

thanking;

to

understand.

impf.

y-rin^o

make known, show.

DiT

'"

^/.,/.-

[a?o<

name

abbreviated

in.

r\y

see

of the

'" sef,

place.

pass.; to be givi n up.

ny.

T ^* and 7*3*

to be

Impf.

Hophal

"fr,

abh

to

pre-

^IDV ^iDV ^O'V

in use.

?*

and

traip forth;

T ?*
1

to

to beget.

'""'-

Ithpe.,

Pa. and Ithpa. same.

poetic) Jehovah.

.'/'''''

o be or seewi r/^or/.

vail.

know;

Aph. y-rin,

n*T (Heb.

m.

adj.

Deity.
part.

praising.

J,*T

3D*
**

p_\
Aph.

*n*tt

*i*n*.

hill.

Ithpe.

HI"!

?*

f-

D*- N*3*

nativity.
"'

*<<>, tin

ski.

Plur.

VOCABULARY.

#iy

and

* to .wnv,y.

fo ca?<*e to

Aph.

pix

confirm

to

N22*

0*J* adv.

'

Pa.

honor.

Aph. same.

rfay(of 12 hours).

TV

"<

''>

flDIH

to

be

PITt

and Pi")* m. greenness.

I

pr. n.

Ithpa.

?^

Jerusalem.

pr. n.

^KX"

true, certain.

3*;** certainly.

?p
[tire.

Act. part.

f.

(Heb.) Jericho.

n.

*>A. Plur.

n.

(Heb.)

not used.

reach out,

emph.

to

pT.

pr. n. (Heb.) Israe?.

JlB*pr.

m. thought; impulse; mo-

to &*.

(Heb.) Jerah.

pi'- ii-

TV, NOT*

(Heb.) Jacob.

j"l5* pr. n. (Heb.) Japhet.

2*i** adj. in.

rTV

ITT pr.

to consult together.

K*"l^**

TV? and TV, NfTV m. monfA.

tO^** to advise, counsel.

TV

&OTW pr.n. 7"onZ<

D*?JPYV, D'X', and

be

added.

3p#*

(Heb.) JaraZ.

pr. n.

Hop]).

to

worth; worthiness; honor;

KJTV and

(7ay.

f^Dinri thou shuh

added.

to

splendor; glory.

ftp* and Aph. tl^plN

Ittaf.

make heavy;

as Pa.

^P*

an oath.

witli

D*2\

swear;

89

,/esAtta.

Aph. D*C"1N

stretcli forth,

to

land

any one.

XfnpV Aph. to consume.

i*V sign of the definite object.
^'"'
which
is
or
//res.
m
NDIp*
DiT and 27V. to sit; to dwell.
Aph. rrnin.
pp pr. (Heb.) /7rfaM.
hunting: fire.
J>{Tp*
TJV adj- ni. abundant; eminent.
t

:|--t

tt.

f.

TjV

adj. m..

hard,

NTJV

difficult;

f.

foai^;

"ViV and ftTJV

worthy, honor-

ceedingly.

ed; costly, precious.

*"ljT

to

he heavy; to he or he es-

teemed honorable or valuablt

adv. very; ^x-

prep, and conj.

cordiug

to.

7/A-e;

crs;

orc-

VOCABULARY

X3

CDD

><

JOtD hi '"''
M
and u D3 to press,

adv.

all; the wholi

make " way;

tread,

to subjt ct; to Iddt

bind, chain.

tu

*13 and

313

*T3

^3

J03-

(!/)

pr. n.

[when.

7S3

to

.-

H3"T

as; when.

H3

H3T

hitherto.
11?
'-

(lull:.

daughter-in-law.

f-

(Heb.) Calah.
Sbaf.

be whole.

07*3

^DtP

Ishtaphal

to complete, finish.

S^JnC'X
adv. now.

ry; any.

refrain. Ithpe. tobe restrained.

conj. as, so soon as,

H3 (H 3) Kfe

<

hold buck.

to

N^D- ttfV?3

adj./a?*(

pass.

n t used.

Aph.

to

shame.

Ithpe. to be ashamed.

f>PD,

NJH3 " i.prii st.

ID and X1D,
XfllD

t
T -

f.

PI.

ppf-).

fcoZe in tht

wall; window.

rtf?3

N2D
T
"I ND3
t

**313

3313

p3

'-

111.

(Heb.) Calneh.

pr. n.

and adv.

conj.

how.

as;

&'&<

m. thorns.

ID adv.

star.

Pa. 0 cmiri mi

to establish.

pJD
It t

?3D

then, there-

colleagues.

[fore.

so, A.us.

pi-

f.

N1213
"113

m.

liquid

tfTtiD and

pifcfi.

na. '''"'

or

measure for things

equal

dry,

the

to

homer.

KJP7D,

Nu M 3D
TTlC'JD

KOTO

and

gfooZ; //,.

Plur.

ND"D

"'

m.

//./;.

PI.
[turn.

congrega-

assemlbly,

f-

gathering

f-

together^

congrt gating.

N2.33

PD13It:
t

JOJS

p-133.

adv.

f/js.

ESniSpr.
C'13

pr.

11.

n.

(Heb.) Cyrus.

Heb.

|>\?D pr.

Cush; Ethi-

133 and "133 m talent, [opia.

Hp and ^3, X 3 and tfjp
-

S3.

(also

p*

without dag.

in

adj.

m.

n.

(Heb.) Canaan.

ilNJl^D Pr

Plur. emph.

CJD

'" collect,

'i-

Canaanite.

^"'

\\\Vp3.
glean.

Ithpe. and Ithpa.

1
z

Pa. sunn.

" assemble.

VOCABULARY.
ND3, 'D3

to be

Pa.

concealed.

to hide, conceal.

HDD

see

TDD

covering; garment.

f-

to write.

Di~0

in-

pr. n.

*"|DD

N5D3

QVQ pr. n. (Heb.)

$e Cashihim.

t^O m.
N^rp-

br\3 and

em ph.

in- si7uer.

NiDfO

Hilpi

f-

Cyprus.
Plur.

icerW.

shoulder.

adv. no jo.

"13D Pa-

fo icasJt;

to

n5D '" &iW.

N*^ to ie grieved.

purify;

to

prep.

Ithpe.

1. to;

for;

of.

2.

Sign of

Gen. and Dat; used often with

[afore*.

(TM

Pre-

ace. after active verbs. 3.

Same.

form, to the Impf. of pronom.

N/3"13
t

mantle; cloak.

f.

origin.

DT^D

m. cherub.

Js? adv. nothing;

HK

FTD

writing; prescription;

limitation.

^ Injure; to insult.

^"lDD,

H7D

2j"0

HBO-

^Nm^DD

91

DS.3 and 013, Npi") m.

wine-

2h

or

properly power, strength.

power of
itself;

the day,

i.

the totality

first

e.,

the

the

day

of the day.

meaning excludes and

and

Hb p m.
f

Chaldean.

to be right; to

Aph.

to

deem fit

be agreeable.

or icorthy.

TpD ?,
Hi-

& l7

to

heart.

Emph.

>>,

suff.

rn ?

*JOi~l7

etc.

clothing; garment.

put on;

Aph.

self.

(H^

Leah.

ti'lj?

t t

the second includes the night.

1u*3

^D*?

jqfr w ith

Hence, in union with Qi*,

The

see N*^S.

JIN* ? pr. n. (Heb.)

yard.

p^ m.

not.

Aph. sme.

proclaim.

to

7"

to

clothe one's

to clothe.

pr. n. fAe

Libyans.

conj. (|H

N ?),

eaxtfjrt;

Z>^;

(HP? 7) therefore.

Tl^

pr. n.
1

NTI ?

(Heb.) Z<7. Aram. pi.

^e Lydians.

VOCABULARY

92

d? >%2-

Inf.

to curse.

ttV?

*fo Vv.n.Lecite. PI. emph. N_*|^.

jll^liT 7)prep.

XirT7

adv.

r.:

to;

toward;

with.

ry; exceedingly.

"Tin? adv. alone; by

,

separately.

\"T'i

one's self;

Tin72

(in his

KO?
DD/

why.

Dual

hundred.
Plur.

fVTND, fiTNOemph.

"IDNO

KTIWO,
t t

|jgg

'^10 and 'NO-: t

t

dual m. scabs; balance.

see

[JO and

concubine.

f.

i"TN!D

f.

Targums have

f/'f(/.

DPI/ m. feast.
n.3rt7

num.

-:

JOf! ? m.

JO/ whither;

pJffO

lonelinesses) alone.

Urfr,

what; how; land

inter, pron.

frO
T

[WK& KJJTJ&

^D^D-

|J55m. vessel; instrument.

to curse.

)?y2,*2

m. fountain.

same.

^p

see

1X*7

JhlPpr.

labor; fatigue.

f-

,!

7 7 and X7* ? m.

^7^T

n*gffe.

Emph.

p^7.

It

Plur.

*??

n. (Heb.)

J%

0fl

r.

""OtD

Pa

throw down;

to ties-

77 adv. &#

night, in the night.

HTp, NIl^P

and '-JO, m.

altar.
1

n* ? (JTN

JT*?'
///>

l<6),

^ere

nof.

not,

[Zes.

N~D"7P

m.

TP.

subs, and adv. nothing; not;

l

,r

n (Heb.) Lantech.
-

HP

Q7J7
UpH t gather.

H.HP

jrfradv. under
|tS^>

and

JTg^pr.

[^7
n.

(for

^nN ?).

c. fongnte.

(Heb.) Lesha.

(Heb.)

pr. n.

POHP

Part. pass. \yrft.

* aa

i.

[a

ni.

WDjrjo
fore.

Mede.

Madai; Mt dia;

province; country.

NmnS
/>'///;

tribute.

"Tj"ltD ni. residence.

ft}?, to labor, toil; to befatigut d.

adv. forever.

'

H*j?

desert, wilderness.

nl^D
t:

fl1*2 and
t

rising; east.

and

HP

[east.

m. sunrise;

phi dtojj

before that,

i.

e.,

jo)

hereto-

VOCABULARY
110 m
JTIO

dwelling, residence.

see

7^77(10

pr. n.

pr. n.

XOt
(Heb.) Mahala-

" **

pr-

**-

10 and prriOi *io pi- m- waters.

/TO

OiT)0

pr.

some-

N10*0

Meshach.

chair;

dwelling
[/>7a\

Hi- ./00<7.

camping place;

stoppnng place.

stay; dialling

and /'O
N*70
'
t

JOO/llO

suff.

Mishael.

flat;

to

^ A#;

fo/2H-

|1?D

ii.

pr. n.

valley,

place.

word, request;

Word of Jehovah.

IJJ^p

'o die.

si^;

iu*p, Nip^p, np^pm-i^'"'",

death.

in.

fAe

/"W'P

jllO or

With

command.

times person or se7/. ^T

abitess.

JTIO

10*0' N10*0

[led.

Moabite.

rragio, Nrvasio

*p and

waters. Const.

to.,

(Heb.) Moab.

iTJONlO P^

l'l-

0*0- Emph. K*DT

food.
7 0*0

knowledge.

Hi-

HO and HO
ONIO
T

J**0

93

INIO
H10
T

angel.

in-

word; speech; matter;

f-

'

NITO
t

'o strike; to

wound; todes-

tiling.

extirpate. Pa. same. Ith-

?/<>,(/,

pe. pass, fo be fastened.

/"NUID

Pr- n.

Np7l"T0

f-

(Heb.) Mehujael.
e. g.,

NOO

come, arrive;

to

With

thought; purpose.

/J7 to

to reach.

com^ upon;

to be-

fall.

7*)00 prep. o account

of; be-

J^OO m

[cause.

rain,

speech; talk.

in-

Nrfrp

m- sa^-

1170

fo Sflfr; ^0 season.

170

and T]70 m.

ized plur.

of priests or Levites.
f-

70

iY?p,

course or class,

JOCI10

7*1

110-

JO

ilOlO

f-

in-

advice; counsel.

Queen.

f-

kingdom,
speak.

?7*2*2

Hebra-

D^O^O-

110 P a

)j?*2

feuigr.

m.

reign,

domiu[ion.

manner of speech;

speaking; speech.

VOCABULARY.

94

and prep., part;

(0), subs,

JO

from;

because of; rather

of;

m. doing:

7%?*2

action.

setting of the sun. Plur.

than; than.

JO and JO
i""]

JO

inter, pron.

JO whot

see

}O0
t

who;

ichat.

Wffi

vt r.

^JO

to

Part.

pass.

number;

to

mwta.

raw<ZdZe,

f.

D^TiO

JN.

and

entrance; door; gate.

in.

Pr

(Heb.) Mizraim;

Egypt.

reckon.

N^g.
*30

Pa. |tp,

fo

mp

^g,

JOO

for

|g and

appoint.

in.

xenpg and xcnpio

sanctuary;

10,
JO0T
T T
"110

rno-

-see

t^rpg,

inigm., Njryo, Kninjof.

and

UniO

quietness; silence.

/'*/,

f-

offering;

fl^A;

meat-

V3D m

and

nirmbi

XflTIO

ni.

adv. Jtf jg) toftence.

(

height,

J7.30 '" refuse; to forbid; to hold

WfflD

J10

J^g

*1D0

'"

pr- n.

(Heb.) Manasseh,

/""><'

over,

deliver up,

betray to anyone.

xj/o

c. ///>/.

and ri#g.

J^O)

disobedient;

height partic. Heavens-

'0 *OC* ^" hiarcus

i.

e.,

Me

pr. n.

///'<//<

?//>

oj

Heaven.

wiontf

.!/">-

chesvan (8th, about November).

back.

tl&HD

f-,

rebellious.

height.

r.

m.

KTO,
TIT NTH10

adj. m..

and

DllO

offering.

ntwd
t

T T

IT30 m.

master.

disobedience; rebellion.

TO

standing.

na. /<</v/.-

^ oc rebellious.

N*n^
t

-no,
-

mple.

" T

'" rt '"

knowledge; intelligence; under-

^"10

tt

also

with
Plur.

///,/.

010

fo P?MC/C

t^'g pr. n.

N'J'O
suff.

rmg

(J^g

and

pr. n.

i1*0 P^
nt:*g,

&#

(Heb.)

n.

JffosA.

(Heb.) JlfesAa.

(Heb.) J/*. .

Nnt^g

m. oii.onves.

TlB^'g pr. n. (Heb.) Meshech.

VOCABULARY.
TIC'

and JO3JT0
33tfD, N33B>D
t::~
t
in.

|N*31

const.

JWIJ

and

|W33

and

emph.

*5,3,

couch; bed; cohabitation.

TDLJ'D

Plur.

prophet.

m. skin.

-:

95

dwelling;

pi*XT2

nn^rp

KTtt^

musical rccd, fife.

f-

and

>fi#D m.

/eas;

N\X^.
N*nNM D^

emph.

HN^n:.

tent.

KHW3J

and

f-

prophetess.

banquet.

j~0 and n*'P

'jNtSHfi!?

a dj.

pr. n.

(Heb.) J/c//<-

NC*"D:3
"1JP to

1}}

IfO

and [JT^ m.

}>0)lD

f-

PHD P r

#//?;

mi,

reward.

and

^JDN

'"

not used.

Ithpa.

speak for God;

to

prophesy.

prep, toward.

Nmu m. %&*.

fWOf KJTfcfQJ

f-

"1^"!?!^

Nebuchadnez-

prophecy.

Plur.

N3Jt

f-

"#cc or position

(?).

tfOJ,

JlN^J and

(7/-,y

or

&<?

" e

proclaims by commission

Pa.

1
z

"

pi. f. ?Hf7s

beyond

the sea; continents.

Pa. fo pZa# upon an instru-

J/vp

'" touch.

Dm

to be

^
of

God; one inspired by God;

Ithpa. to be leprous.

willing; to give volun-

tarily.

Ol N^l TU

N"0.3

dried.

dry.

TOm m.

f;3Df
and

to

ment.

zar.

rQOJ

DUJ

PJJ and j\13

Up

pr. n.

enlarge; to flow.

to

Ithpe. ?o become dry.

Bashan.

^3

;^no.

?VA<; candlestick.

draw;

make

JOJ

f-

D1JP and

same; expense.
P-

and

f^03

(Keb.)MetJi usael.

pr. n.

VbUf<\!M2

in- ?ea<^.

["0
(as

row of stones;

wall.

to flee.

or

mm

ni

sheath of the

sheath; both/
soul).

-vim and -rim m. %fa.

VOCABULARY.

\r,

1"Vn^

shine brightly.

to

"lil J

Aph.

enlighten.

Pa.

gwe

to

rro

to

pPO

torrent. Plur.

ni 3 fo

and

"DM

and

njODI.3

JOD1J

stranger;

f-i

and +}\}
t

f.

fon

dunghill.

ign[er.

111. ./r

^ln

to

Plur. emph.

pM

fo suffer injury.

re.

(^

to

be

to keep,

preserve; to observe,

regard.

no
~

no m., Nno, xno

and

f.

T T

res?, quiet.

or

Aph.

to wi-

often retained

Aph.

part.

hurtful.

sweet odor; acceptable

ni.

sacrifice.

[DO

preform.).

after

HtlXl

"1DJ

ni^JJ

reprove.

or

or deposed.

to lift up, elevate.

JO^O
"11 J

,;/ e

us

female.

f-

?aiu

^12)

nn^J
fcOp13

down

brought

m.,

adj.

ring

Hoph.

Heb.

jnrU

mrf.

Part, pass.,

to deposit.

and

often retained alter preform.)

//V//^.

N"in.3 m. stream; flood;

"inj,

t?M
t

down;

illumination.

f-

ni-

craft; deceit.

(Heb.) Nineveh.

pr. n.

pi'- !'

^"-

month Nisan

(1st,

about April).

NDVO

f-

plant; slip.

DD^ DDJ in- wealth.

m. see 'DO.
"DJ
t

PI. riches.

nj

n.

pi',

ni

DTD

D*nJ

"03

(Heb.) Noah.

or

console

t<>

Dnj

('?).

to */<w;

Pa.

sympa-

thy; to consoli

u'nj

ni.

nnj

to

brass.

descend, go down.

nra.
nn*,

Aph.
imp.

Inf.

ni-

"TipJ

leopard.

pr. n.

DD3

to to/.v,

nD^

fo to/.v;

"1D.1

and Pa.

A] ill.

(Heb.) Nimrod.
/(,- /Vr

a u-a<i, remove.
to

pow om;

to offer.

to sacrifice

n>njj,

im P f.

TID.3 in- drink-offering.

nnx ^

&0

Hp^

to asei

ml.

Aph.

to c<w/.sv to

VOCABULARY.
ascend; totaki up. Heb.Hoph.

*"lpj to

passive.

C'p.3 to strike, smite.

(1*2^*^ pr. n. (Heb.)

*PW

(Heb.)

Pr- "

^JCl^

to

Naamah.

Nooml

pa.,

wake.

<*

B*)3-

to fall;

T'&J

Impf.

happen.

p53

go

to

out,

p5>2

Inf.

down;

to

forth; to depart.

and pS>. Aph.

expense;

f.

CSS and

to

an<

nen

C'J c, Ntfg

-l

f-

,L,

N-JiM

eagle.

in.

priu'j

Bi- epistle, letter.

VTPil

pi.

m. Nethinim; temple-

servants.

"U"0 & /a^;

many;

to

off,

Once

Naphtuhim.

HND

shed.

to let

Aph.

fall; to fall

to

shake off

D
pr.

^"'

Naphtall

f-

ephah).

measure;

seah

(J of

Emph. NTlND-

Plur.

3D in. elder; old nam.

JOD pr. n. (Heb.) &le&a.

planting; plant.

f-

xm.

of

life;

pr. n. (Heb.)

n3^

to

ase.

*Nmn2.3
" t

DV^ m

to be

u'*ip<3

pi. f.

|i"0 to give. Impf. 77V etc.

cost.

soul ; self; a living being.

^5 J

me wp against.

that which lives, soul.

"lu'4

TiD*.

bring forth, put forth, remove.

KpfiJ

Vi b#
t

fall

to

ta&e T/r^//. Ith-

to

wave.

with 7^/.

Dt\3 to breathe, blow, puff;

inflate.

era;

encompass, surround.

to /"/.'. to

Xt^J

breathe; to breathe in;

to

tli}

97

firmness; hardness.

[pND-

f sambuke (a four stringJ02D

t
7 3D to 6ear; to eratf. [ed harp).
13D to carry, sustain to expect;

nyj

' surpass,

Ithpe., Pa.

7*^

prevail aver.

and Ithpa. sam<

' liberate; to delivt

frO,3 and *pj

r.

adj. in. ptwe.

to

consider;

rroiD.

to

hope. Poel fern.

VOCABULARY.

98

*1DD

"OD

hearing; aspect.

T3N

expression

to

conti mplatt

the face;

of

understand;

"OD

mien

nrDD

pr. n.

(Heb.) Sabtah.

to considi

not used.

Pa.

r.

to shut;

to

stop.

JOi*OD

pr- n.

JOD
t

be numerous; to be in-

look upon,

to

(Heb.) Sabtechah.

pvD

D,

to

go up, ascend.

Pa. causative, to take away;

Aph.

creased, grow.

[many.

ply,

N\J]p and *Jp

adj.

much;

in.

'"Vy&tofall prostratt ;to worship.

IJID ni

*"UD

deputy; superintendent.

DID

pr. n.
to

1"inp

f-

N^JID^JlID)

testimony ; proof

const,

iT^S.piD

filled.

'

witness.

*^-

strength; help; support;

[feast.

f-

symphony; bag-pipt

Apb.
to

'" side.

to

'

nd;

to

put an

/><

to

&arZ/.

and

nthd

f.

Pl.jn^D andfnU*D-

in. Ar<

shold;

|HJ1

tf*3*P

>

ntrance;post.

'/?

ml

to

1)D

pr. n.

^'-"

i>oste;

beside.
Itli-

become wise;

[/must.

Sephar.

"I5D and "15D

scribe.

Emph.

JOPg and N-IDD15D i- oook; roll. NHSD JV3

archivi

s.

pH^p

pi.

m. under-garments

perhaps reaching to

" see into, recognize.

.DDDN

ful-

consumi

-\0D*2

Nro#p

tin*5 *3*D & pos^s o/ thy

abundance, multitude.

anything;

in-

'D

^jfiD (= HNJlID,

rj*|D fo ro;r fo "//

7pD

1^*D

^}D

in- e?ic?.

"7J,*D to aid, assist.

n*jjjd,

m
arrange. Pa..' tr\Qtolay.

nthd and Ninp f

10D

support, prop.

ni.

food.

(Heb.) Sodom.

THD- N~b*7D and

"|1D

[to destroy.

shut up

to

"TID

to sustain

to multi-

71 ""ID ln

Ninp m
"VlD

'a

ininisti r;
-

rub

tlie feet.
r.

winter.

Iflp

tohide; to destroy.

VOCABULARY.

99

|1^ and
^X^*

go

to go,

in.

"OJ/ and Aph.

make;

to

to

do;

prepare. Itbpe. and

to work-; to

Ithpa. to be made; to tula: place.

*D 13& TD# and -|^ m.

"D#

NT3# f

Pr

"

""D#

"O^

to r/o

over; o depart from;

Aph.

to

send

T)^

&W#

m. fAe fcyond. JOfJJ

and

H~\V and

"Q#

conj. to; until.

'"1J7

m. (/m/;

iniquity; sin.

f.

p# and p#.

Plur.

m. 6oy; t/o^/,/

to .2>ss

away;

upon;

be ab-

flwZ; <<//.

f-

suff.

"P^

tid^w, 'in^iy.

(Heb.)

pr. n.

*l^

to

Efe.

wa&e.

iym, -\ym
*TlJ7

fo co*r

to

olished, destroyed. Impf. plur.

rn#*.

Pa. HJ/*

to conceive.
to

remove.

fo &e

Aph.
(X

or

to

pregnant;

ta&e

j"J

away;

often re-

tained after preform.)

fTO
11^

pr. n. (Heb.)

and Ni*l#

Adah.

pr. n.

Jddo.

*1^|V m. conception.

[-#

pr. n.

(Heb.) #<&.

Plur.

m. bird; fold.

m.

[to

chaff.

K^nty

MSryiy,

rat>ew.

JO JT1 J7 m.power; strength.

Nry

f# and
Htj^

awake.

(and without

daghesh) and JO")I* m.

T
f"lj/*-

Ithpe.

and -v;vin

with

//,/.-.

(Heb.) 06aZ.

^1^

and

T|Jf and

other side of the Euphrates.

*"1^ prep,

pr. n.

"Ciy

adv. while; during; yet.

with

over; to transgress.

tht

^Siy

\XRd$$

(Heb.) #&er.

transgress.

"D#

and

young man.

Abednego.

'*; My/-.

pr. n.

to

I^i^

fwie, yea?*.

in.

D^l# NQ'fry

servant.
1JIJ

\)1ty

pr- n.

f.

she-goat.

(Heb.) aza.

n*typr.n. ~/W<.

^pr^

riwgf; seal-ring.

f.

80$ prHHf^
ND^/

f<

*)y&
stVto;

n.

pr. n.

(Heb.)

Zvm.

(Heb.) Azariah.

counsel; wisdom.

*ny#

and

N-p# m

region; other side.

VOCABULARY.

100

^j;

/# and ^j;,

and frOJtedj.m.
ht

it/lit

.-

and J^'A*
upperpart;

tfa

with |p, as adv.. above;

rwfyy
T T

vfry,
T ^

*fA*

adj.

"^

chambt

^- ,.<///.

EJam.

i.

e.,

Ni\J7
"TJ/

? fountain,

!'

111.

TV)?

plcm; counsi

watclu

pr. n.

|W#.

pi.

f.

A^A*

imd

1 7^

toward.

Plur.

j""[

f-

A^

^7^,
*7^* adj

burnt-offering. PI.

.in.

and

V?*#

Plur.

mi; by.

ep,

DtDJ.* '"

labor;

ni.

toil.

beoxbecome dark. Palp.

D#PA?

'" ""' / v
'

'

'"^-

"ItDA* "' wool.

p^V

occasion; pretext, [of 7^*.

n^

people.

^tD^ and *7*2

const.

H ?^

JOJ/

remain.
</<

**?# used witn suff

Plur. const.

ri*6.

DA* prep. /M;

to

to;

D^-V

7^7 prep, upon; over: conci rning;

against;

/.

and

nakedness.

because.

<

^U?V pr. n. Elamite.

Ithpa. same.

besides;

a^e; n nmt,

ui.

'

Pa. to delay;

23A*

pass.

r.

(Heb.)

/or

Plur-

wwy (nn^

*rw,
NTH#)

^D

&rm<7 m.

time; eternity; world; ']} "T^

]% NJ\J/ and NJ# m. eye.

PW

^n,-to

D.J^ and O.J7

Susiana.

Aph..S^^,

In, enter.

Heb. Hoph.
(Heb.)

pr. n.

r.

/A'N and

uppermost.

Ot'M/

Plur.

upper chamber; lodging

f.

77^ to go

or 7^3, same.

J/o.^ /%/'

//<

excel, same.

Prefixed with 7

higher than.

m.

fV7^

forms

upper; highest, [rreg.

J"f"OA*

OA*

1"'-

n (Heb.) Gomorrah.
-

f.floclc of

s'""'
j"OA* '" ""-

*NtDJi*
Pr
T T

pA*

to

/"'

afflicted.

" ^"' -{miniim.

111.

'''

sheep or goats.

cloud.

VOCABULARY.
j^*

clouds;

to collect

Pa same.

gether.

with

tp^

suff.

Inf.

to-

&OJV;

WW m..

to

escape.

*Np"Uf

D^*,

fine.

n *!^3

time.

in.

p")^ and p"]^*

fo,/?<

'

'"" away;

!Ti"lt^ and

Inf.

ni^-

hough; branch.

na.

F)}V

draw

to

101

Aws;

as

theArchites.

pr. "

3fc?>#

HJO^

ni. fter&.

"Tiy#

and

m.,

follows.

3D# see Db^ntf?P# m., Knnp#

*TDjgf.,*np#m*)^

f.

[fcnfA.

fen.

adj.

DpJ/

o &c

J)u*J7 ^" think; to

troubled; sad.

crooked, perverse. Pa.

caus.

pluck

up.

"lpj,* in. stock; root.

"1J,*

TT^ and "P"^ m.

ilY^]?

asfolloios.

Pa. to prepari

to set vp>.

Tnjfand TOT adj. m, NTH^

ready; determined; preparto.

With

foil. Inf. it

signifies to will the given ac-

if ild ass.

pTlp

adj.

m. ancient:

old. [tion.

emptying out; damage.

Kj?P1#

adj.

m.

IPlur.

^IlH^

occur.

0*"\i* aQ d

0*1^

V~\V. an<^ .1**^

^WJ?,

na/cetf.

N^b^

to meet.

,--

purpose.

jl^D

determine;

ed; about

'ym\p and Pa. ^o mix.

ime.

in-

1i"\y not used,

f.

m. enemy.

i-

jlj7

to

"lpj,* ^" ''oo^ o; to

in. 7 ,o,o

|*gty and pt'# adj.

/?; strong; mighty.

branches; foliage.

*"l5jy* in. rfwsi.

!3*V^

twenty.

adj.

'

pK-), and

01)

pr. n.

13 m

(Heb.) Phut.

mouth.

[13 adv. wow. (Used to strengthcunning.

ni.

occur happen;
i

Impf.jn&andJTTjP-

en another particle.)

IpTlD

releasing; redemption;

salvation.

VOCABULARY.

102

JJ'13

come forth;

"

to

abound;

to

increase; to remain over.

|-jn2 m- govt
Const.

"irtD

potu

^ND'l'TD Pr n
-

f>

pr. n.

fl^S

/; to

to be

paid;

to

/'

ward. Ithpe.

take vengeance,'
[erate.

H"ljD to break- off; to redeem, lib-

(Heb.) Pishon.

^3 and J* ?^
m. half.
NJ^iD

mwft

to

to exact.

) pr- n.

y?3

p]mi>liatic

fvhg.
|1C

a Persian.

u*"13 to-separate;

to divide.

C"^i32

(Heb.) P<?%.

p*02

worship;

to serc<; to

to cul-

H"13

to

divide;

Pa. Part.

distinguish.

division.

f-

///<

rsians.

V*1Q

Plur. p*V) and

NT) m. fruit.

C-P<

arena.
t t

na. fiaue.

^"' Pelusians.

Perta;

(Heb.)

^e

f- Sl

D"ID

division.

pr. n.

*D^D

/.

C"G2

and

t^'CDfl

D*12
~T

ND1D

plur. jjng.

nn);

divide. Part. pass.

to

(pP"13)

province.

'"'"' of a

CH3

to

pass.

d< finitely; distinctly.

copy.

in-

(Heb.) Euphrates.

pr. n.

reach out, extend.

tivate the soil; to observe a re-

Uu'3

to

worship.

"CD

to dissolve, explain, solve.

quirement,
?I"T?3 and

[ice;

jn^lS

,l

^Xnu ?3

D3

m.

,r

'//'/.

pDJD3

serv-

""'"'/''
-

^' e Philistines.

C'n 'H-) m.
,

1C'3

psaZ-

DJH3

{<V! and Pa. to deliver; tofrt

"tpD Pa.

P*HD

and

Hp)

m.

rnD

to

02~\D

to

order;

HHfl

to

in-

r.

[A'/-

in- <'"''

m.word; command; edict;

r;

thing.

PinD
T

?0

<

nnS
*flS

>^" r,.t'

to sicstain;

tonourish.

" extend.

to open.
in-

width.

breadth,

flourish; to blossom; to
>;L

rpretation; explana-

I, tt,
.

command.

redeem*

irore.

<

[Hon.

sible.

[tery.

extremity.

subs, possibility, pos-

"C'2tf

'NDnnS

,r

With

//"

Pathrusim.

VOCABULARY.
\1V

JOV

"

jliJOV

*Qy

'"-'

willing.

pi-

m.(Heb.) armies, hosts.

D**Qi

pr. n.

(Heb.) Zehoim

(for

irOy m

adv. /or a s/wri

J/5V

dip;

'"

l^y
JO:*.

to

Ithpa.

heap up;

to

[glean.

.s;W<'.

N*1V m

design; conspir-

MTV P

H>

NT** and

&e wasted, de-

stroyed, deserted;
conspire.

NHV

Part.

Ithpeel

to catch;

to

'iy.

f.

act.

H*OV^

as thou ' h

Aph.

destroy; to scorn.

NJIViy

f-

f.

r>

to

^ear;

f.

to obey.

n (Heb.) Sidon.
"

Apli.

prosper.

to

sam<

caus.; to promise.

/>,

o^y, d^v- o'py and tfpy

m. image; idol; appearance.

sy?y,

P i.

P^V^V

j^y'py,

fJ^V'

(and 'y) cymbal, cym-

sprout, germinate, [bals.

*{Ot3V

pr. n. /te

Zemarites.

an<^

he-goat.

13y c ^'''^13y ni. morning,

-

dawn.

D"^V D0 * use^- P*-

lpiy

Aph. fVyjv

to perceive.

cate.

"1*5 V

same; virtue; almsgiv-

Emphatic NJ1p"TV

ing.

oe inclined; to

to

[tion.

justice; piety.

waylay; to catch.

,l

nOV

devastation; dcstruc-

p*"T: adv. m. righteous.

NpTi m

and

from TXK)-

TViYN*
to

to

H^y pr- n. (Heb.) Zillah.

N^y t incline; to listen. Pa.
H7y and ?y to pray, supplipf 7

acy.

{^pli

hear;

and jTyj<
" T

?<'(>.

moisten.

to

collect;

iy m.

As

" Kw?c, somewhat.

1*y

Tvn#-

ithpe.

iliy and j"Vy

D\V3V)-

Act.

* ^"'''^/ * ^' ; thirsty.

1*iy and

matter; will; design.

f-

103

righteousness; piety.

make fast.

to

strengthen;

VOCABULAKY

1H4

JO~lV
T T

burning;

f-

destruction

ui/i'i /; y//.s7.

through

NH^ip. NiTO"Tp

fire.

//n

(From forms N*21p-

///>/.

P
.Dp

to

comt

complain;
ct ivt

listen

meet; to visit;
cry.

to;

to

to

to

re-

to ht

ar;

to

DiTTp

comply with;

to

u'"lp Pa.

cry nut.

?3p

cratt

TOP

and

P rep. before; op-

With

posite; becaust of.

n^np
U
~
? *"//" OD~ 3
l^p
t
|t:t
ana

because

because;

C^lp

by

therefore.

forasmuch

as.

former time; beginning;

(list siil

'

rly; in

Dip, Dip
It

fore.

nouns;

and

takes

e. g.,

Dip

i-

m.

post.-

p^lp ?^/'"'"'-

front; <m

CHip.

m.

Nu'lip

*"///'.

holiness;

sanctuary; the Holy Our.

^Ip,

Sp

up;

to rise

confirm:

tin

<

stand.

Pa. to

to

swear;

Aph.

abide;

appoint.

Hoph.

sidt

Dip

"!Dlp and

suff.

of plural

JOIp

D1D, 'HiO'lpfD

to sin/:.

to sustain.

to

to set nj>:

Ithpolal

7,7/7rf.

to

to

establish;
tn

6e

to

diminish d;

prep, be-

q-

to conse-

Aph.

(Heb.) Kedesh.

nst.

apart;

to set

to sanctify.

JOnpui. c&ngrt gation;assi nibly.

Dip

N^-Tp

and

pr. n.

to In

adj. in. fa>Zy; saint.

Dtp- Np-lp

CHp

[color.

m. cedar.

of; conj.

suff.

rv^2p. etc.

Foil,

WlTlp and JOn-jP adj. m. 0/

Pa.

accept;

to

to
to

emph.

f-

or

Q-ip.

~2p
\nip

and

insep. prep, be-

m.

cold.

p"1ip and f3"|p m.

sorrijiii

oti'i

[fore.

oblation;

ring.

<-l'Op to kill.

^tD"7p

t'.

before time; antiquity.

r\*21p [Q

*OTp

prep.

(W*2"Jp)

"Op

A'/'"/-,.

^lj.

in.

^"iiTp adj.

past;

iTp

iu.

111.

killer;

knot; joint.

in. siniinii r.

murderer.

VOCABULARY
QT5

Qvp

and

DNp

and

to

swear;

to

to causi

maintain

DT5

in lift

swear.

con mint:

D*p

0*p

adj. in. established ; firm.

f^Ppr.

edict; decree.

Dirrp, Diinp

*?p m. iWfr.

^p,

thunders;

m.

?/p

Plur.

,.,/.sW

grain; grain of wheat or barley.

P ' ^ e light,
"Dp see Dip'

'

TOp.

Op

NTOp
to

^'.'A

despised, lessen-

["^ diminished.

meal; flour.

in-

purchase,

acquin

]*p,

pr. n.

JWp m.

(Heb.)

angry;

lip

m. anger; wrath.

]*Vp

* <

#;

jiyp tpart;

Nip

to

rn/(/,

w//;

to be in

* l

'

a rage.

pr. n.

Cordis

pr. n.

Cardania.

[tan

siip

flllp and pllpHiuph

Plur.

adj. in. near; ale in.

Heb .) city. ySIN jipp

Kirjath-Arba.

pr. n.

flp and ppe.//or.

and pip.'
|*1p

ni-

'Oiup m.
With
ilC'p

Phillip

Dnal.pip.

piece; fragment.

*},

f-

Emph. NJX'lp-

truth.

indeed; With

7^

^H'fy.

&oh>; rain-bow.

1
pr.

C'NI and
ning;

ii.

(Heb.) iZew&m.

^1 m.

sum;

head; begin-

amount.

Plur.

hi ails; chiefs.

y\ XD1

end.
to rea<7.

<>ff< r.

Emph. NTHp. NJTIp

pINI

'"

Mr Cap-

en<7.

*lVp

^''

obtain,

[padocians.

W'pDlSp

to

N*;ip, N*;iip and

nnp f
.

m ar;

Aph.

war; fight

Hip and JHIp

f^p Dpp

voices.

^hp m

^p and Hp,

bring

to

N'^p- N*npip-

kind of harp.

ciihara, a

to

oV.v.

Diirvp

or

approach;

'"

touch; to bring. Pa. same.

np,

(Heb.) Cainan.

n.

Dip

and

X*JHp

(Heb.) Cain.

pr. n.

Dip

Dip m

in.

f*n

confirm by oath;

to

to

Pa.

to live.

105

Imp. *1p

(Others say Part. pass.)

leader;

pdidi.

adj.

chief;

m. great, high;
prince.

Plur.

VOCABULARY.

106

NrD")
"
T

N3"l,
T ~

,~]3"1 to be

12")

ur.

and X13"l num.

13")

adj.

thousand, a myriad.
?i3"1

na.

*^"| and

*"1

great or (im< rons.

greatness; grandi

f.

nil

9reat; strong.

f-

PI.

ten

pa").

m.

ni. stret t;

in"l

pr. n.

p'tTl

adj.

m. distant; remote.

ppm pl.m. mercy; compassion.

&Wa"l

f.

j*m

n.

(Heb.) iZacAeZ.

rsi

to

Ithpe., with

<'/*.

/^/ sam(

pf-p and p^CH

(Heb.) Rebecca.

pr. n.

yryi

adj. m..

jot?"! *

see an.

|a*ia*l m. great one; nobleman;

fo desire,

to

Rehum.

*a^ m- boy; young man.

Hpa")

HI

squart

^mpr.

fcurth.

long for.

[prince.

moved. Aph.

far

&e far, re-

to

to

/'

//""<

to

AoA/

off.

u*m.

u'*f"H

to creep; to

Cm- C'ni m.

moved, excited.

//<

secret.

aim

ton?; master.

JT1 num. adj. m..

JJJ]"1

pr. n. (Heb.) i? M tf.

worms;

swarm.
reptiles'.

and emph. m. XC'IT"! and

f.

*?T) and ^jfjc./oo*. PI. and dual

a*Gl and a*LD1

CJ"1

'"

to

,,/,//

.-

tumult, m, is.

Aph.

to

to collect

together in rage

jmrsm

[or "'/7A

moist;

in

Xa^ and Xa*^

to

tumult.

rr~) m.

"H m. aspect; appearance.

nST)

m"l

fpn

T)
Q1"1

<

wind; breath;
-/////..

to &(
to

&<

praise,

spirit.

Impf. VV.

/<<'.<//'

Poel

[thpo. to

7///

to exafo;

wp

.//,,"*

n.

young woman.

*l"m

m. jmcy;

adj.

fresh gret

*<< ///. s??k

Pr- n.

u.

(Heb.) Riphath.

adj. m.,

N^pn

f.

wwon*,

mpty.

'

t?n

see

adj.

cwn.
111.

fa'grA.

[/'/y/".s-<

s If.

Q11

ni.

Foil Perf.
//' /'////.-

pi.

VD")-

honor; dignity.

X^n
PiVT\

to

throw, cast: to place; to

pr. n.

Ramoth.

VOCABULARY.
L^'Cl

?P*1 pr.

Xy*l

~)pj^ m.

(Hob.) Resen.

11.

to feed,

to de-

guard, tend;

sire; to like. Ithpe. to

be dear;

S^j^

understand. Itbpa. with

frv

^>

side.

consider.

to like; to find pleasure.

?2Vf
t

)}r\
t

pleasure; will; delight.

1^*") f-

to sAow/ respect.

Dj/O 31 tJ^

evening.

Dtt-

107

intelligence; under-

f-

standing.

N3t^
t

job
t

to Twite.

fl^jn and

fyn

m. thought; un-

lyt^

hater; enemy.

**

Aotr.

in.

pr. n. (Heb.) Sarah.

mi#
T

derstanding.

nt3J/*"l pr- n. (Heb.)

1^*")

a( ^J-

^jT) and

Raamah.

green; flourishing.

Pa.

y)pl

s/w^ r.

to

break in pieces.

DT\

in.

NJ^p"!

faw?< of heaven; ex-

to KOfe,

D'*1

[pause.

wn'te

down;

to sign.

f-

j/DC'

NJu'
t

e/der.

*lNt* to &c

to

pr. n.

?';/>;

to

Shealtiel
remain. Itbpe.

to leave; to be left.

^' e

P^i remainder.

2C' and

ie or become great.

3*t*

num.

(In Jer. Tar,-, for

{^J^

adj.m. great; much,

maun;

ask,

same. Pa. Ttf/i fWB''to leave.

*"lNt*

be satisfied.

to

to

request; affair, concern.

^N*J"V?N#

Itbpa.

It? m.

and

seek; to enquire.

N^NC'

trample upon.

to

bXW, 7#&

KX'
t

pr. n.

nDC'

Pa. to praise;

adj. c.

JDg

sec

n.

4'.)

(Heb.) Sheba.

adv. very; exceedingly.

1"inC*

f-

Njft1E>,

*J?C' or fOiytp, NfJX*'. m.

testimony ; proof

N^ib*

and NjjilP

to

place;

(order?);

to

to

appoint;

j'sswe

/W;

stem; tribe.

y^& m. flame.

m. satiety ; fullness.

D1C

to sing.

(a

to give

decree);

*^*OJ*' ord. adj.

m. seventh.

HM^' Hp# 2>E*') seventeen.

VOCABULARY'.

108

X'2'C nun.,

'DC'-

pDu'

adj.

f.

'''

'"

s'

'31CV

Plur. s'n

to forsake;

to leave;
/' //"'/.

off; t"

NjpB>

toforgivt

/////.

tolet
to p< r-

N!2$tW&

*?JC'

f-

puzzlt

to

]><

rplex.

n*nC*
As

}^1C
t

to throw, sling;

pour

to

NDi*tr with

out, shed.

same:

fo *""/. Ithpe.

^""Tu' Pa. to persuade.

endeavor;

to fly.

Ithpa.

to

ND**C

,11

rt

T0

I.

ont

to wrestle.

's

Ithpa.

to

and *yj^ Peel,

cerise:

self.

by\0

pr. n.

and

m. {OSIiT. N^iDu

without

dag.),

f.

ear of corn: sta?&. Plur.

lias

masc, ending.

*-0

Pa. /"

hi, nli

DW

i-

Q.

sef, 7'/'"'

TlC*

find; to attain.

dwelling; encamping;

f-

Ithpa. to

bt

DDC

(Heb.) Shechem.

pr- ".

p^ and p^C*
cause

to

'<>

Pf7C!to

n ST u

and

//.

resf.

Pa.

dwell.

complett

fee

f-

to rfw<

to bt

sunn.

tn

becomt

*!*?!' f-

TVhW
T "

DC-

tfH&)& and N"n)*u'

Nplu'

de-

to

Ithpeel pass.

stay; Sht Jcinah.

Shadrach.

^l-J'J* (and

extirpate;

to discover,

NJ*DC
T

to finish;

iD) m. foundation.

Aph. saw

II. to send.

"tlTu

to

stroy; to perish.

l"Qu*

rvQPtp.

refuge.

measure.

in.

**ntP Pa.

to free.

*"""

f.

NDtfiW

be occupied in.

to

deliveranct

f-

)1^V'

to

suff.

WW

^IC

Peel, to deliver;

Wu

fw and fw-

m. corrupt; wicked.

adj.

subs, crime.

inf.

of a king; queen. PI.

?'"'/'

w*<m-

fAe

n.

chites.

1VW
u'3C P a

Pr.

J"-

trumpt

'" street; open place.

"I. v/-.///.

>.

pf^u'
Or

mistake; error; failure.

f-

'"

".//'.

rhZ*

tranquillity.
*'""'

""'".'/'

1'a. s'imi

pr.n.(Heb.)

to pirf om<

.S7<7/.

VOCABULARY.

&)&

and D^C*. with

to rule; to

have power;

Aph.

upon, attack.

fiD^C m

ruh

officer;

^,

or
to

fall

to

[rule.

to

resound.

fbW)
?C' adj. m.power/wZ. With

andlnf.jsermtVferf. Subs, ruler;

D**?C
Dvil'

adj. in. perfect; complete.

Aph.

to finish;

Cm

?hp
DC'

pr. n.

Kt2C
t

(Heb.) Sheleph.

QC'

f'.

Plur.

u'

pr.

name.
t

'

rcant.

foofA.

in.

Dual

Pa. tochange,

to be changed.

Ithpa. to

Aph.

to be altered.

(}$ or

as

often retained
Inf. NJJ|?7T.

xnc*', piur.
heaven;

P^'adj.

m.,

ptr.

JO

f. */<'//y>.

heavens.

DD#

Ithpo.

DQlW'K

(0)

*o

6e astonished.
rich.

plur.

to

m. fat pieces.

hear;

to obey.

Ithpe.

f-

moment; any short pt

Emphatic Nnj{>

Kfitftf, plur.

D3C

Plur. fat ones.

^\3t2C

NJ/*^
od.

[DtP eAj.m.Miy&f.fat;

y*2ty

stm.

emph.
WXtff.year. Const. fl3JJ>,
"

to destroy.

W*2\Z* Plur. emph.

const

Shimshai.

"

*''
-

after preform.)

(Heb.) Shem.

"TpC' Aph.

tJte

Emph.

to

Pl#

KM
Pa.

fnWI

ii-

adj.

change;

prosperity; peace.

ainl

c.

pass. part, different.

to restore.

be

^ serve; to minister.

CtDC^ Pa-

NC2C'

to

/<<"/,

Samaria.

pr. n.

|? and kWTJ* m-

be perfect; complete.

to

to complete.

to //'"/.<

play;

to

and Nu'^u'

*C2u* P r

officer.

r"OC
Vftfflf

,k

O.C'

Aph.

obedient.

heard;

to &e

to

m.power; dominion. (Targ.

1%jJ$
T

and Ithpa.

announce;

to cn'.sv
r.

109

"T3C

tou.

ri-

and.

j^'.

judge,

adj.

m. fair; beautiful;

agreeable; good.

VOCABULARY.

lilt

7S?P' Aph.

bring down, hum-

to

ble; to subdue.

(^ or

J~|

JX'

pr.

(Heb.) Seih.

n.

often
T

retained after preform.)

7^C

adj. in. low.

*l5tT

to be beautiful; to be

antf
T ~

f. ./"".

agree-

W" P^

^ii3

able.

dawn of the morning.

in-

t7p&* Aph. to make drink, water.

"Ip^

deception,

in.

N"npti'7

falsehood.

en in or to wAatf

in

is

i-

"

DID-

q-

X'/.- fig-tree.

f-

Plur.

p\STV (JOT)
"V?fl

m- fragile.

adj.

TOH

occurs.)

(Heb.) eW/t partic. ?-

f-

habited earth, world.

fedse.

JOtT
t

D\\T)

NJWl

leg.

Shethar-boz-

11.

*13"^l^

p& f

[/mi.

ord. adj. sixth,

in-

\"Vj"Iu'

to loosen; to

remit;

to solve;

enquire; to investigate;

to

}/2T)

to stop,

dwell;

pi. |**1&* Zoose.

Ithpe. to be loos-

ed; to be begun.

Pa.

to loosi

become powerless.

net i >etp; to

my'

Ithpa. to be loosed;

to biejin.

to

Part.

to begin.

cause

to be or

tii

Aph.

to

become dry. Ithpe.

root.

1EHt^

and

f-

f-

")V5^T
num.

[ment.

banish-

n Sheshbazzar.

adj.

demand;

breeds; to

to

break

f.,

NfV'

Plur. priC* sixty.

m.

sia ;.

to

off,

in

s.

cooked food; mess;

broth.
f-

revolving

in

hence continuance;

eradication,
l' r

to

nge.

"On
pii

look for, ask for,

pray;

to

N"nri
T

t!HB> m.

i~\\Z*

desin

mi

to

visit;

7*BOfl

rest.

same.

^p'"^i'

to

by

inn
3in

to

circle,

preceded

constantly.
c.

(Heb.) deep; abyss.

return; to repent; to an-

swer. Inf.

SiTD, DiTP- Aph.

same with

act.

sic;.

Ill

VOCABULARY.
jl^n

yip\ adv. again; further.

S^in

pr.

rp ^Ifl

n-

P^

pr.n.(Heb.) Togarmah.

" oe

amazed,
f

('?)-

$rfa\T\

SOIfl

f-

family; genera-

occasion; cause.

tymbal; tim-

NTonpin

and

as

means

f-

S"7*

f-

praise;

glory; song of praise;

Dinn

ni

Hinri

prep, under.

renown;
soikj.

border.

"/"

Mr<Z.

m. wonder; miracle.

month Tammuz

about July).
adv.

?/s<< /(/",;/.

\3pn, iOll num.

m.

p^in^n

pi-

HTlft

adj.

f.,

N^D

Plur. eight)/.

eight.

V^ft num.

m. ox.

Nn^u'lD

?'""//

\)*2ft pr. n. fAc

*7",t2fl

of approach to a great being).

Tin

&#

fiSTl and j8f adv. M</r:

OH.

(4th,

rjpiri m. strength.

NTCPpH

^"' third part.

T\*2y] (ft)

brel (tambourine).

arnpin.

//</.

thither.

tabret;

"'

J^n^D m

T^D adv.

terrified.

tion; nation.

N5DD1D

/A

Plur. thirty.

fArce.

pl^ljin

m.

adj.

(Heb.) Tubal-

en in.

TV\D

snow.

ipfoft rd.

Tubal

(Heb.)

in.

consolation.

m. second.

adj.

<7rea2 sea-fish;

gnat

snake. Plur. sea-monsters.

ft)T^ft adv. a secondtime; again.

emph.
Wft^ft
* t
:

pi.

m. of uneer-

meaning; either the judges

jinn we

(Heb.).

tain

ND1N*]1

desire; appetite.

from the idea of passing sent-

f-

ence, or

f/ie

sheriffs

from that

NJTl^VTri

D"VD
T

f.

blowing; sound.

pr. n. (Heb.) Tiras.

N t n '"

'''

'"' n

up, hang up. stretch

of serving sentence.

HiDlpri

ppH

f.

adj.

course; solstice; season

m. right; ft; firm,

over. Ithpe. to be suspended.

^ft^^ft

f-

blowing; sound.

VOCABULARY.

112

^l'pn Impf. tlpfV

fast; to

bum,

to be

strong,

adj.

in and p"in num.

adj. in. ftoo;

be angry; to be

passionatt ly sad.

f]*pl

,-

*l"in

strong; mighty;

in.

'///''

>

^O^fl m

<,/'/.

wallet.

y'"'/''/

Pa. same.

pOW< if

ill

7pD

Pass. part.

to weigh.

^pH

for *ypr\.

|pn
to

prepare;

sarm

flpil

to

to

grow;

to

or powerful or

confirm.

Aph.

thority.

become strong
/<"/</.

Pa.

U1

to

(n).

to interpret; to translate.

mn

q.

nn.

>uTI

NTnn

f.

'"luTl
ri

(Heb.) Tarshish.

and

num.

N^u'n

m.

sine.

"<'"'></.

H)

7th,

*3fin

prnn

two; both.
f.,

1 '-

"

'/"

month Tish-

about October).

DJ^ri
i.

adj.

pr. n.

p;^TI

power; au-

Emph. ^*Dpnn
t|:

^'BHfl
rnn,

See *Vpri-

*lpn and 'Hpn

PL

make fast;

arrange.

EEoph. to be restort d.

porter; watchman.

ni.

l*"in

be fast. Pa. to

to

trana

pr. n.

T'ltmii.

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CO

r>

Xi

w o
(Dt)